Ebola virus: indlela yokudlulisa. Ebola: i iimpawu eziphambili

Ukutyhubela lonke ixesha ikhona, abantu ayikho nje yayisecicini yokutshabalala. Ulula Homo sapiens bezempilo baboniswa rhoqo imiba eyahlukeneyo asinakukucima uluntu ebusweni bomhlaba kanye nabo bonke.

Ngokusebenzisa enameva - ekubeni kuvele

A sisibetho esibulalayo, abamnyama ingqakaqa virus usuleleko yabantu (AIDS), ikholera kunye nezinye yamashwa mercilessly ukuchetywa phantsi abantu kangangeenkulungwane. Ukongeza, iintlekele zemvelo, ezifana iitsunami, iinyikima zomhlaba kunye mlilo, ngenkuthalo, ukuba kuchitha, okanye ubuncinane ukunciphisa inani labantu. Kodwa abantu baza ngokuthe ngcembe aselumelwaneni nganeno ngaseludinini ubomi nokufa, ukoyisa zonke imiqobo emi ngendlela yophuhliso yayo ngempumelelo.

ukuhlaliswa kwabantu Tiny ngcembe yaba sixeko, shuttles isithuba moya esithubeni, amaMelika bahlale okwethutyana phezu kwenyanga, yaye izazinzulu ziye owasungula inani elikhulu lwamachiza phantse kuzo zonke izifo. Ngaphezu koko, indawo ekhethekileyo amayeza nokuhlala zokugonya lokuphinda izilwa efanelekileyo abantu kwizifo ezifana nemasisi, toxoplasmosis, rubella, umkhuhlane, njalo-njalo.

Emandleni Test

Kubonakala ngathi abantu baye bafumanisa isitshixo empilweni angoyiswa intsholongwane singanyangekiyo. Kodwa ikhona! A ingozi entsha ukufa, ogama - Ebola. Yintoni na: yintsholongwane mutated, uphuhliso ezintsha izixhobo eziphilayo, bebe evela emajukujukwini? Okanye mhlawumbi Mother Nature yempindezelo phezu kwabantu amahlathi aqingqiweyo, umoya ongcolileyo kunye nezilwanyana mercilessly ukubatshabalalisa?

Eli nqaku liza kukuxelela yonke into esiyaziyo intsholongwane Ebola: transmission umendo, iimpawu, ikhondo izifo, ugonyo kunye nonyango iinketho.

Le ngozi entsha

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala isifo esibulalayo, "yalikhanyisa" ngowe-1976, e-Afrika. Ebola - ngumkhuhlane haemorrhagic, intsholongwane eyingozi kakhulu, apho akukho ugonyo okanye amayeza okunyanga oluthembekileyo. Kwimeko amathuba sifo kokufa 25 ukuya 75 ekhulwini, ngaphandle phambi kwentsholongwane Ebola emzimbeni ukudluliselwa kwentsholongwane usulelo lwenzeka kunokuba ngokukhawuleza.
esimfumene kutsha zabo ngokuhlasela ngexesha imbonakalo ubomi bakhe yokuqala unosla abantu 128 ngeeveki nje ezimbalwa. Ubhubhane samiswa ngokusebenzisa wokuvalelwa kakhulu.
Ukususela ngoko, hlale kubonakala intsholongwane, kodwa nakujoliso olutsha sifo ngokukhawuleza ebekwe indlela wavunywa bohlukaniswe engqongqo yezigulane, ukuphelisa nayiphi na indlela yokosulela kwe-Ebola.

ngokufa okubi

I inkulu kwimbali yoluntu epidimii kokuqhambuka Ebola aduma ekwindla ka-2014 kwiindawo ezintathu Afrika: Liberia, Guinea Sierra Leone. Kwiinyanga nje ezine intsholongwane sele ubulele abantu 5000, malunga nenani elifanayo basulelwe, kodwa ngokungummangaliso wasinda.

