Famous Umfanekiso Mikelandzhelo Buonarroti. Inkcazelo yemisebenzi edume

inkcubeko Italian, ulwimi, indalo sele kudala nomtsalane kubakhenkethi. Kodwa eli lizwe odumileyo kuphela indawo yayo kwaye serenades sonorous. Namhlanje siye sithethe malunga omnye woonyana abadumileyo Italy. Kwakhona kweli nqaku liza kunikwa inombolo lweenkcazelo ekroliweyo Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti.

Funda ngocoselelo yaye uya kuvuna izinto ezininzi ezintsha umdla ukusuka kwindawo lwenkcubeko Italian le Renaissance.

curriculum vitae

Kwazalelwa wegcisa enkulu nomkroli usapho an abangamahlwempu olinene ngo-1475 kwisixeko Caprese. Ngenxa yokungabikho ngemali uyise unika akhuliswe yakhe Topolino usapho, apho inkwenkwe sihlangene udongwe kwaye iqala ukuba bafunde sculpt amanani.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, yena wathunyelwa kumasifundisane ngenxa igcisa zasekuhlaleni, yaye kamva nomkroli yesikolo Giovanni. Apho ubona Lorentso Medichi.

Lo mntu wamnika ithuba lokuba kuvele uMichelangelo. Uyabakhusela izifundo zakhe, andule de ukufa kwakhe okusinceda ngayo ukuvelisa odolo ophezulu amaxabiso.

Ngexesha lakhe, Buonarroti usebenze eRoma, Florence kunye Bologna.
Masibhale Ngoku sithethe ngomsebenzi wakhe iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

iimpawu ngokubanzi bobuchule

Kweli nqaku siza kuchaphazeleka yi omnye kuphela zeenkalo ubuchule kaMichelangelo - imikrolo. Inkcazelo eyona idumileyo uyakwazi ukufunda ngezantsi.

Ubungqondi umntu ngendlela engcono kubonisiwe imikrolo. Nditsho yokudweba wakhe, yena uthwele plasticity ifomu kunye nesikhundla amanani, abayinqobo kuphela izinto isambuku.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuba impumelelo iphambili Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti i ezintsha. Kungenxa yokuba izenzo ezinxamnye izinqumo, waba odumileyo kangangeenkulungwane. nomfanekiso walo "UDavide" liye laba benchmark ye-High Renaissance, yaye "Pieta" - lwalo ilungileyo lwezidumbu kuyilo oqingqiweyo.

Makhe simazi kufutshane kunye imisebenzi Renaissance buchopho.

"UMoses"

Enye imisebenzi abadumileyo - "UMoses" yi uMichelangelo. Inkcazelo imikrolo, siza kunika kancinane emva koko. Ngoku makhe sithethe indawo apho wamiswa.

Le Umfanekiso yinxalenye engcwabeni entsonkothileyo oqingqiweyo sikaPopu Julius II, nto leyo ibekwe San Pietro e Vincoli, a sonto wamaRoma.

Umsebenzi kule sculpture ke kwenzeka iminyaka emibini, ukususela ngo-1513. Ukongeza, kwicala ngalinye kukho eqingqiweyo ngabafundi kaMichelangelo,.

Ingcamango yokuqala sikaPopu Julius II waba nombono wazo kwaye wamazwi. Wayefuna ukwakha engcwabeni lakhe wobugcisa kule Basilica of St Peter. Iprojekthi hlanganisa eqingqiweyo ezininzi kunye nezinye izinto. Kodwa izicwangciso angakhange ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemali evela neendlalifa zakhe.

Ngenxa yoko, savelisa "lwabiwo" inguqulelo iprojekthi yokuqala.
Ngoko ke, i "UMoses" - Umfanekiso ngu kaMichelangelo, owaba idumileyo eminyaka umdali wayo. Namhlanje kucingwa omnye imilonde abaziwayo. Yintoni na ephawulekayo?

Ukuphakama mfanekiso - iisentimitha 235, kodwa amandla lilele ichaza zayo, yeyabahlali ngokwenene. Le nomkroli ezotywe inkokheli yabantu ngamaYuda ngexesha lokubuya, emva kokuba incoko noThixo, xa uMoses wabona abanquli ithole legolide.

