I-Pneumothorax: yintoni na? Iimbangela, iiMpawu kunye nokuPhathwa kwePneumothorax

I-Pneumothorax isifo apho umoya ukhula ngokukhawuleza kwisigxina. Le meko idinga ukulaliswa kwezibhedlele ngokukhawuleza. Eli nqaku linika ulwazi ngesihloko esithi "I-Pneumothorax: yintoni na?", Izizathu kunye neempawu zezilwanyana ziyahlolwa.

Inkcazo yesifo

Imiphunga yomntu isebenza ngokupheleleyo xa uxinzelelo kubo luphezulu ngaphezu kwesigxina. Ukuba umoya ungena kulo mva ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, lo mfanekiso ukwanda ngokuphawulekayo. Imiphunga kule ngxaki iyakwenza ngenguqu kwisayizi, ebangela ukuphefumla okufutshane kunye nezinye iimpawu ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-oksijeni.

Kwiyeza, le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-pneumothorax. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kubantu abatsha abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40. Xa izibonakaliso zokunyuka kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zesigulane zivela, kuyimfuneko ukulalisa ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphandle koko, amathuba okubangela ukongela ubomi ayenyuka.

Izizathu kunye neentlobo zezifo

I-pneumothorax ikhula njani, yintoni na? Esi sifo senziwa ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yezizathu ezininzi ezichonga ifomu ethile. Ukuqhubela phambili kule ndawo, oogqirha bahlula ukuhlula okulandelayo:

1. Pneumothorax ngokukhawuleza. Ukuphuhlisa ngokungabikho isizathu esicacileyo (esiseprayimari) okanye ngokumalunga nemvelaphi yezifo (ezisekondari). Ngokuqhelekileyo ifunyanwe kumadoda aneminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwiminyaka engama-40 enesisindo somzimba. Kwintliziyo yesi sifo kulungelelaniso lokufa okanye isiphako semiphunga. Ukongeza, i-pneumonia okanye isifo sofuba sinokubangela le ndlela yokugula.
2. I-pneumothorax eyingozi. Ivela ngenxa yokuxhwaleka kommandla we-thoracic, kokubili ukulimala kwangena kunye nomonakalo wangaphakathi. Kwimeko yokuqala, umoya udlula ngqo kwisigxina esilukileyo ngesilonda esivulekileyo, kwaye sisuswa kwindlela. Kwimeko yesibini, ukuphazamiseka kwemiphunga kuyafunyanwa. Ngenxa yokugula, umoya okhululekile ungena kwindawo yesigxina.
3. Iatrogenic pneumothorax. Uphuhliswa ngenxa yonyango okanye ukuxilongwa (ukuphazamiseka kwemiphunga, ukutshitshiswa, ukuchithwa kwamanzi).

Ukwahlula okwenziweyo kuvumela ukuchonga ngokufanelekileyo "i-pneumothorax" kunye nokunyanga unyango olufanelekileyo.

Umfanekiso weklinikhi yesifo

I-pathology iqala ukuphuhliswa kwayo kunye nokuvela kweentlungu ezinzima esifubeni, ezinokuthi zenze intanyeni okanye isisu esiswini. Ukuxhatshazwa kuvakalelwa ngexesha lokuphefumla okanye ukunyamekela. Njengoko ukuqhubeka kwesi sifo kubonakala bunzima esifubeni, umntu uvakalelwa kukunqongophala komoya. Oku kubangelwa uxinzelelo olunyukayo kwisigxina sokunyamezela kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwemiphunga. Kukhona ukuphefumula okufutshane, ukuphefumula okungapheliyo, okungenakho ukuzisa ukukhutshwa okufunayo.

Ukungahambi kakuhle kwe-oksijini kubangela ukugquma kwesikhumba. Ukongezelela, kukho intliziyo yesifo kunye nokukhukhuma ngokweqile.

Iifom ye-pneumothorax

Ubukho / ukungabikho kokunxibelelana nendalo kwenza kube lula ukuhlenga isifo ngokwemiqathango elandelayo:

• Valiwe. Iyakhula xa umoya ungena kwingingqi yecala. Kwizonyango, le fomu ye-pathology ibonakaliswe yinkqubo elula. Imiqulu emininzi yomoya ingakwazi ukutshabalalisa ngokwabo.
• Vula. Kukhona ukuqokelela umoya ogqithiseleyo kwisigxina esilungeleleneyo, esenziwa nge-bronchus eyonakalisiweyo okanye isilonda sodonga lwesifuba sithetha kunye nendalo. Ngaloo nzobilini, umoya owela emgodini wecala, kwaye xa ugxothwa ngumkhumbi. Uxinzelelo luba lingana noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, olubandakanya ukuncipha kwimpompo.
• Valve. Le fom ye-pneumothorax ithathwa njengowona mkhulu. Ukuba isilonda sikhulu, isakhiwo se-valve esinzima sakhiwe. Xa ukuphefumula, umoya ungena kwisigxina, kodwa xa ukhutshwa, awukwazi ukubuyela. Umthamo wayo ukhula kancane kancane. Esi sifo sikhokelela ekuhambeni nasekuhambeni kwezitho zamalungu omzimba, izifo zokuphefumula kunye neziphazamiso ezijikelezayo.