Izazinzulu ehlabathini jikelele abafunda yonke engile, intsholongwane umbulali, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo kodwa eyaziwa kuphela indlela yokudlulisela Ebola. Kwaye oku kakhulu ubhaqo ebalulekileyo, apho unako ukuba musa aphilise ukusuka ifiva, ngoko ke ubuncinane ukunciphisa kubuncinane "uhambo" yawo kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngapha koko, le nto imbi kule ntsholongwane laza - transmission kunye nokusasazwa usuleleko zendalo. Yedwa - intshukumo echanekileyo kuphela ukuthintela chithwa ngolunya usulelo. It ngumlinganiselo ukumisa esi sifo ezoyikekayo ezifana Ebola. Iindlela okudluliselwa zinokuthintelwa kuphela xa umthombo losulelo ayinabantu.

Zonke nandzu le mouse

Ukudluliselwa Ebola intsholongwane Oku kwenzeka phezu ukuqhagamshelana yangaphakathi inwebu okanye iincindi zomzimba kunye nomntu owosulelekileyo okanye isilwanyana. Pervonositelyami le ntsholongwane amalulwane, amalulwane eziqhamo kunye nezinye izilwanyana (umzekelo, iinkawu kunye leencanda) bosulelekile kukudibana ngamathe yabo ngendle.

ugqada-mbekweni

mechanism ukudluliselwa Ebola ukusuka kwizilwanyana ukuya eLuntwini izakufunyanwa kukudibana ngqo iimveliso benkqubo excretory oluntu (igazi, yencindi, nkovu kunye nomchamo) wathelela isilwanyana. Ngaphezu koko, oku kusebenza kuphela ukuba izilwanyana eziphilayo, kodwa abo babulawa Ebola (iindlela transmission zigcinwa kwaye emva kokuba nokufa kwesilwanyana, nkqu apho waqalisa inkqubo yokubola).

Le ntsholongwane ngokulula ingena emzimbeni womntu, esi sifo iphuhlisa iintsuku ezili-14 ukuya ku-21, kuxhomekeka immunocompromised.
Enye indlela yokudlulisela Ebola - esidla inyama abosulelekileyo izilwanyana, ingakumbi xa ithe yabuya inyama.

iimpawu virus

Xa isifundo kwentsholongwane phantsi mikrosokpom kwacaca ukuba ikhangeleka, bemicu elide zamafu ezithi yakhutshelwa kuqala nande omnye komnye, uze emva koko ukuqhagamshela njani onke amalungu ebalulekileyo owosulelekileyo. Emva koko kuza kuwe inyathelo elilandelayo, asenzayo intsholongwane Ebola. Iindlela okudluliselwa - imithambo yegazi kunye nenkqubo emithanjeni. Dalneshem uphuhliso usulelo lwenzeka kwi iiseli ukuba aveze protini. Virus kuso iqalisa ukuvelisa iiprothini wentsholongwane egazini, ze ezi zicwangciso ke ingahlasela ezinye esiseleni. Ngenxa yoko, inani leeseli ezosulelekileyo ukukhula sande.

chain reaction

Kubonakala - Afrika kakhulu kude. Kutheni i-World Health Organization izandi alarm? Yintoni na ngoko yingozi lonke ihlabathi Ebola? Nokudlulisela usulelo kunokwenziwa ngumntu omnye komnye, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kule ndlela kungawunwenisa kwihlabathi jikelele. Xa kungekho zokugonya olusebenzayo nangokusulela unyango olusebenzayo Ebola intsholongwane chain "kwezilwanyana ezinesifo, indoda-man" kusongela intlekele zebhayoloji jikelele, kude yokuduka epheleleyo yoluntu!

ziingcali World Health Organization ukunika Ingxelo ukuhla malunga zezifo kunokwenzeka, banikwe ukuba, kangangoko ngesifo Ebola. Iindlela okudluliselwa zininzi ngokugqithisileyo kangangokuba nolwahlukileyo ukuba, ngokutsho manani, omnye umntu ogulayo ezingasosulela ababini abasempilweni.

Ukuhla lulwelo - ukufa

Ngethamsanqa, i-HIV ayihambi ngamathontsi emoyeni, kodwa oko akuthethi kunciphisa ingozi. A indlela yokudlulisela ukusuka Ebola onesibetho ephile kwenzeka ngenxa ukwalathisa ukunxibelelana neencindi ezosulelekileyo bemvelo. Ukuhla igazi, umchamo, nkovu, ubisi lwebele kunye yobudoda isigulane zokuphila ukufa.

