I-Patagonia ... Uqoqosho, imozulu kunye nezilwanyana

I-Patagonia yindawo engaphantsi kweMzantsi Melika, yahlula phakathi kwamazwe amabini: iChile neArgentina. Kule nqaku, siza kuthetha ngemozulu, ezoqoqosho, iiflethi, imfuyo, kunye nemimandla yeendawo eziyingqayizivele kunye nemibala.

Iimangalisayo iPatagonia: ifoto kunye nenkcazo emfutshane

Abaninzi abaselula babesifunda i-adventure esebenza ngumbhali uJules Verne. Ngokukodwa, incwadana ethi "Abantwana beCaptain Grant", echaza umhlaba omangalisayo wePatagonia. Le yintsimi ye-South American steppes engenamida, apho iintaba ze-Andean zihlala khona.

I-Patagonia iyahlula phakathi kwamazwe amabini - eChile naseArgentina. Kwaye uhlobo lwamaPatagonia aseChile kwiintlobo ezininzi luhluke kwimeko yaloo mali yase-Argentina. Okokuqala, oku kukuxhalabisa impawu yokhuseleko kunye nemozulu.

I-Chilean Patagonia - iintsika eziphakamileyo zekhephu eziphakamileyo, iiflord bays, imilambo enqabileyo kunye namanzi amaninzi. Kodwa iPatagonia yaseArgentina inomhlaba onobuqili obunezityalo ezinqabileyo, apho kukho umoya oqinileyo nobandayo.

Ngendlela, le nxalenye yelizwekazi laseMzantsi Melika yathintela iilensi zekhamera zeprogram ye-TV Gear (i-special gear "iTagagonia", 2014). Eli xesha uJames May, uJeremy Clarkson noRichard Hammond bavavanya iimoto zabo kwiindlela ezivela ePampa.

I-Patagonia i ... I-geography kunye nemida

Le yindawo yodwa kuMhlaba apho kummandla wasempumalanga welizwekazi ungabona intlango yangempela, ngaphandle kwebhanti yezotrophu. Uphi iPatagonia? Ngaba i-geographer ichitha imida yayo?

I-Patagonia itholakala kwingxenyana esezantsi eMzantsi Melika (ekumzantsi we-40 efana ne-Southern Hemisphere). Yonke le mhlaba ayinabantu abemi kwaye ihlala yindawo ephilileyo, eninzi ne-spiny thorn ety grass. Empuma, iPatagonia iyanqumla ngokukhawuleza amanzi asebandleni aseAtlantic, kwaye ngasentshonalanga - ihlangene neentaba zeentaba zase-Andean eziphezulu.

Izazinzulu zihlala zixubusha malunga nendlela yokuhamba umda wasenyakatho wePatagonia. Abaninzi bee geographer bakholelwa ukuba imida yale ndawo yendawo yimilambo iRio Colorado neBio-Bio. Emazantsi, ePatagonia, iindawo zengqungquthela iTerra del Fuego ngamanye amaxesha zibandakanya .

Imbali kunye nemvelaphi yegama

Eli lizwe likhankanywe okokuqala kwizinto zokuhamba kohambo lwehlabathi lonke likaFernand Magellan. KwiPatagonia, amalungu ohambo lwadibana "nabantu abade ngokungaqhelekanga" ngokuphakama kwama-centimitha angama-180. Khumbula ukuba kwi-Middle Ages ukukhula okuphakathi kweYurophu kwakunemitha engama-1,55 kuphela. KwakunguMagellan obizwa ngokuba ngabemi bendawo "abahlali", emva koko eli gama lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza yonke indawo.

Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX, la mazwe ayengabani na. Apha ahlala kwizizwe zamaNdiya, awayeka kude emva kokuphuhliswa kwiiYurophu nakwezinye izizwe ezahlala eMelika. Kamva, abavela kwamanye amazwe abavela eWales baqala ukuvela apha, abasungula ubudlelwane bezorhwebo nabahlali.

Ukususela phakathi kwekhulu le-XIX, inzala ePatagonia yaqala ukubonisa amaChile. Ngowe-1848, basungula idolophu yasePunta Arenas echweba ukulawula i- Straits of Magellan. Ngowe-1881, iinkokheli zezi zimbini (iChile neArgentina) zanquma ukwabelana ngemimandla emininzi yabantu basePatagonia. Le nkqubo yahlala malunga nekhulu leminyaka. Phakathi kwamazwe kukho iingxabano ezininzi malunga nokuba ngubani omele abe nalo okanye loo ndawo. Ezi mpikiswano zaphantse zikhokelela ekuxabaneni ngo-1978. Nangona kunjalo, uPapa wangenelela kwimeko, ukuphoqa amazwe omabini ukuba agqibe isivumelwano soxolo nobungane.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zokukhutshwa kwePatagonia

Uninzi lwePatagonia lugcinwe yiPatagonian plateau - i-monotonous, i-hilly kwaye ayinayo imithombo yamanzi engapheliyo. I-geologically, iqulethwe ngamatye ase-basaltic kunye needestary. Isiseko sokuqhambela phambili sisondela kumhlaba kuphela kwinxalenye esemantla yePatagonia.

