IVolga Federal District: ekwakhiweni, iindawo, imimandla

KuLawulo Russian kwahlulelana kungekhona kuphela ukuzimela, intsimi, imimandla nasemazweni, kodwa kwizithili federal (lizuze). Zizonke 7. Iingcali ezininzi alatha iVolga Federal District. Zeziphi ezi nkcukacha leeyunithi indawo enjalo? Yintoni eyahlukileyo kwezinye iingingqi iVolga Federal District na? Uphawu loqoqosho yayo, ubukhulu neempawu kuphuhliso yembali izixeko eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Yintoni District Federal

IVolga Federal District - unit yezolawulo Russia, kwakheka ngenxa kuphuculo lwesakhiwo ndawo eli lizwe, olwenziwa kowama-2000. Iikhosi nguqulelo kwasekwa izithili ezisi-7 federal (lizuze), kwindawo entsha - ummeli plenipotentiary yentloko karhulumente ngasinye kwezi maqumrhu indawo. Kukholelwa ukuba olu tshintsho wawenzelwe ukuqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu inxaxheba kwezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko kwimimandla Russia. Reform kwakhokelwa kwisithuba ukuyilwa entsha, yahlukile imigaqo eSoviet kwenkqubo yolawulo, imodeli federalism.

Urhulumente, njengokuba ezinye iingcali zikholelwa, akunakwenzeka isigqibo: ukunika imimandla inkululeko engakumbi yaye mayibekwe ulawulo eMoscow. Ngenxa yoko, nathi ve kwizibhambathiso: baye bagqiba ukwenza izakhiwo zolawulo ezongezelelweyo phakathi kwezahlulo zemali eyinkunzi kunye ngabalawulwa nakwiimanyano ezichaphazelekileyo. Kwathi kanti loo ndawo imimandla, kwelinye icala, baba kakhulu ezimeleyo, kwelinye - sanyanzeleka ukuba athobele iimfuno kwezifundo angabamelwane le Federation, leyo kwisithili efanayo.

Ukugxekwa kwenkqubo kwizithili yase

I-Russian uluvo iingcali Atmosphere malunga ukungafezeki units indawo yolawulo, ezo yahlulwe ene Russia. IVolga Federal District - akukho ngaphandle. amaxesha amaninzi ezi ngongoma lwembono kuchazwe kowama-2000, kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kokuba inkqubo kwisiphaluka yaziswa nguMongameli. Enye yeengxoxo abahlalutyi - ukungangqinelani eli phulo, uMongameli semimiselo siseko. Ngokukodwa, emyalelweni ephambili lizwe wathi isigqibo wokuhlaziya inkqubo yolawulo-sendawo Russia ekunokuthi kusekelwe kuphela kwimithetho federal, kodwa hayi imimiselo kamongameli. Nangona isithili zasekwa njengoko ixesha umongameli. Enye indawo apho sinikele ingqalelo ukugxekwa - nemisebenzi kaMongameli omele kwizithili federal. UMgaqo-siseko, bakholelwa akukho lizwi ngendlela amagunya intloko umbuso kuguqulwa noo- imisebenzi mbuzo.

Utshintsho Ministry of Internal Affairs kwezithili yase

NgoMeyi 2014, uMongameli Russian iye yenziwa ukuba kubekho uhlengahlengiso kwenxenye kwenkqubo amagunya karhulumente ngaphakathi kwizithili federal. Wahlasela izakhiwo Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. KwisiThili Federal aba ulawulo engundoqo (SU) yoMphathiswa Interior. Abasemagunyeni bagqiba ukunciphisa ezi zikhundla ngenxa yesinye isigqibo karhulumente ukuseta nani liphezulu labasebenzi yoMphathiswa Interior, ogama umsebenzi inkxaso-mali karhulumente - kwesigidi esi-1 113 amawaka 172 abantu .. Ngenxa yoko, ngokuxhomekeke ukupheliswa-Ofisi yoMphathiswa kwisiThili Federal (ngaphandle leMicimbi Uphando Russian Federation kwi North abaseAfrika Federal District). Main Department of Internal Affairs kwi iVolga Federal weSithili, kwakunye nezakhiwo ezifanayo kwiMpuma Ekude, eSiberia, i Urals, Kumbindi, South kunye North-West Russia zaye zipheliswe. Abasebenzi kula masebe zathathwa abasebenzi kwaye kwafuneka ukuba aphinde kwakhona uvavanyo, iziphumo zalo ziya isigqibo ngomsebenzi wabo elizayo.