Kodwa ayikho yonke into ekwaziyo Ebola intsholongwane: iindlela zothumelo ezingaphelelanga le yincindi zoqhagamshelwano ngasentla omzimba womntu. Oku wacanda umbilo, yangaphakathi, ematheni, kwaye imfihlelo esini. Kuko konke oku kwenziwa isivumelwano le usuleleko kusongela nabani na ochukumisa izinto ngayo waqhagamshelana egula ngumkhuhlane.

Kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye yokuba umntu uhlala umthengisi losulelo logama nje umzimba wayo iqulethe iintsholongwane. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba kwamadlozi babantu liyaqhubeka liqulathe intsholongwane-50 iintsuku emva kwakhona, ngoko ukuthintela usulelo lwabantu Ebola yintsholongwane esempilweni, kubonakala ngokuthi isenzo sesondo ogama transmission, oogqirha Siyaleza ngamandla ndedeba kufunyanwa kuzo naziphi neentlobano zesini iinyanga eziliqela.

Neemvakalelo of self-kulondolozwe

Ukunqanda ukusuleleka, kwakunye ukuba ukubamba ntsholongwane laza, iindlela zothumelo kufuneka zigcinwe lincinane: ayikhuthazwa nabantu abatyelela lizwe apho amaziko bhubhane na. Ukongeza koku nangayiphi na indlela kuba badibana nabantu-abathwali usulelo.
Ebola, utshintsho senziwe phantse nangayiphi na indlela, ngaphandle nge ngamathontsi emoyeni, kuyingozi kubahlali naliphi na ilizwe.

isifo

insidiousness Special yale ntsholongwane kukuba esi sifo ayibaleki ngoko nangoko, njengoko iimpawu ezifana kakhulu lokuqala lwesifo ezihlasela zosulele ngokuphefumla, okanye SARS. ingenzeka njani konke?

1. Xa lokuqala sifo ngumkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, umntu uziva mnandi, buthathaka kwezihlunu kunye neentlungu emqaleni. Konke oku kufana umqala classic obuhlungu okanye umkhuhlane.
2. Ngokuthe ngcembe, isifo siqhubeka, iqala isicaphucaphu nokugabha, urhudo, isikhumba wambu irhashalala, wesibindi nezintso abakwazi ukumelana nemisebenzi yayo, intsholongwane ngcembe "iyavalwa" amajoni omzimba umzimba, ngoko wamnika ithuba ukuba alwe nayo usulelo buhlungu.
3. Le apotheosis kwesifo izenzo ukopha syndrome: isigulana wopha imilebe, iintsini, amehlo, isikhumba, iindlebe. Ukongeza, ukopha kuphuhliswa ngayo izibilini.
4. Ukufa kwenzeka kwiintsuku 8-14 emva kokuqala kwesi sifo. Unobangela yokufa - i emzimbeni noqhekeko kunye nokunyuka ukukungxamela ukuqumba uxinzelelo lwegazi.

Uvavanyo lokusinda

Ukuba urhanela isifo Ebola, apho iindlela zothumelo kufuneka uluhlu olubanzi ngezenzo, kucetyiswa ngamandla ukuba abone ugqirha kufuneka ukuba yenze uthotho lweemvavanyo ukubuphikisa ukuqinisekisa ubukho zokugula emzimbeni.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le ndlela inokuthenjwa ukuchonga Ebola - luvavanyo lwe ye-Polymerase Chain Reaction, apho iingcali ubale ufuzo ntsholongwane. Ngoncedo zolu vavanyo lunokukhangela izinto sifo kusekwangoko kwaye uzame ukumisa lwalo lokukhawulelana nophuhliso.

Imiyalelo abasebenzi bezonyango

abasebenzi bezempilo kufuneka kukhunjulwe malunga nokuphathwa kakuhle iisampuli neencindi zomzimba othatyathwe izigulane kuyakrokreleka ntsholongwane laza: iindlela ukudluliselwa kubanjiswene "iisampuli ezakhayo - paramedic ungakhuselekanga" Kuyingozi ukudibana ngqo isigulane. Umzekelo kukuba ngexesha lokubhala eAfrika wafa oogqirha-10.

abasebenzi Medical kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga izilumkiso ezifana:

• bokuhlamba kunye nokuhlamba izandla zintsholongwane;
• antiviral enxibe iimaski zonyango kunye nempahla ezizodwa zokhuseleko;
• ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuzikhusela zobuqu.

