Intifada - an intshukumo Arabhu silwe. Yintoni Intifada

Impixano Arab-Israeli yenye yezona zinkulu abaxhobileyo kunye nepolitiki, kuba ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane ye kokuphazamisa imeko kuMbindi Mpuma. Intifada - le yenye ugqaliselo ezininzi iphawulekayo lo mzabalazo. Ebonakalisa ngokwayo izenzo lokungathobeli, kwaye inyathelo ngqo abaxhobileyo abalwayo. Makhe sibone oko kuthethwa intifada, yamlandela maxesha yakhe.

Imbali kwimpixano Arabhu-Israeli

Kodwa ke ukuba uqale ukuba ingcamango ngqo ngakumbi le meko leyo ekhokelele ukuvela kwalo mbutho, simele sijonge imbali ungquzulwano Arabhu-yakwaSirayeli.

Nangona ungquzulwano phakathi kwamaYuda Arabhu of Palestine eye yenzeka ukususela ekupheleni wons World Okokuqala, ubungakanani ngokwenene bafumana kuphela emva kokumiselwa imo kaSirayeli ngowe-1948. Ngokutsho lizakuya kusombululo UN kwi kumazwe namaPalestina ibandakanya ukudala imeko Arab, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu eziliqela lo mbono zange kusebenzise.

Sele lokuqala ubukho kaSirayeli, phantse onke amazwe Arabhu wala ukuwabona njengento imfundo esemthethweni. Ngowe-1947-1949, amaSirayeli kwakufuneka aye zomkhosi zimela ingqokelela sithi Arabhu. Isiphumo yaba luloyiso obeyisayo kwaSirayeli. Ukongeza ukuzimela, ilizwe elitsha yakwazi ukuba zifake eziliqela kwiindawo, eyenzelwe kwaye singadali sithuba karhulumente Arab ePalestina.

Kodwa kuphela ekuqaleni. Lilandelwa iingxabano ezintsha. Kwaye phantse zonke zakwaSirayeli Waloyisa kwaye udibanise amazwe ezintsha kumiwa yi Arabhu.

Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yee-80s phantsi umsebenzi lukaSirayeli ukuba phantse yonke indawo, ekuthi kujongwe ukuba ukudala imeko Arab kwi kumazwe Palestine. Ubudlelwane phakathi kwamaSirayeli nabemi ezinabantu ukuba iqine kakhulu, nto leyo edale ezona zinto zifuneka kuqala ibe ngumtshangatshangiso nokungahloniphi kunye ungquzulwano ezintsha exhobileyo. Okuninzi Umbutho PLO yadalwa 1967 esinenjongo lokuphelisa umbuso nomsebenzi (umzabalazo wezigalo nezopolitiko) kunye nokusekwa kwe-State ozimeleyo ePalestina.

Kakuhle eli elithi "intifada"

Ngoku, masifumanise kanye oko kuthethwa "intifada". Le mbono liguqulelwe ngokoqobo ukusuka Arabic njenge "kwimvukelo". Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi liye kufika ekupheleni kuka-imi- 80 yenkulungwane XX, xa ezinabantu yePalestina waqalisa intshukumo nokungahloniphi, similise ifom evulekileyo abaxhobileyo kunye nokuba abanqolobi omzabalazo.

Ngoko ke, lo intifada Arab - kwimvukelo-Arabhu yePalestina nawo amagunya elaliwumile.

IMVELAPHI Soweto

Njengokuba sele Wathi ngasentla, abemi Arab yePalestina isimo esibi kakhulu malunga abasemagunyeni umsebenzi wakwaSirayeli, kunye nabo, neliya kuthi, Babesoblwaya abantu balapha, ebona njengoko utshaba. Ngokutsho namaPalestina ngokwabo ukujonga ingcinezelo lolawulo Israeli baba yengcinezelo.

Nangoko, phambi kokuba kuqale intifada yokuqala, oko kukuthi phakathi ka-1987, ubulawe amaSirayeli ezimbalwa, enye yazo kuphela emkhosini. Le nyaniso ngakumbi eshushu, yaye isimo esibi kangaka. Yombhodamo wathabatha umlinganiswa abaninzi, yaye izenzo zobundlobongela oluboniswe omabini. Ingakumbi imeko kongasentla kwi eGaza Strip - Israeli awuthimba Territory Palestinian, ngomda neYiputa.

Kukudla komlilo wathulula nokwalelwa laseYiputa kunye eYordan ilizwe lasePalestina. Eso imeko apho Arabhu asekuhlaleni okunene akazange abe nawaphi na amalungelo ezopolitiko, iye igcinwe.

