I-Atmosphere yeSaturn: ukubunjwa, isakhiwo

Iplanethi yeSaturn ifakwe kwiqela legesi zegesi zehlabathi. Ngesayizi yile sibini emva kweJupiter, inomlinganiselo omkhulu kunye nobunzima obukhulu beendandatho ezikujikelezile. I-Saturn emoyeni yinto eye yaxubusha inzululwazi kwiminyaka emininzi. Kodwa namhlanje kuqinisekiswa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba iigesi ezakha isiseko somzimba wonke, ongenanto eqinile.

Imbali yokufumanisa okukhulu

Kwangexesha elide, izazinzulu zazikholelwa ukuba inkqubo yethu ivalwe nje ngeplanethi enkulu, kwaye akukho nto ikhoyo emva kwayo. Ukufundisisa kwakhe kwenziwa kwimizuzu eyi-1610 ekude, emva kokuba uGalileo ehlola iSaturn kwi-telescope, kwaye wachaza amanqaku akhe ukuba kukho amacenge akhe. Ngaloo minyaka, akukho mntu unokucinga ukuba lo mzimba wasezulwini uhlukile kwiMhlaba, iVenus okanye i-Mars: ayinayo yonke indawo kwaye iqulethe i-gases igxininise kwiqondo lokushisa. Ubungqina bomoya weSaturn buqinisekiswa kuphela kwikhulu le-20. Ngaphezu koko, izazinzulu zanamuhla kuphela zikwazi ukugqiba ukuba iplanethi yindawo yegesi. Wayehlola i-satellite 1 ye-Voyager, eyayikwazi ukukhulula iphenyo kwiindawo ezingaphandle kwemoya. Imifanekiso yafunyanwa ebonise umxholo we-hydrogen ngokukodwa ekubunjweni kwamafu kaSaturn, kunye nezinye iigesi. Ukususela ngoko, uphando luye lwaqhutywa kuphela ngesiseko seengcamango nokubala. Kwaye kulungile ukuba uqaphele ukuba enye yeeplanethi ezingabonakaliyo kwaye ezingachangekanga kuze kube ngethuba lwanamhlanje iSatan.

Ubukho bomoya, ukubunjwa kwawo

Siyazi ukuba iiplanethi zeqela lasemhlabeni, ezisondele kufuphi neLanga, azinalo moya. Kodwa le mizimba eqinile, eyenziwe ngamatye kunye netsimbi, inomlinganiselo othile kunye neerameters ezihambelanayo. Iibhola zegesi zihluke kakhulu. Umoya kaSaturn uyisiseko sakhe. Iimpompe ze-infinite ezingapheliyo, iifubs namafu zihlanganisana ngenani elimangalisayo kwaye zenze umlo webhola ngenxa yendawo ye-magnetic yenucleus. Isiseko somoya weplanethi yi-hydrogen: ngaphezulu kwama-96 ekhulwini. Njengobunqambi, ezinye iigesi zikhoyo, ubukhulu balo buxhomekeke kububanzi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba akukho zikhuni zamanzi, ukuguqulwa kwamanzi kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo kwiSaturn.

Iingqimba ezimbini zomoya kunye nokubunjwa kwazo

Ngoko, umoya weSaturn ulwahlula ibe ngamacandelo amabini: ungqimba lwangaphandle kunye nolwangaphakathi. Iyokuqala inamaphesenti angama-96.3 we-molehydrogen, i-3% ye-helium. Ezi gesi ezisisiseko zixutywe ngezinto ezifana ne-phosphine, i-ammonia, i-methan ne-ethane. Apha kukho umoya oqinileyo ophezulu , isivinini sifike kwi-500 m / s. Ngokubhekisele kwinqanaba elingaphantsi lomoya, nanko kukho i-hydroxy metallic - malunga neepesenti ezingama-91, kunye ne-helium. Kule mimandla ngamafu e-ammonium hydrosulfide. Uluhlu oluphantsi lwendawo luhlala lufutheka kumda. Njengoko sisondela kwi-nucleus, ukushisa kufinyelela ku-Kelvin iwaka, kuba ngoku, akunakwenzeka ukuhlola iplanethi ngeeprogram ezenziwe phantsi kweemeko zomhlaba.

Iimpawu zengqondo

Izinto eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo kule polaneti ziyimimoya neempukane. Uninzi lwezimpophoma ziyavusa ukusuka entshonalanga ukuya empuma ngokubhekiselele kwi-axial rotation. Ukukhawuleza kubonakala kwinqanaba le-equatorial, kwaye njengoko lisuka kuyo, kuvela imilambo yasentshonalanga. Kukho indawo kwiSaturn apho izinto ezithile zemozulu zenzeke ngokuphindaphindiweyo . Ngokomzekelo, i-oval enkulu emhlophe ivela kwi-hemisphere esezantsi kanye emva kweminyaka emashumi amathathu. Ngelo xesha "imozulu engalunganga" umoya weSaturn, obandakanyekayo obandakanyekayo kubangele kule nkqubela, yonke into iyabulawa ngombane. Ukukhutshwa kuvela ikakhulu kwimigangatho ephakathi, phakathi kwe-equator kunye nezibonda. Ngokuphathelele okokugqibela, into ephambili apha yukukhanya kweplastiki. Ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaqho kwenzeka enyakatho, kuba kukho intsimi yamagneti yomelele kunasezantsi. Ubungakanani bhanya bubonakala ngeendlela zokugcoba.

Uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu

Njengoko kwavela, umoya weSaturn wenza le planethi ipholile ngokwaneleyo ngokuthelekisa neJupiter, kodwa ke, akunjalo nje, kungekhona njenge-Uranus ne-Neptune. Kwimihlaba ephezulu, iqondo lokushisa li malunga ne-178 degrees Celsius, ingqalelo iimoya zomoya kunye neziphepho. Xa sisondela sisisiseko, ingcinezelo iqhutywe, ngoko ke ukushisa kuphakama. Kwimiqolo ephakathi zi--88 degrees, kunye nexinzelelo-malunga ne-atmospheres elwaka. Iqondo eligqithisileyo elifikelelwa yiprobeyi yayiyindawo yokushisa -3. Ngokwezibalo kumgaqo weplanethi, uxinzelelo lufikelela kwizigidi eziyi-3. Ubushushu buyi 11,700 degrees Celsius.

Emva kwegama

Sihlolisise ngokufutshane isakhiwo somoya kaSaturn. Ukubunjwa kwalo kunokuthelekiswa neJupiter, kwaye kukho ukufana neziqhwala ze-ice - i-Uranus ne-Neptune. Kodwa, njengazo zonke iibhaluni zegesi, iSaturn iyingqayizivele kwisakhiwo sayo. Iimoya ezinamandla kakhulu ziyavuthela apha, uxinzelelo lufikelela kwixabiso elingaqhelekanga, kwaye iqondo lokushisa lihlala lipholile (ngeendlela zenkwenkwezi).