I-petroli ... Iindidi zepetroli, iimpawu zazo

Imoto yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yeendlela ezifuna ukunonyamekela nokuthotyelwa kweziphakamiso zokusebenza. Zibekwa ngumenzi kwaye ziboniswe ngokucacileyo ngendlela yohlu kwimiyalelo.

I-petroli, njengokuba uyazi, uphethiloli. Ubunjani bawo kunye neempawu ezisisiseko zixhomekeke kubude bemoto. Ukuba ukhethiweyo kukhethwe ngokuhambelana neemfuno zeenjini, injini iya kufuna ukulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa kwithuba elithile. Ngoko ke, ukusebenzisa i-petroli esemgangathweni kunye neempawu ezifunekayo, umqhubi unokunciphisa kakhulu indleko yokugcina imoto yakhe.

Namhlanje kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeoli kwi injini. Ngokweyiphi indlela eyahlukileyo, kuya kunceda ukuqonda iingcebiso zabathandana bemoto abanamava kunye nezobuchwepheshe. Yenza okulungileyo kulo mzekelo kuya kuba lula.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo

I-gasoline ngumxube ofunyenwe ngenxa ye- distillation yeoli. Yenzelwe iinjinjini zangaphakathi zomlilo. Ukugxekwa kwenkqubo kukunyanzeliswa. I-petroli "Ford", "Opel", "Lada", njl. Njl. Ingahluka kwizinto ezininzi. Oku kubangelwa ulwahlulo ekubunjweni kwamafutha.

I-petrooline ibilisa xa ishushulwa ukusuka kwi-28 ukuya kwi-215 ºС. Kukho iintlobo zeemoto kunye neentambo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iimfuno zokucoceka kwendalo yepetroli ziye zanda kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukubunjwa kwalo kwanciphisa inani lemveliso ye-sulfuri, kunye nama-hydrocarboni aqholiweyo.

Iimpawu eziphambili ezichonga indawo yokusetyenziswa kwezinto zokuhamba kweemoto ziyi-fractional composition, i-detonation kunye nokuzinza kweekhemikhali, uxinzelelo lwe-vapor egcweleyo, njl. Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge uhlobo oluthile, kufuneka uzifundele ngeendawo ezisisiseko zepetroli.

Ukuxhatshazwa kwenkunkuma kunye nenombolo ye-octane

Ilangatye injini iyazisa ngokuqhelekileyo kwisantya se-20-30 m / s. Kwezinye iimeko, inokunyuka kakhulu (ukuya kwi-1500-2500 m / s). Kule nkalo, i-detonation iyenzeka. Ichaphazela ukusebenza kwenjini. Utshangatshangiso lwakhiwa, oludala i-petroli. "Opel", "Peugeot", "Mercedes" okanye imoto nayiphi na enye impawu xa imeko iqala ukuchitha imali.

Ukunqunywa kwamandla kunciphisa amandla enjini. Ngelo xesha, iiphini zaso zokukhupha kunye neepiston ziya kutshisa. Ukubonakalisa ukuchaswa kwepetroli ukutshatyalaliswa, sebenzisa inombolo ye-octane. Ukuyigqiba kwinkqubo yokuphuhlisa nokudala i-petroli, umenzi wenza iimvavanyo phantsi kweemeko ezilukhuni kunye nokukhanya.

Izindlela zokumisela inombolo ye-octane

I-petroli yipetroli leyo, xa injini isebenza, ixutyushwa ngomoya kwindawo ethile. Inombolo ye-octane inokumiselwa ngeendlela ezimbini ezibalulekileyo. Olu uphando kunye nendlela yokuhamba. Kwimeko yokuqala, iimvavanyo zenziwa kwimizi ephantsi, kwaye kwisibini - kwiqondo eliphezulu kunye neqondo lokushisa.

Ngokweendlela zokuvavanya, iintlobo zepetroli ziyahlula zibe ngamaqela angama-2. Ookuqala kubo unokufumana incwadi "AND" ekumakaleni. Oku kuthetha ukuba inombolo ye-octane yasungulwa usebenzisa indlela yophando. Ukuba ukumakisha kubandakanya ileta "A", oku kuthetha ukuba umda wokutshatyalaliswa wawulinganiswe yindlela yokuhamba. Inombolo ye-octane ingasetwa yiendlela ezimbini ngelo xesha. Ukumakishwa kweli phepha kunobumba "AI".

Ukwahlulelwa nge-octane inombolo

Ukumiselwa kwisitishi segesi nombuzo othi "yiyiphi ipetroli engcono kakhulu ethululelwa kuyo injini," kufuneka sicinge ngokuhlelwa kwamanani e-octane. Isekelwe kwindlela yokwenza uphando.

Ngokutsho kwakhe, kukho iindidi ze-petroli. Kukho "okuqhelekileyo-80", "rhoqo-92", kwaye "u-Super-98" kunye ne "Premium-95". Ngaphandle kwe-AI-80, inguqulo yokuqala yenzelwe iinjinjini zerori.

Esikhundleni sokukhokela i-petroli- A-93 kwiimoto ezihamba ngeenqwelo namhlanje kunesiko lokufaka isicelo "rhoqo-92". Kwiimoto zasemzini, injini eyenziwa ngokubhekiselele kwimilinganiselo yonke yaseYurophu kunye neemfuno, kuyinto yesiko ukusebenzisa "Super-98" okanye "Premium-95". Eli mafutha anako ukwandisa ubomi benjini injini yemoto yangaphandle, kwaye idibana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno eziphezulu zokusingqongileyo.

Umgangatho wepetroli

Abanikazi beemoto zangaphandle, umzekelo, iMercedes, Ford, Peugeot, i-petroli apho kufuneka ihlangabezane nemigangatho ephakamileyo yaseYurophu, iphazamiseka yimicimbi yokuphucula umgangatho wepetroli zasekhaya.

