Yintoni ungamandla electromotive

Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ntoni na electromotive amandla wamandla kwaye yintoni na ulwalamano yayo kunye nezinye parameters ze kumphathi wesekethe. uqaphele nje, nangona kubomi bemihla ngemihla sisebenzisa ngempumelelo izixhobo zombane, imithetho abaninzi yayithathwa empirically kwaye uzigqala njengezingabalulekanga. Esi sesinye sezizathu kakhulu Iinkcazelo xaka. Ngelishwa, nkqu amandla electromotive, ukuba isiseko zobunjineli bombane, esikhanyayo ngendlela yokuba umntu akazazi nombane, ukuqonda yinto enzima. Sicacisa umba ngoncedo ngokucacileyo ngamnye, nemizekelo.

intshukumo zemiyalelo amasuntswana ebizwayo umqhubi ubizwa ngokuba "yangoku yombane". Njengoko usazi, zonke izinto ihlabathi lethu eziphathekayo yabhalwa-athom. Ngenxa gca kuthathwa ukuba atom nganye imelwe ngokohlobo izigidi kuncitshiswa amaxesha umfuziselo yenkqubo elanga: embindini umongo, kwaye imigama ezahlukeneyo kulo kwindawo yazo elijekelezayo lwe electron ukudla.

Xa nayiphi impembelelo yangaphandle umqhubi kusekwe isekethi evaliweyo, amandla electromotive usenziwa naxa kukho umsinga wombane. Negalelo "etshaya" electron Valence evela nokujikeleza zabo athom ukuze wavelisa electron simahla kunye ion kakuhle ityala.

amandla Electromotive kuyimfuneko izityholo "amandla" siqhubekele nge umqhubi kunye izinto yesiphaluka kwicala elithile. Ngaphandle kwawo, i yangoku phantse nangoko kucinywa. Uhlobo ukuba yintoni na amandla electromotive, uya kuvumela uthelekiso yombane kunye namanzi. icandelo Umbhobho ngqo - le nombhexeshi. amaqela ayo ezimbini iya yimizimba emanzini. Logama nje bayalingana amanqanaba amanzi amadama kwaye akukho kuphambuka, ulwelo kwi inqawe zokubhala.

Licacile elokuba, ukuba simenze ukuhamba ngeendlela ezintathu: ukwenza umahluko ukuphakama (bias okanye ubungakanani ulwelo kwi amadama) okanye pump amandla. Ingongoma ebalulekileyo: xa sithetha zokuquba nkqo (umahluko enokubakho), oko kuthetha uxinezeleko. Kuba EMF intshukumo efanayo "ngenkani" ngenxa yokuba imikhosi ngaphandle echaphazela, nonpotential.

Naluphi na umthombo umbane uye EMF - amandla enye into exhasa intshukumo amasuntswana ebizwayo (kwimikhosi mzekeliso ukuhambisa amanzi). Ulinganiswa volts. Igama uthetha ukuba ngokwayo: EMF ubonakalise umsebenzi eqhotyoshelweyo inxalenye yezinto imikhosi yangaphandle ukuba enze ukubana yeyunithi ntlawulo nganye ukusuka kwipali enye ukuya kwenye (phakathi ezinjengeetheminali). Kuyinto ngamanani lilingane umlinganiselo umsebenzi imikhosi yangaphandle eqhotyoshelwe ixabiso yoyalo eshukumayo.

Uzifake kufuneka umthombo EMF anokuzuzwa umthetho yolondolozo amandla kunye iimpawu umqhubi. Kule ivaliwe umsebenzi wesiphaluka entsimini kwi intshukumo kweentlawulo ngu zero. Noko ke, umqhubi itshiswe (ngokomelela nomsinga elikhulu udlula kuyo nganye ngexesha unit). Isiphelo: I yesekethe kufuneka babekho umlinganiselo wamandla lwangaphandle. Uthe imikhosi ngaphandle - oku magnetic umbane intsimi, electron umdla ngokuqhubekayo; amandla ekudibaneni kwemichiza in neebhetri.

Umkhosi electromotive yoqheliso laqala yabonakala ngokomfuniselo ngo-1831 yi-physics Faraday. Wafumanisa ukuba ngobunzulu imigca umqhubi-kubusa alternating zibuthe, umsinga wombane. Exposure kwintsimi iingxelo electron zangaphezulu kwi-atom lwe-eneji zilahlekile kubo, ebangela ukuba bahlukane kwaye uqale ukususa (uhamba). Kakade ke, intshukumo ngqo amasuntswana akakho (awukwazi ukukhumbula ukuba kwezinto of elikuwo zombane). Kunoko, kukho utshintshiselwano amasuntswana phakathi atom elikufutshane.

Eziveliswe amandla electromotive - yinto luphawu yangaphakathi naliphi na umthombo wamandla.