Lo mzobo inamandla kakhulu kwaye uzele amandla lwangaphakathi. Sibona imithambo ukudumba, inkanyamba eziyolweni phezu kobuso yinkokeli. Esandleni sakhe sokunene ubazisa tablets, kunye nomlenze aqala intshukumo ezibukhali mfutshane phambili, ngokungathi wayeza atsibatsibe ngaphakathi athathe amanyathelo.

Ubuciko basike ababephila kaMichelangelo, xa kuthelekiswa ibhrashi ngomzobi Sable. Ngekumlungele iinwele neendevu khangela ezithambileyo kunye silky, ngaphandle, kwi ukukrola akukho ezinga- naziiperile ekrwada. Ukubunjwa le epheleleyo yaye ngokupheleleyo ivakalisa yonke imizwa buchopho babantu.

"UMoses" kaMichelangelo, ushiya akekho ngabandayo. Strong-ezithandwa uxinzelelo ababukeli umdla yaye maxa wambi ezoyikisayo. Njengokuba Stendhal Wathi, ukuba ndilibone eqingqiweyo, wena bengenalo nofifi malunga amathuba imikrolo.

"UDavide"

Kweli nqaku siza kuzama ukubalaselisa eqingqiweyo edumileyo yi uMichelangelo. A yesibini, ngomhla ngebande ezidlulileyo, lo ngowona "UDavide". Lo mfanekiso imitha ezintlanu-iye yaba luphawu sale weRiphabliki phantse ngoko nangoko emva kwindalo.

Namhlanje ifumaneka e-Academy of Arts e Florence kwaye ilungiselelwe ngombono ngeenxa zonke. Lo mfanekiso ubonisa uKumkani uDavide oselula yamaYuda, ngubani ukulungiselela ukulwa uGoliyati. Yena ligxile kunye nentwana langoku, ngokuba utshaba mkhulu ngokucacileyo ukuba iimpawu zayo emzimbeni. Ngaxeshanye, ngokwembono uDavide kuyakudiza kukho intembelo engagungqiyo eloyisweni.

Ngubani na wobugcisa umthengi lowo? Emva kwenkulungwane ye-elinesihlanu e Florence wathetha umhombiso Santa Maria del Fiore. Yeyona ibandla yecawa ka Florence. Esi sicwangciso ukuba akuyo kunye eqingqiweyo ezilishumi abalinganiswa edume yebhayibhile ukusuka kwiTestamente eNdala.

Sebenza kwi ekuphunyezweni kweprojekthi yaqala yi Donatello kunye apprentice yakhe, kodwa Ndizakwenza kuphela imikrolo enye.

Emva kokufa kwakhe, le projekthi emsebenzini, kunye block lebhastile (edume uWele "Giant"), eyenzelwe oqingqiweyo kaDavide, ngokuthe ngcembe crumbled phantsi kwempembelelo ukhukhuliseko.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi ukuba ibizwe Commission, eziquka uLeonardo da Vinci, ngubani wagqiba basayine imvumelwano kunye nomkroli ezingamashumi amabini anesithandathu uMichelangelo Buonarroti. Waqala umsebenzi ngoSeptemba 1501.

Ukulwa iibhloko emarmore emhlophe, wamthabatha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-emibini. Kuyinto kule sculpture bubobabo uthi ukwenza wobugcisa, nje ndazinqumla zonke engeyomfuneko.
Noko ke, ngo-1504, xa umsebenzi ugqityiwe, i Florentines bachaphazelekayo bagqiba kwelokuba ambulale uDavide kwi Loggia Dei Lanzi, apho wathabatha indawo intlanganiso yeBhunga City.

Ngoku umzabalazo wenkululeko zazimela wobugcisa Mikelandzhelo Buonarroti. Umfanekiso ngu Donatello nayo isiwe kwenye indawo eyahlukileyo evela kwiBhunga abaphulaphuli.