Le kuthandwa ukwandisa phakathi abemi ezinabantu yaqala ukufumana imibutho olukhulu "PIJ" yaye "ngeerokethi". Kodwa malunga nemisebenzi kunye PLO.

Ukuqala intifada yokuqala

intifada Palestine yaqala ngo December 1987. Lo iza kuba ukuphazamiseka Arabhu wakhonza kwingozi yemoto eyenzeka ngenxa yokuba kwenzeke ingozi evenini Israeli emkhosini nangelori, ukuthutha inani elikhulu basePalestina. Le ngozi waliphalaza gqitha balapha. I namaPalestina amukela iintlekele njengoko revenge ngabom phezu amaSirayeli.

Waqala uchulumanco mass. Ekuqaleni njengezixhobo nxamnye amaSirayeli, namaPalestina kusetyenziswa amatye kunye nezinye izinto lisondele; ngoko ke wesibini igama intifada - i "imfazwe yamatye".

inkqubela ngakumbi le intifada yokuqala

zomkhosi Israel ukuphendula amatye eziphaphazelayo kubo baqalisa ukuvula umlilo ejoliswe, nto leyo kuxhotyiwe le meko. Le mvukelo kukubi ibhanki ngasentshonalanga kweJordan, kwaye kwisiqingatha sesibini Disemba lafikelela iYerusalem, Khona oko akungxameleyo amaSirayeli uqwalasela ikomkhulu yayo.

I Intifada lokuqala Palestine kwaphawula inani elikhulu okugaya inxaxheba. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, amatye ngaphandle abavukeli baqalisa ukusebenzisa "cocktails Molotov" kunye imipu. Noko ke, umkhosi wakwaSirayeli kwafuneka izinto elihle kakhulu phezu bavukeli, nto leyo kuye, ekugqibeleni, ukuba zokumelana nazo.

Ngexesha kuvukela, ngokubulala malunga namawaka amabini Arabhu zasekuhlaleni 111 amaSirayeli.

izivumelwano uxolo

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba iziganeko intifada negalelo liqhekeke eluntwini Israeli. Abaninzi abakwaSirayeli babekulungele ukwenza umnyinyiva kwi namaPalestina ukuze silondoloze uxolo nokuthintela mfazwe kwixesha elizayo. Le meko iye yakhokelela ekubeni kwaSirayeli uloyiso unyulo "iqela uxolo" ukhokelwa Yitzhak Rabin.

Urhulumente Israeli wagqiba ukuthethana kunye neenkokeli basePalestina xa kobuso abameli PLO. Ngowe-1993, izivumelwano uxolo phakathi Yitzhak Rabin kunye PLO intloko Yasser Arafat utyikitye Oslo, okwaye kwabonelela ngenxa nokusekwa Authority Palestine. Esi siganeko ozakuthathwa kugqitywe intifada yokuqala.

IMVELAPHI intifada yesibini

Noko ke, le ntswela esisiseko phakathi amaSirayeli abahlali basePalestina - nokuba emva kokusayina Oslo - zange zibhangiswe, yaye kamva wakhonza yokuqala efunekayo ukuze kubekho impikiswano, eyaziwa ngokuba intifada yesibini.

Isizathu esesikweni kwimvukelo intsha ukutyelelwa Ariel Sharon ngo-2000, ukuya Temple Mount eJerusalem. NamaPalestina sabona kwesi siganeko ukugxojwa izivumelwano, nangona Israel wanyanzelisa ukuba, phantsi izivumelwano, ukufikelela kule ndawo yonqulo luvuleleke kubo bonke abantu abathi nayiphi inkolo.

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, uthe isiganeko wakhonza njengesixhobo kuphela, hayi ingcambu ingunobangela mvukelo entsha eyaziwa ngokuba intifada yesibini. Leyo igama elinye zamaSilamsi kwi Temple yaseNtabeni.