Elizweni lethu kukho umgangatho wokuphucula umgangatho wepetroli kunye nenombolo ye-octane ngoncedo lwezibonelelo ezizodwa. Ezi zixhobo ze-antiknock. Ukuthintela ukwakheka kwekhabhoni kwi-injini, zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ne-extractor.

Iimpawu zokukhusela i-antiknock ziqulethe. Ukuphuma kwinjinjini ngokukhupha i-gesi, ezi zinto zingena kwindawo leyo, zityhefu. Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa kobuchwephesha obunjalo kuyindlela ephikisayo. Kungcono ukuqala ukuthenga i-petroli esemgangathweni esemgangathweni, ehlangabezana neemfuno zendalo.

Ikhethi ekhethiweyo

Ukuzama ukukhetha i-petroli engcono kwimoto yakho, abaqhubi abaninzi benza iimpazamo. Umenzi ngamnye ulinganisela umqhubi ngomhlobo othile womxube. Ukuba yonke inkqubo, iiproprocessors kunye neenzwa zenzelwe i- "Premium-95", injini ayinakukwazi ukusebenza ngokugcwele kwi-"Normal-80".

Kule meko, inzwa yokutshatyalaliswa phantsi kwemithwalo, ukukhawuleza ngokukhawuleza kuya kusebenza rhoqo. Oku kubangela ukuba i-motor isebenze ngokungaqhelekanga, iyanciphise i-dynamics yayo. Ukuba i- knock sensor ayisebenzi kakuhle, inyunithi yamandla ingaphaya. I-valve kunye neepiston zichithelwa ngokukhawuleza. Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kuqala ukwanda. Ukulungiswa kweenjini kunye nezinye iinkqubo ziya kuba neendleko ezingaphezu kokuhlala zihlala zihamba ngeemoto kunye nepetroli yeklasi efunekayo.

Indlela yokuvavanya umgangatho we-petroli?

Abathengisi abangenabulungisa banokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali zombane ukuze bafumane inzuzo enkulu. Ukuze kungabi yixhoba lokukhohliswa, kuyimfuneko ukuthenga amafutha kumaphumeli athembekileyo.

I-petroli, njengokuba uyazi, izinto eziphathekayo apho ukusebenza komoto kuxhomekeke khona. Ngomgangatho walo awukwazi ukugcinwa. Ukuhlola kungenziwa yedwa. Ukwenza oku, uphethiloli uthululwa kwisitya sokungabonakali. Inkunkuma kufuneka ibe yilephu ebomvu ngaphandle kwee-mix mix.

Ukuba ungeze i-manganese kwi-tank, i-fuel should not turn pink. Ngaphandle koko, utshintsho lombala lubonisa ukuhluthwa ngamanzi. Kwezinye izitishi zegesi, i-petroli inemibala eyahlukeneyo ukwenzela ukuba ugweme iifake.

Ukuba ubeka ifonti yamatye entendeni uphinde uyiguqule, akufuneki kubekho ulandelelwano oluninzi. Ngaphandle koko, oku kubonisa ukuxutywa kwe-diesel fuel. Kwakhona, nayiphi na iphunga, engabonakaliyo kwimveliso ye-petroleum, kufuneka ixakeke.

Iipropati zeMichiza ze petroli enhle

Ukukhangela impendulo kumbuzo wobukhulu be-petroli kufuneka uthululwe kwi-tank, kufuneka ufunde ngokucophelela incwadi yokufundisa. Ezi parameters zichazwe ngokucacileyo ngumenzi walolu xwebhu.

Xa kushisa, inani elikhulu lokushisa kufuneka likhutshwe. Kwaye iimpawu ze-thermodynamic mazibe ziphezulu. Ubungakanani bepetololin buyekezwa ngokulula ngeepayipi kunye neendlela zeenjini. Esi sibonakaliso akufanele sinciphise kwiimeko zokushisa aphantsi, uthuli. Isilinganiso sokuphuphuma kwamanzi sivumela ukugcinwa kwexesha elide kunye nokuqinisekisa ukutshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza ngelixa injini isebenza.

Kwakhona imveliso emihle ikhusela imimiselo yenkqubo kwi-corrosion. I-modern-quality fuel to all else should be friendly environment. Izinto zokubola azifanele zityhefu imo.

Umbono wo bungcali

Ukuthenga i-petroli yekhwalithi ephezulu, iingcali zicebisa ukuba zihambelane nenani leengcebiso. Oku kuya kuthintela inkohliso kwinxalenye yabathengisi, gcina injini isebenza ixesha elide. Okokuqala, kufuneka uqaphele igama lomququzeleli. Kwizikhululo zegesi ezixabisa igama labo, azize zithengise i-petroli yezantsi.

Kwiindawo ezinjalo zokuthengiswa kwamafutha, kufuneka kube nekona lomthengi, kunye namaxwebhu afanelekileyo athengise i-petroli. Nangona kudala, kodwa ukulungiswa kwezinga eliphezulu, ukulungiswa kuyenziwa, kukho imakisha ehambelanayo, iimpawu zokulumkisa kunye nempawu.

Iindleko eziphantsi ezingekho ngokungavumelekanga zepetroli kufuneka zithuthumele. Ngomgangatho wale mveliso, njengoko sele ikhankanywe ngasentla, akufanelekile ukugcina.

Ukuqwalasela iingcebiso zeengcali kunye neeteknoloji, kunokugqitywa ukuba i-petroli iyinxalenye ye-injini yangaphakathi yomlilo, ngokukhetha ngokuchanekileyo okuxhomekeke kubude be-injini.