Ngokuxhomekeke kumthamo womoya kwindawo yesigxina, i-pneumothorax ephantsi, ephakathi kunye neyonke. Kwimeko yokugqibela, amaphepha eepomphu angaphantsi kwesiqingatha somqulu oqhelekileyo.

Izifo zesifo kubantwana

I-Pneumothorax kwiintsana zizalana ngokukhawuleza emva kokumbalwa kwembalwa. Kule meko, luhlobo lwesigulo eso. Ikhula ngokusasazeka kwemimopho, edla ngokubakho ngenxa yokungahambi kakuhle komntwana. Kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala, le meko ingaba yinkxalabo ye-pneumonia. Ebudaleni, loo ngxaki iyenzeka ngexesha lokukhwehlela kunye nokuhlaselwa kwesifo se-asthma.

I-Pneumothorax kubantwana abayikwazi ukuvela kwiklinikhi. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho ukuphela kwexesha elifutshane lokuphefumla, kwiimeko ezininzi kakhulu - i-cyanosis yesikhumba, ukuxinwa, ukunyamekela kwentliziyo. Imigaqo yonyango iyafana nabantu abadala.

Diagnostics

Ukuxilongwa okusemgangathweni kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu xa kunokwenzeka ukusola ukuba i-pneumothorax, kuba le meko ihlala iveza iingxaki. Ukuqinisekisa isi sifo, ukubonakala kwesigulane kudlala indima ekhethekileyo, evame ukudibanisa zonke iimpawu ze-pathology ezichazwe ngasentla. Ukongezelela, umntu unyanzelekile ukuba athathe isikhundla esithile (ukuhlala okanye ukuhlala ekhohlakeleyo), ke uxinzelelo kwisibilini esicacileyo asinakuvakalelwa.

Ukufumanisa uvavanyo lokuhlola okwenyama alaneleyo, ngoko ke izigulane zinikezwa i-radiography esifubeni ngenxa ye-pneumothorax. Yintoni na? Olu phofu luyazisa kakhulu kwaye lukuvumela ukuba ubone iindawo ezichaphazelekayo, emaphethelweni ephupheni yokulala.

I-radiography ayiyona ndlela yodwa yokuxilongwa. Ukuba kukho ukukrokra kwe-pneumothorax, i-tomography yekhompyutheni, ukuhlolwa kwegazi ngeegesi, kunye ne-electrocardiography nazo ziyalelwe.

Uncedo lokuqala

I-Pneumothorax ithathwa njengongxamiseko . Wonke umntu kufuneka akwazi ukubonelela ngoncedo oluphuthumayo kwixhoba: khulisa kuye, unikele ukufikelela kwiphepha le-oxygen, biza iqela labasebenzi bezonyango.

Ukuba kukho i-pneumothorax evulekileyo, ukugqoka kusetyenziswa ngendlela enokuthi unamathele isityholo kwisalathisi sternum. Kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo, ngokungabikho kwezixhobo ezinobumba, ungasebenzisa iindlela ezingalunganga (iikhati, i-T-shirt). Inxalenye ecocekileyo yeethambo kufuneka isetyenziswe ngqo kwilonda ngokwayo. Ukutywinza indawo echaphazelekayo, i-cellophane okanye i-polyethylene isetyenziselwa ukugqoka.

I-valve pneumothorax, isigulane sidinga ukutyhulwa kwegesi ukukhupha i-gas ezamahala, ukuphelisa ukufuduka kwamalungu omzimba kunye nokusasazeka kwemiphunga.

Kubalulekile ukululaza inkqubo yokuphefumula kwesigulane kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka kubekwe kwindawo ephakamileyo. Xa utyhafile, kufuneka uvelise umntu. Xa kungekho nto i-ammonia ekhona, inokuthi ithathelwe indawo nayiphi na isilwanyana kunye nevumba elimnandi (i-perfume, i-petroli). Emva kokuba uncedo lokuqala kufuneka lunikezwe iqela labasebenzi bezonyango.