Ukuqala intifada yesibini

Le intifada yesibini (intifada yesibini) yaqala kunye zaqalwa ngoSeptemba 2000, ngenkqu yayo loo mini, xa kwakukho utyelelo nekulula Temple Mount. Le zaqalwa Ngosuku olulandelayo kakhulu kuyo amashumi amawaka abantu.

imikhosi karhulumente baye basebenzisa kubo imipu, nto leyo ikhokelele ngxwelerha ezininzi macala omabini. Kwakhona, abasemagunyeni bakwaSirayeli kusetyenziswa moya ukuba ebezihamba inani lamaziko Palestine labantu.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba intifada yesibini kwaSirayeli, ngokungafaniyo kuqala, waba sikhatshwe Ndilicukuceze omkhulu phakathi Arabhu kunye ngabemi wakwaSirayeli.

iziganeko elandelayo intifada yesibini

Ngelo xesha, intifada kwaSirayeli uye waba ngokukhawuleza kusenzeka. imibutho Palestine olukhulu ziqhuba uthotho abagrogrisi nxamnye amaSirayeli.

Imisebenzi labavukeli kakhulu zinxulumene ku-2002. Ukuphendula, umkhosi wakwaSirayeli baqhuba utyando "olufihlayo Shield", nto leyo ndakwazi ukuyeka phantse ngokupheleleyo intifada emdeni wakwaSirayeli efanelekileyo, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, waqhubeka izixholoxholo emazweni Palestine. Noko ke, kamva le mvukelo waqalisa ukwehla, kwaye ngo-2005 yaphela phantse ngokupheleleyo, nangona ezinye imithombo bakholelwa ukugqitywa yokugqibela intifada yesibini ngo-2008 kuphela.

Ngexesha ukungqubana phezu lonke ixesha ukusukela 2000 ngaphezulu kwe 3.100 namaPalestina kwaye phantse omnye amawaka amaSirayeli aye abulawa no-2005. Ukuba sicinga ekupheleni intifada ngowe-2008, inani lamaxhoba ziya kwandisa kakhulu. Phakathi namaPalestina, kuya kuba phantse ezintlanu amawaka, yaye phakathi Israyeli - 1,200.

Iziphumo intifada

Omabini la macala baqonda ukuba intifada - oku umendo kwintshabalalo, kuba ekwenzeni yezoqoqosho uSirayeli kunye neGunya Palestine wabona nokwehla kakhulu, singasathethi ke ilahleko yobomi. Ingakumbi hit kanzima kushishino lwezokhenketho, ngenxa yokuba abakhenkethi bambalwa ufuna ukuya kwilizwe apho imisebenzi esebenzayo emkhosini kuqhutywa.

Nangona kungekho kwimvumelwano esemthethweni phakathi namaPalestina kunye neenkokheli Israeli alikhange zisayiniwe, kodwa zombini zenza nenye. Ngoko ke, ngo-2005 i-State kaSirayeli urhulumente wagqiba on nokurhoxa lokugqibela evela eGaza Strip umkhosi wakwaSirayeli, abafuduki nolawulo. Ngenxa yoko, iinkokeli yenkcaso wasePalestina kwakhona negalelo kukwehla kwempixano longquzulwano.

Nangona kunjalo, la manyathelo, kwakunye kwisivumelwano emva kokuba Intifada yokuqala, ingxaki yonxulumano phakathi Arabhu amaSirayeli ndingenalo isigqibo, kodwa babuye barhwaqele kuphela imeko yangoku. Le mibutho kakhulu eziyingozi Palestine baye bagqiba ekubeni baqhubeke nomzabalazo, impendulo apho amaSirayeli ngo-2008 kwenziwa umsebenzi ekhethekileyo eGaza Strip.

Nini a intifada wesithathu?

Kumsitho ekupheleni kuka-2008 - ekuqaleni kuka-2009, umsebenzi umkhosi Israel eGaza Strip nxamnye umbutho "ngeerokethi", le yokugqibela ebizwa kwi Arabhu ukuze uqalise intifada wesithathu. Nangona kunjalo, inkxaso ethandwayo isibheno alizange labemi. Enyanisweni, omnye intifada wesithathu ayivulwanga.

Nangona kunjalo, xa kujongwa ukuba ibhola ezingangqinelaniyo ofumbileyo phakathi amaSirayeli kunye namaPalestina azifikelelwanga wabangela, sinokugqiba ukuba ngaba awuzithathi rhoqo eqatha, ungquzulwano omtsha lwezigalo phakathi uhlangothi ayinakuphepheka. Ngaphezu koko, imibutho emininzi namaPalestina bakholelwa ukuba intifada - le kuphela kwendlela eya ukuzimela.

Ubungqina oku kube ukuhlaselwa efanayo, ezibe ngokutsha yasungulwa-ngo-2012. Kuyathenjwa ukuba phakathi iinkokheli zombini amaSirayeli namaPalestina uza koyisa abo bantu nifuna uxolo oluthembekileyo elide iminyaka emininzi.