Kukho izibakala eziliqela umdla ezinxulumene kulo msebenzi. "UDavide" - eyona zikhutshelwa sculpture le Renaissance. It ukuphindaphinda e Moscow, eLondon yaye kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo zesixeko zakowabo.

Kwakhona Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ikopi London lixhotyiswe kwigqabi umkhiwane, xa kuthe ukufika Queen. Yaye kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini iYerusalem wala kubamba ikopi "kwinkulungwane Italian elinesihlanu ze," lo mfanekiso njenge "UDavide" yi kaMichelangelo wajika engalukanga.

ukuchaza kosuku

Lingcwaba Medici e Florence, uye wayilondoloza abaninzi eqingqiweyo kaMichelangelo,. Sithetha ezimbini Ukuqamba ezahlukeneyo.

Eyokuqala kwezi obonisa ukubandakanyeka lweziqalelo kweenkwenkwezi endala "eyona inkulu yomlawuli sale ndlela." Eli qela oqingqiweyo ibandakanya amanani amane emi ngababini phezu sarcophagi ezimbini.

Lo mbono yaba iwizard ukubonisa kuhlwe oothixo aqine engakholelekiyo yobukho ofayo. Bona kuboniswe kwizikhundla nzima phezu ezineziciko ye sarcophagi, ngeenzame sehla phantsi ngokukhawuleza.

Njengobuxoki ixesha ezahlukeneyo imini ziboniswa ngohlobo yamanani babantu abatsha kunye nabafazi. Ubuhle bendalo the olinganise lamandulo igqibeleleyo Ngokungafani ngendlela yobuKristu aphakathi 'obuhlungu usizi "ngenxa kufushane yobukho.

Ukubunjwa iqulathe Night, uSuku, kusasa nangokuhlwa. I imifanekiso ezimbini zokuqala ezibekwe kwingcwaba Giuliano, kwaye eyesibini - phezu sarcophagus ka Lorentso Medichi.

Le projekthi wadalwa ngokomyalelo Clement VII, ngubani wagqiba ekubeni immortalize izalamane babo bafa abaselula.

Umsebenzi lo mfanekiso kwagqitywa ngo-1534, kodwa hayi bonke ofakiweyo ku kwisiza ekucwangciselwa yena. Namhlanje ubumba model yawo "Imini", umzekelo, ifumaneka e Houston, "Morning" - eLondon. "Ntambama" imodeli ilahlekile, yathengwa ngabanye yabaqokeleli, kunye nentwana ukususela kweli xesha balahlekile.

Eyona ndawo intle ubume luthathwa kuba imikrolo, "Night." UMichelangelo, bexesha yathi zazibonisa "belele isithunywa ilitye, leyo va umoya."

Ngoko ke, le mifanekiso iqingqiweyo kaMichelangelo, nangona ezinye iintsilelo, oko kuthetha ngezantsi, kukho obukhulu bokwenene buchopho babantu.

kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo Medici

Le yinxalenye yesibini ukwakhiwa ecaweni malivakale Florence abalawuli crypt. It iqulathe eqingqiweyo ezimbini, enye oluveza Giuliano, ababethwala isihloko iNkosana Nemours, kunye nezinye - II Lorenzo, iNkosana Urbino. Zidume ukuba ngowokuqala kwimbali usapho Medici wafumana izihloko omkhulu onje.

Kubalulekile ukukhankanya ethile engundoqo kaMichelangelo Buonarroti. Imifanekiso yalo inkosi akukho imfano ukuya AMAGQABAZA ▸ zabo. Ebekade lo mfanekiso wathi ukuba utshintsho hlobo kuyimfuneko ukuba akukho mntu, ekubeni akukho namnye ozakuliqaphela kule iminyaka eliwaka.

Image, efana nomfanekiso Lorenzo ichaza sculpture Rodin esithi "I-nzulu ngezinto." UMichelangelo wadala lo mfanekiso ngomfanekiso jikelele yamaRoma kwi pose of nzulu. nesigcina Zoomorphic ifihle ezininzi ebusweni izithunzi. Oku kulo mba nangoku ziphikisana abaphandi.