Unyango esibhedlele

Izigulane ezine-pneumothorax mazivunyelwe esibhedlele. Esibhedlele, iingcali zenza i-pleural cavity, eshiya umoya ongaphezulu. Unyango ngqo luxhomekeke kwindlela ethile yesifo.

Ulwaphulo lwe-Conservative luyafaneleka kwimeko ye-pneumothorax encinane. Isigulane kufuneka sinikezele ukuphumla kwesibhedlele, ukuba kunyanzelekile, misela iyeza zentlungu.

Ngomlinganiselo ohlukileyo wesifo, umjelo ususelwa kwisigxina se-pleura. Oku kuyimfuneko ukukhusela ukusabela kokutshatyalaliswa kunye nokubuyiselwa kwemiphunga.

Ukuba isigulane sinomphunga ovulekile, uncedo olunikeziwe ngaphambi kokufika kweqela labasebenzi bezonyango lingasindisa ubomi bomguli. Umsebenzi ogqirha oogqirha kukuguqulela i-pathology kwifomu evaliweyo. Ukwenza oku, isilonda sutured, ngenxa yoko ukungena kwemoya kwintlambo yokumisa. Ukongezelela, iimpembelelo ezifana nezo zifunwa ukuxilongwa "kwepneumothorax" elandela.

Emva kokusebenza, isigulane sinconywa ukuba sishiye ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza ngokomzimba kwiiveki ezine. Iindiza zeenqwelo zendiza zivumelekile iintsuku ezili-14 ukususela ngomhla wokunyanga. Oogqirha bacebisa ukuba bangene kwi-diving nakwezinye imidlalo ezisebenzayo. Konke oku kubangela uxinzelelo lwamanzi.

Ukuxela emva kokuba unyango

Isiphumo sesi sifo sincike kakhulu kwixesha kunye nobulili besigulane, ubukho beengxaki kunye nezifo ezihambayo. I-pneumothorax, i-pulmonary pulmonary pulmonary, eyenzeka ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yezinto eziza kuzalwa, ibonakalisa isiphumo esihle.

Kwi-20% yamatyala, izigulane ziphinda ziphindwe kwakhona, ngakumbi ukuba zibangelwa zizifo eziphambili. Ingozi yimeko yomntu xa isigxina somlomo sizaliswa ngomoya ukusuka kumacala omabini. Ngokuqhelekileyo oku kubandakanya ukuhluleka kokuphefumula nokufa. Ifom ye-pneumothorax ibonakalisa imiphumo emihle kwi-50% kuphela yamatyala. Esi sibonakaliso sinyanzeliswe ngamandla ngokukhawuleza kunye nomgangatho wokuncedisa okokuqala.

Iingxaki ze-pneumothorax

Phantse isiqingatha sexhoba lesi sifo sibe neengxaki ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwabo, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo iphuma kumbindi wesikhalazo, apho amaninzi amaninzi aneempembelelo ezilungileyo. Ngenxa yokulahlekelwa igazi, oogqirha balungisa ukufa kwesigulane. Nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba kulungele imeko yesigulane, ingozi yomzimba kunye nokungaphumeleli kokuphefumula kwanda. Zombini ezi zizinto zisongela ukuphila.

Ngokwehlukahlukana okubuhlungu kwe-pneumothorax, kukho umngcipheko wokusuleleka kwilonda kunye nokubunjwa kwe- emphysema engaphantsi. Umoya ugxininisa kancane kumathambo anqamlekileyo, esele yimeko eyingozi. Enye inkxalabo yale ntsholongwane kukuvuvukala kweepalal of pleura. Ihamba kunye neklinikhi ekhazimulayo kwaye idinga unyango olululo.

Amanyathelo okukhusela

Izindlela ezithile zokukhusela izifo azikho. Ukuthintela le ntsholongwane, oogqirha bancoma ukunamathela kwimpilo yokuphila, ukuyeka imikhwa emibi, ukuphathwa kakubi ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nokuchitha ixesha elide ngaphandle.

Ukususela kwizinto ezikule nqaku, ufunde ukuba kutheni i-pneumothorax ikhula, yintoni na, ziphi iimpawu zayo eziphambili. Xa kukho iimpawu eziphambili ze-pathology, umntu akufanele akweswe. I-Pneumothorax ayikho isigwebo, ezininzi izigulane zijamelana ngokuphumelelayo nale ngxaki. Ukunyangwa kwexesha elifanelekileyo kunye nekhwalithi ephezulu kukuvumela ukuba unqande ukukhubazeka, kuthintela uphuhliso lweengxaki.