isakhiwo indawo

Yintoni ephawulekayo iVolga Federal District? Okokuqala, amatyotyombe olukhulukazi ezaziwayo. Uninzi imizi emikhulu ye iVolga Federal District: ubuhle, Samara, Kazan yeyokukhulisa, edume eNizhniy Novgorod, Perm kunye Ufa 'iindwendwe. Ukongeza, kukho inani elikhulu ngokwaneleyo lezifundo yase iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kumafa yayo. Sibala engundoqo. Iindawo iVolga Federal yeSithili - a laseKirov, Orenburg, Samara, Penza, Nizhny Novgorod, Saratov kunye Ulyanovsk. Njengenxalenye kwisithili kukho 6 republic zesizwe: Bashkortostan (capital - Ufa), Mordovia (iziko lolawulo - Saransk), Tatarstan (isixeko eziphambili - Kazan), Mari El (ikomkhulu weRiphabliki - Yoshkar-Ola), Udmurtia kunye Chuvashia (apho ikomkhulu - Izhevsk kunye Cheboksary ngokulandelelana). I-District Federal iVolga ubunjwe ngokuba Perm.

umnotho

IVolga Federal District, eziyinxalenye ezithile megacities, kunye nemimandla resource-sisityebi, yinkokeli phakathi kwezinye weSithili ngokwemiqathango kwimveliso mveliso, nokuba ngaphambi Central, apho kukho eMoscow. amacandelo Main - isakhiwo ngomatshini, amafutha kunye nezintsonkothileyo amandla. Iinkokeli kushishino - kummandla laseKirov, Udmurtia, Chuvashia, Mordovia.

A isabelo ebonakalayo kuqoqosho wesithili abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo (ingakumbi Tatarstan, Nizhny kummandla Novgorod, kummandla Perm). kushishino ukukhanya (Mari El, ummandla Penza) yenziwe kakuhle. District Economy, ngokutsho kwezinye bezimali, okwenza ummandla omnye kakhulu nomtsalane kubatyali-mali.

Imilambo namachibi

I-District Federal iVolga ise elisengqayini yemilambo inkulu yaseYurophu - iVolga. Iqala kwi Valdai engatshiyo encinane, kwaye ingena kungena kuLwandle lweCaspian. Ubude omlambo -. Ngaphezulu kwe-3.5 amawaka km. IVolga kwezindawo indawo - ngaphezulu kwe-1.6 yezigidi macala onke. km.

In iVolga Federal weSithili kukho ezininzi amachibi, ngenxa yabo siqhubeka amashumi amawaka. Abaninzi kubo Tatarstan (malunga 8 amawaka.), Bashkortostan (2 amawaka.), Kwi Chuvash Republic (750), malunga namawaka - kummandla laseKirov, 689 ifumaneka kwi-Republic of Mari El.

Kazan

Imimandla ye iVolga Federal District kokuqala kakhulu. Kazan - elinye lamaziko abakhenkethi enkulu eRashiya, omnye zixeko edumileyo eRashiya ehlabathini.

Unyaka isiseko Kazan, njengako eyamkelekileyo ngokubanzi nobungqina bezinto zakudala - th 1005. City ibonakala njengenqaba ye iVolga Bulgaria. Kuba okwesihlandlo sokuqala yeziKronike Russian okhankanywe Kazan ngo-1177. Esi sixeko saba kwelinye lamaziko amakhulu ashishinayo kunye nezopolitiko Golden mkhosi. Ngowe-1438 wafumana ubume elikomkhulu Kazan Khanate. Ngowe-1552 th isixeko yoyiswa umkhosi Ivana Groznogo kunye olubekwe eRashiya. Ngowe-1708 waba likomkhulu kwiphondo Kazan.