Unyango "mhlawumbi"

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, ayisekho unyango isiqinisekiso kwaye isitofu sokugonya mvume nxamnye Ebola ukopha ukusukela kuDisemba ka-2014. Noko ke, kutshanje, eUnited States kwi amavolontiye angabantu 20 lwavavanywa novoizobretonnaya sokugonya, apho inyathelo kukuphuhlisa izilwa pritivostoyat virus ofanelekileyo.

Unyango olusisiseko ibandakanya unyango noncedo:

• isisombululo electrolyte efakwa ukuze aphephe ukomisa;
• Kweentsholongwane umzimba;
• inkxaso yokuphefumla kunye umoya ngomatshini.

Ngenxa ekuqhubeni ezi zazo nga isifo iyonke ngama-10%, kodwa okuphilisa, bephila bonke abagulayo akwenzeki.

ukwesaba angamanga

Abantu Iplanethi xa ukhathazeke kakhulu malunga nokwenzeka loqhambuko bhubhane kuzo zonke iimbombo zomhlaba.
Ukongezelela, abaninzi bayoyika ukuba, njengaye nawuphi na intsholongwane, Ebola unako zisiba ngendlela eyingozi kakhulu, nto leyo buqala sisasazwa zamathontsana emoyeni. Izazinzulu zithi ukuba akukho zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba le ntsholongwane aqala ukuhamba ngapha emoyeni.

Ukutyala kwixesha elizayo loluntu

Kuba uphuhliso zokugonya kunye neziyobisi ngokuchasene isisongelo omtsha ezabelwe babekhupha iinkuntyula zemali. Ingakumbi i-US ngemali i $ 1.000.000, kwaye zatsala phantse 3,000 izazinzulu okuhle fyabo ukuphelisa ingozi ijinga phezu uluntu. Ukongezelela, kumazwe amaninzi yonke indlela ukunceda Afrika ekulweni Ebola ntsholongwane. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ebudeni bonyaka Ebola akayi ziyadanjiswa, ngokuthe ngcembe yonke indawo.

Ukhamba nobusi a Umphanda Ebola

Nangona umngcipheko omkhulu Ebola yintsholongwane, kukho ezinye izinto ezinokwenza amanqaku yokuphumla. Bagqiba kwelokuba:

• ntsholongwane akukho lula ukuba ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye iqumrhu ophilileyo, Noko ke, nangona inani elikhulu iindlela transmission, isantya andise intsholongwane iphantsi kakhulu;
• izifo ezifana influenza, kwemasisi AIDS, ekusasazeni ngokukhawuleza Ebola - yaye abantu abahlala emhlabeni;
• kumazwe oluphucukileyo pick up bungozi wosuleleko lancitshiswa phantse zero;
• Namhlanje inani elipheleleyo lamatyala lincinane kakhulu - abantu 5,000 kuphela (ngasendleleni, ukusuka umkhuhlane banal nyaka ngamnye nesiqingatha sesigidi ehlabathini);
• enyanisweni, abantu sele wajamelana isifo efanayo yaye iphumelele ngempumelelo: ngo-2008 eYurophu "iindwendwe" yeMarburg - cishe newele ka Ebola kwi iindlela zokusasaza iimpawu;
• phantse kuzo zonke izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ebalulekileyo zixhotyiswe kunye namaziko yococeko kunye nezempilo, leyo iliso abafikayo abakhweli.

Ngamafuphi, sinako ngokukhuselekileyo bayavuma ukuba ukudluliselwa Ebola sesi sifo kunye neziphumo - oko kuyoyikisa, kodwa kuphela xa yokuba bengawugcini izithethe nezakhiwo nesempilweni. Kumazwe oluphucukileyo kunye inqanaba eliphezulu kusenokwenzeka ononophelo kokuqhambuka intsholongwane phantse zero.
Ukongeza, kuba ezithile uza kuba isitofu sokugonya ukuba uya kubakhusela abantu abavela izisongelo abatsha.
Ukongeza, uphando lwezonyango amanyathelo phambili ephala - yaye mhlawumbi isibini amashumi ihlabathi akayi kuhlala umntu ogulayo olunye, kunye intsholongwane Ebola eya kutshona zisabonakala.