Abanye bathi oku inkosi enkulu thsuphe ukuba Lorenzo enesifo phambi kokufa kukugeza. Abanye bathi ukuba kuphela umfanekiso yokomfuziselo ubukhali yobubi.

Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa ubuso Giuliano ezihambe ngcono. Yena uchazwa ekuqaleni mandulo olusebenzayo. Yena mncinane, ngaphandle nesigcina, ezele amandla, kodwa amehlo akhe diki ngokupheleleyo. Ngenxa yoko, limela ingqiqo ingcamango urhulumente sisilumko.

Kunye ixesha losuku amanani yimizekeliso, Lorenzo Giuliano zenza nokwakheka lugqityiwe. Kuthatha ababukeli ngexesha Renaissance, xa kwakukho ukuvela ilizwe. Ixesha ubuqili, umzabalazo yezopolitiko kunye lusebenzisa wentuthuzelo.

amakhoboka

Okulandelayo, sicinga omnye weyona mizekelo ngempumelelo sculpture kaMichelangelo,. Enegama "UMoses" yaye "kuDavide," thina kakade. Loo ukwakheka, nto leyo ke ngoku ukuthetha, wazalwa njengenxalenye yamangcwaba kaJulius II.

It iqulathe emibini - kwamakhoboka, ukufa kunye abavukeli. Ekubeni inkosi kunqabile ukubaluleka portrait efana kunye nentsingiselo yokomfuziselo indalo zabo esiqhotyoshelweyo, ke asingekhe sikwazi ukuthetha nantoni na malunga nentsingiselo ngqo nayiphi na wena ngaphambi.
Ukuba umbuzo zangaphambili akungekwazeki ukuba isonjululwe ngonaphakade, into malunga intsingiselo imali kule mifanekiso onamandla, kusekho engaphendulekiyo.

Bambi bathi lo mfanekiso art, umusa Pope, abanye zibonisa ukuba yinto nje lo ye amaphondo ezoyiswa ebudeni bolawulo kaJulius II.

Kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo amakhoboka kuboniswe amadoda amabini aselula kwaye womelele abaselula ngemixokelelwane. Omnye kubo uzama umgudu angaphezu ndaphule ngamakhamandela, lowo yesibini kuzotywe athalala, ukuzinikela.

La manani, kwakunye neminye imifanekiso ezininzi Yaduma kaMichelangelo, kufana "ikhululekileyo" ukusuka kwiiflethi zabo.

Sinaye nxi umdla. Xa yagqitywa oqingqiweyo, uyilo yatshintsha amangcwaba. Ngoko Buonarroti ubanika ukuba umhlobo wakhe Stotstsi ngenxa ububele bakho, kwaye bamva ezinqabileyo nabo ukuba Francis I. Njengoko imizekelo eqingqiweyo kaMichelangelo, ezibe Louvre.

Bacchus

"Omnye anxile Bacchus" ithathwa umsebenzi wokuqala ngempumelelo wizard abatsha. Yena walizinzisayo kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibini wathuma Raphael Riario, iincam Italian.

An into umdla kukuba Cardinal kunye nayo nje bafuna ukwandisa ingqokelela yakhe eqingqiweyo zakudala. Kodwa xa wabona inguqulelo yokugqibela yeTshata ye-oqingqiweyo, Signor Riario wala ndibuthabathe. Sculpture efumaneke bhanki Galli, owayehlala kufutshane ibhotwe Cancellara. Emva phantse ikhulu leminyaka sokuthenga lunalo Medici e Florence kunye ithuthwa.

Namhlanje le Umfanekiso yi umbukiso Florence Bargello Museum.
Ezinye izazi Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti, umzekelo, uViktor various, cinga le mveliso a eyenziwe ngqo sculpture yamandulo. Bathi ukuba kule ndalo yokuqala ozimeleyo akukho nobuntu umbhali.

"Bacchus" imele uthixo wamaRoma iwayini, leyo wu fanaka kwanakumGrike yayinguDionysus, sikhatshwe ikhawulelane nowayo oselula. Laba sikwimo ngokukhululekileyo, woyisa impembelelo isiselo esinxilisayo.