Namhlanje, lo mzi - enye iqhosha kuqoqosho Russian, lo ethno-zenkcubeko iziko odumileyo. Lo moya ngamazwe inxulumanisa isixeko kunye kwiindawo ezininzi eRashiya nakwamanye amazwe. E Kazan, kukho phantse kuzo zonke iintlobo zezithuthi zikawonke-wonke, kubandakanywa i-metro. Esi sixeko likhaya bezizwe kwama-100. iilwimi ezisemthethweni apha - Russian kunye Tatar.

laseKirov

LaseKirov - isixeko kunye umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu zoshishino. Ngokutsho izibalo ze-Institute of System Studies Enterprise Issues in 2012 kummandla laseKirov iye ube yinkokeli phezu ezahlukeneyo indicators. Nangakumbi, lo mmandla uhamba phambili kwi inani kumashishini amancinci ngalinye 100 amawaka abemi zabantu -. Qinisa iiyunithi 220. ummandla laseKirov uhamba phambili kwenani labantu abasebenza kumashishini amancinane. Inqanaba lotyalo-mali lwamashishini amancinci nganye capita yi amaxesha ngaphezulu amabini ngaphezulu kune-avareji Russian (ngakumbi - kuphela kummandla Penza).

isixeko laseKirov amakhulu eminyaka. Unyaka isiseko salo - in th-1181. De 1457 yayisaziwa ngokuba Vyatka ukuya 1781-th - njani Khlynov. Igama yanamhlanje laloo mzi efunyenweyo ngo-1934. Kumaxesha Soviet, laseKirov yayigqalwa yokuhlala semi-closed yenani elikhulu lwamashishini ibekwe kwicandelo ukuzikhusela. Umzi ivuliwe iindwendwe ezivela eRashiya ezivela kwamanye amazwe.

Nizhny Novgorod

Nizhny Novgorod - sixeko sikhulu iVolga Federal weSithili kunye enye edumileyo eRashiya. Yasungulwa ngo-1221 yi-Prince kaYuri Vsevolodovich. Igama kwinguqulelo yokuqala kungenxa ubume obuphantsi ngokuphathelele Veliky Novgorod, ngomhla wesibini - ngokunxulumene nenye isixeko enegama elifanayo elingaphezu iVolga. Ngexesha Mongol-Tatar idyokhwe eRashiya, Nizhny Novgorod ingazeki kakuhle kakhulu. Kodwa emva kokuba bahlaseli khutshelwa ngaphandle elizweni Russian, waqala ukuba ngokukhawuleza, ngokufuthi lwabhiyozelwa zemihla ngemihla. Abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba ngexesha ubukho Nizhny Novgorod ubulawuli (kwiminyaka 1341-1392) isixeko kulungela ubume kwikomkhulu Russian, njengoko kwakunjalo bakwazi ukukhuphisana eMoscow yaseTver. Ngowe- 1612 iindonga i Nizhny Novgorod yesicelo ekuqaleni intshukumo-mkhosi, ikhokelwa ngu Minin kunye Pozharsky, leyo ekhulula ilizwe lethu ukususela abahlaseli Polish-Lithuanian. Ngowe-1722, iminyaka yayo yamashumi amahlanu kolu Nizhny Novgorod yabhiyozela * uKhesare uPeter Omkhulu. Apha wahlala le ngqondi Russian Kulibin, Lobachevsky, eDamasko, utitshala Kuzhelev, mbali mhambi Ilyinsky Baranschikov. City watyelela A. S. Pushkin. imifanekiso yakhe iin- kwiindawo angumqondiso e Nizhny Novgorod, wachaza ngo "evgeniya Onegina" izahluko. Ukususela 30 de Ukuwa kweUSSR esi sixeko ogama lakhe behlonipha umbhali A. M. Gorkogo. Ngoku Nizhny Novgorod - elinye lamaziko zoshishino eRashiya. Legendary umlando nenkcubeko kwenza indawo yokhenketho edumileyo kwaye ikratshi Nizhny Novgorod ngokwabo.

cluster football Volzhsky

IVolga Federal District, ukwakhiwa kweengongoma ezahlukileyo ze oluthi luqokelelane yenye kakhulu kwezoqoqosho kuphuhliswa kwimimandla Russia uza kubamba iNdebe yeHlabathi yeFIFA ukuba kubanjwa ngo-2018 eRashiya. izixeko abaliqela lizuze ziya kuba yinxalenye ekuthiwa-iVolga Cluster - a yeMetro zokuhlala, nto leyo iya kwakhelwa amabala kwimidlalo ye lobuntshatsheli.

Phakathi kwezi zixeko Nizhny Novgorod, Samara, Kazan kunye Saransk. Xa abaninzi kubo izibonelelo ekhatywayo yakhiwe ukusuka ekuqaleni. IVolga Federal weSithili isixeko ngaloo ukwaziwa kuphela eRashiya kodwa ehlabathini lonke. Kuhleli ukuba yakhiwe ethile emangalisayo kunye nokuqala wokhuphiswano.