Esi sicwangciso se-orographic, i-plateau iphulwe ngamakhanki kunye nemingxuma kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezifana neendawo zokuphakama. Phakathi kwabo ngamanye amaxesha kuqhutywe amanzi aphilileyo kunye nee-rivulets.

Unxweme olusempuma yePatagonia lukhulu, ngoko ke aluyikukhungatheka kwiinqanawa ezinkulu. Izikhokelo zamatye kwiNxweme yeAtlantiki apha ngezinye izihlandlo zifikelela kwiikhilomitha ezilikhulu ukuphakama. Ngasentshonalanga, i-Patagonian plateau ihlukanisa umgodi ovela kwi-Andes, ehlala kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye neelwandle ezininzi.

Iimpawu zemozulu

Imozulu yasePatagonia iyomile, nangona iindawo zokuhamba. Inyani kukuba yonke imvula inokufika apha esuka e-Pacific Ocean. Nangona kunjalo, endleleni eya entshonalanga yamanzi yolwandle yindawo ephakamileyo yeentaba ze-Andes, ezithatha phantse zonke izilwanyana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufuphi nxweme elisempuma lasePatagonia kukho intlapho ebandayo yaseFalkland, eyona yandisa ukoma kommandla wendawo. Ngomnyaka we-Patagonia ufumana ukususela kwi-150 (empuma) ukuya ku-400 (ngasezantsi kwe-Andes) iimitha zemitha zamanzi.

Ixesha lonyaka lihluke kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zasePatagonia. Ngoko, ngasenyakatho kommandla, kwintlambo yaseRio Negro, ihlobo liyatshisa ngokwaneleyo, kwaye ezantsi epholile. Ebusika, kwintsimi yasePatagonia, amaqabunga afikelela kuma--30 degrees angabonwa.

Ngaloo ndlela, imozulu yasePatagonia ayinakulungeleka kubomi babantu kunye nokulima okusebenzayo. Ukucwina, imimoya yokuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqho, iziqhumane ezinqabileyo zekhephu ebusika - zezi zizathu eziphambili zokuba kutheni le ndawo iye yahlala ikhulu kangangeenkulungwane.

Imifuno kunye nezilwanyana zasemaphandleni

Izimo zemozulu azikho kakuhle ekukhuleni kwezityalo kwindawo. Kukho phantse ihlathi elisePatagonia. Iimpawu zodwa zifunyenwe kuphela kwinqanaba leentaba zase-Andean, apho kukho inani elaneleyo lokuntwa kwamanzi. Amanye asePatagonia yindawo enqabileyo yenkangala ebanjwe ingca engqabileyo kunye nezihlahla ezinzima.

Abameli be-Classical of the Patagonian flora yi-Argentine bluegrass, intsiba, u-fescue kunye ne-fescue. Kukho iipereji eziphambili kunye neenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo. Emazantsi ungayifumana imimandla yama-mosses nama-lichens. Kulapha ukuba ummandla wee-steppes owomileyo waseMzantsi Melika udlulela kwindawo ye-tundra.

Ihlabathi lezilwanyana zasePatagonia libi kakhulu. Abameli abakhethekileyo bezilwanyana zasemaphandleni base-guanaco, i-nandu, i-hummingbird, i-puma, kunye neentaka ze-condor. Ephantse kwiindawo zokuhlamba izilwanyana kunye nezinye iintlobo zeentaka zamanzi. Kwiziqithi ezisenzantsi zePatagonia, unokubona iipenguins.

Ubemi, uqoqosho kunye nophuhliso lommandla

Ubungakanani bemihlali yabantu basePatagonia buphantsi kakhulu - abantu aba-2 kuphela kwikhilomitha nganye yendawo. Iindawo zokuhlala zommandla zijoliswe kwiiplabathi ezimbalwa zomlambo.

Imithombo ephezulu yentlawulo yabemi basekuhlaleni kubhenketho kunye nolimo. I-patagonia ikhusela ngokubanzi iigusha, ezoboya zabo zidayiswa apha kakhulu kakhulu. Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, abasomashishini abakhulu baye bathengela iifama ezizalisayo zeegusha ePatagonia, kwaye ziye zazihlaziya ngokutsha. Ukuveliswa kwemveliso kwimimandla ayinakuphuhliswa ngenxa yeengxaki ezinkulu zokunkcenkceshela kwamazwe. Abemi beNxweme yasePatagonia banokubamba inhlanzi ukusuka elwandle.

UKhenketho luhlala luyingxenye ebalulekileyo yoqoqosho lwengingqi. Kwaye kuphuhliswe ngakumbi kwiCapean Patagonia. Inxalenye ye-Argentina yipaki kazwelonke "Los Glaciares", ebhalwe phantsi kwiLungelo leNgugu leMveli ye-UNESCO. Ukutyelela ePatagonia akuyikudala kuphela imisebenzi emitsha, kodwa ixhasa nenkcubeko kunye nemisebenzi yezendalo zabantu baseMerika.

Isiphelo

I-Patagonia yinkqantosi engavamile kunye nemibala yeplanethi yethu. Unzima kwaye ngelo xesha lizwe elihle kakhulu. Abavakhenkethi beza apha batyelele i-Fitzroy National Park, bona i-glacier i-gritoose i-Perito Moreno ngokwabo, kwaye bahlambe emkhombeni, xa becinga ngeentlanzi ezintle kunye ne-fjords.