I-Stabilization Fund yaseRashiya

Naluphina uqoqosho lufuna i-inshurensi ngendlela yemida yokukhusela. Kulo hlobo lokukhuseleka kwintlawulo yesikhwama sokuzinza saseRashiya, eyaba yinto eqhubekayo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali, olwenziwa ngo-1998 lwagqitywa ngo-2004.

Ingongoma ephambili yeengeniso zebhajethi yelizwe namhlanje ukuthunyelwa kwemithombo yamandla, okubeka ubutyebi baseRashiya ngokuxhomekeka kakhulu kwixabiso leoli lehlabathi. Umthombo wengxowa-mali eyintloko yeRussia ayinaphakade, oko kuthetha ukuba isebenza ngexesha elide. Ukongezelela, amaninzi kumazwe ezoqoqosho abandakanyeka ekuphuhlisweni kweenkqubo zokulondoloza amandla. Ewe, kwaye iRashiya kufuneka iyanciphise ukuxhomekeka kwayo kwixabiso eliqhelekileyo lehla kwizibonelelo zamandla.

Ingcamango yokuphuhliswa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali (1998) isekelwe kwiimfuno zokuxhasa ngemali iindawo ezinkulu kunye nezona zininzi kwilizwe, ezinokuthi zibe "uhlobo lweengqungquthela" kwiingxaki ezizayo.

Ukufakela okutsha kwesikhwama sokuzinzisa kwaba ngowokuqala, ukuchasene "nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali". Ekuqaleni, bekufuneka ukuba yenze i-inshorensi yokugcina imali yokuhlawula ibhajethi ngexabiso eliwela "igolide elimnyama" (ioli), eya kubakhokelela ekulawuleni ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, njengoko bekucetywayo ukutyala inzuzo enkulu kwizinto ezinkulu zelizwe langaphandle. Ukongezelela, isikhwama sokuzinzisa seRussian Federation siza kusombulula ingxaki yokuxhaswa kwemali kwinkqubo yomhlalaphantsi karhulumente. Ingcamango yokudala ixhaswa yaxhaswa phantse wonke umntu: ukusetyenziswa kwemali efanayo kwamanye amazwe sele kubonakalise ukubaluleka kwayo.

Ukususela ngomhla we-1 kuFebhuwari 2008, i-fund ye-stabilization eyadalwa ihlukaniswe: i-Reserve Fund (malunga ne-3.7 billion ruble) kunye neSizwe (iNational Welfare (malunga ne-783 billion ruble). Inani elipheleleyo leenzuzo, eliboshwe kwi-GDP, landa malunga ne-1% ngonyaka Kwaye, ukususela ngo-2010 kuhleli kwi-3.7%.

Ukulawula kunye nokulawulwa kwezibonelelo zeengxowa-mali zihlala kunye noMphathiswa Wezezimali weRussia Federation. Umyalelo wolawulo uzimisele nguRhulumente welizwe. Icandelo legunya lokulawula linikezelwa kwiBhanki Ephakathi yaseRashiya (ngokuhambelana nesivumelwano kunye noRhulumente waseRussia Federation).

Inkxaso ye-stabilization, ngokubhekiselele kuyo injongo yayo, inokuthi ibekwe ngokukodwa kwiimbopheleleko zamatyala kwamanye amazwe, uludwe lwawo oluvunyiwe nguRhulumente waseRashiya. Ulawulo lweemali lunokuthi luqhutywe ngeendlela eziliqela, zombini ezithathwe ngokwahlukileyo kunye kunyekanye. Izikhokelo eziphambili:

• Ukufunyanwa kwamanqaku okunyusa kwamanye amazwe;
• Ukufunyanwa kwemali yelizwe langaphandle (kunye nokufakwa kwayo kuma-akhawunti, kunye neentlawulo zenzalo).

Kubonakala ngathi ukudalwa kwengxowa yinkampani inenzuzo kwaye ingenakulinganiswa, kwaye inzuzo inkulu kwaye iyashesha. Ngoko ke kungani i-mechanism yokulawula le ngxowa-mali ibangela ingqwalasela enkulu kungekhona kuphela kwizentlalo, amagqwetha, abaxhasi, abaxhasi bezoqoqosho kunye nososayensi bezopolitiko, kodwa kunye noluntu jikelele? Impendulo ixhomekeke kwiingqinisiso ezibalulekileyo phakathi kweengcamango ezinikeziweyo kunye nomsebenzi wokusebenza. Akungabazeki ukuba indawo efanelekileyo ye-fund ngakwesinye icala kunye neemeko ezintle kwenye, ngokukodwa:

• Iingxaki zeziko;
• Ukuphumelela okungafunekiyo kwinqanaba loqoqosho;
• Ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwezomthetho;
• Ukunganeliseki kwabahlawuli berhafu;
• Ukuxhatshazwa kwengqondo kwintlalo yonke.

Isihloko sifanelekileyo kwaye siye saba ngumlingiswa welizwe lonke. Iminyaka emine edlulileyo, i-poll yenziwa yi-All-Russian Federation Opinion Research Centre (i-Centre for the Study of the Society's Opinion), ngenxa yoko kuye kwafunyanwa: i-90% yamaRashiya iyakuthanda "ukuvulwa kwakhona" kwe-fund stabilization fund, ama-5% abo abaseleyo bakholelwa ukuba imali ayikwazi ukuchithwa, malunga ne-5% yabantu abaphenduliweyo bayathandabuza imfuneko yezenzo ezinjalo. Kule 90% yabaphendulayo, ama-32% anikezelwa ukunika imali ekuphuhliseni ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, 28% - ukwenyuka kweepensheni, i- 26% ukwenyuka kwimivuzo yabasebenzi baseburhulumenteni, i-19% yemfundo, kunye no-3% kwiintlawulo zentlalo (intandane kunye nokungavumelekanga).

Umoya wabemi ucacile. Apha awukwazi ukungavumelani nesitatimende se-populist nesigxina sikaS. Glazyev: "Umgaqo kaRhulumente uziphatha kakubi kwaye awunangqondo. Xa umvuzo onzima, unobungozi obunobungozi bempilo kunye nemfundo, inkohlakalo yenkqubo yokunyanzeliswa komthetho, ukugqithisa kwamakhulu amabhiliyoni eerubleki ayamkelekanga."

Imali yeengxowa-mali yeengxowa-mali namhlanje ihlala ingummangaliso emva kweempawu ezininzi. Ukulandelela apho, kunye neendlela zokubhalwa kweebhajethi ezihamba ngayo, namhlanje akunakwenzeka ukuba ummi oqhelekileyo waseRussia, kuba ulwazi alukwazi ukufikelela.