Bacchus ujonga indebe yewayini, ubuso bakhe ichaza amwela uthando indalo yakhe. Izihlunu emathangeni kwaye ekhululekile esiswini. Abanye abaphandi bathi ukuba oku bubungqina engqondweni nasemzimbeni ubuthathaka bakhe, utyekelo likhoboka. Okunye uthixo yamandulo ku hlamusela mhaka ukuba nje zigaba amakhulu ukunxila. Oku kungqinwa ukuma kwakhe. Yayame phambili, ngokungathi lokukhubeka, kodwa izihlunu umva kunzima ukuba ukulinganisela kwakhe.

isililo

Umsebenzi kuphela apho kukho wesandla ngayo umbhali, i ukukrola kaMichelangelo kaThixo "Pieta". Igama layo livela kwigama Italian elithetha "usizi, nosizi." Isifundo iphambili ndawo olilayo unyana umfi lo Virgin Mary, uYesu Kristu.

UMichelangelo "Pieta" kuthathwa yi bemisebenzi yobuciko elinye lokusinda imisebenzi embalwa kweli thuba lokulungiselela utshintsho ukusuka ekuqaleni Renaissance ngenkulungwane elinesihlanu ukuya kwixesha ophezulu eli xesha.

Yomsebenzi Gothic kumfanekiso kuMsindisi kwisandla abafileyo uMariya, kodwa reinvents ngokupheleleyo Buonarroti emsebenzini wakhe. Apha Virgin uchazwa ibhinqa eliselula isijwili abalahlekileyo omthandayo omnye.

Ukuba ujonga ekwakhiweni, siyakwazi ukubona ukuba kukho ukwahlukana elibukhali phakathi kwabaphilayo nabafileyo. Iqela lokuqala luquka mpawu njengamabhinqa, benxibe kwaye tye, nezichasi zawo iisimboli lendoda efileyo "Selani".

Ngokutsho kweengcali, le ukukrola sele njengodondolo zonke iintlobo imifanekiso isigcawu zeBhayibhile.

altare Piccolomini

Namhlanje, siyazi eqingqiweyo ezininzi kaMichelangelo kunye namagama ngamagama abangcwele yamaKatolika. Inkoliso yabo zimi esibingelelweni Piccolomini e Siena Cathedral. Oku kwakhona i "Pieta", thina ngazo ngaphambili.

Imvumelwano le umyalelo esayinwe kwiminyaka yokuqala yenkulungwane yeshumi yi Cardinal Piccolomini. Xa ngokoMthetho yayo, igcisa kwafuneka ukwenza imifanekiso elinesihlanu kwiminyaka emithathu. Njengomvuzo wafumana ducats ezimakhulu mahlanu, nto leyo isixa kakhulu ixesha.

Kodwa ngenxa yokuba kungekudala wasiwa kwaye nkqu ukuze "kuDavide" yi kaMichelangelo ikwazile ukwenza imifanekiso emine kuphela.

Ngoko ke, yintoni na umfanekiso oqingqiweyo of Saints angene ubume lesikhumbuzo izakhiwo zwe?

Inxalenye nakumphezulu enamanqanaba olusezantsi ezihonjiswe ekroliweyo yezithunywa St. uPius I (isihloko original - Augustine) kunye St. Gregory, amathandathu yesine Pope.

Kwinxalenye zikhabane ibekwe abangcwele uPetros noPawulos. Nangona ubutshaba ezikwekwayo ukuya engumninindlu ekumeni, iimpawu abaphandi yokugqibela abaninzi bacinga i-self-umzobo igcisa abatsha.

Oko yaphela abazana yethu emfutshane nomntu omhle, njengomzobi, sobulumko nomkroli uMichelangelo. Imifanekiso yalo inkosi bethobela kuphela ezikhumbuzo intle eItali, kodwa ke iimyuziyam ezaziwayo-kakuhle kumazwe awahlukeneyo.

Uhambo, abafundi abathandekayo. luck ezilungileyo kuwe kunye imifanekiso kakhulu ecacileyo!