Jan van Eyck "Arnolfini Umfanekiso"

"I Arnolfini Portrait" - umzobo umdla kakhulu. Ukususela mizobo encinane wenza ibrashi Jan van Eyck, uyakwazi ukufunda izinto ezininzi ezibangel 'umdla. Le opeyintayo ayikwazanga umdla kuphela isakhono wegcisa, kodwa kananjalo sobulumko kunye nzulu ngezinto.

"I Arnolfini Portrait" igqalwa enye imisebenzi zinzima thaca kwi womzobo e Northern Renaissance yesikolo yasentshona. Kukho ezininzi imfihlelo kulo mfanekiso. Sinikela kuwe umsebenzi "Arnolfini Portrait" van Eyck kaThixo. Inkcazelo uya kufumana kweli nqaku. Kodwa kuqala amagama ambalwa malunga artist odale le wobugcisa.

A kangako Jan van Eike

Igama lakhe ngu Jan van Eyck (iminyaka yobomi - 1385 (yezizathu) - 1441). Le opeyintayo lixesha okuqala le Renaissance. Jan van Eyck - inkosi imifanekiso, iye yagqitywa ezaqanjwa kwama-100 ezahlukeneyo kwizifundo zonqulo. Yaba ngegcisa elinye yokuqala owasebenzisa ipeyinti ioli. Apha ngezantsi kukho umzobo elingaziwa. ke kubhaliwe 1433. Wavele, oku self-ngobude. ukupeyinta igcinwe National Gallery eLondon.

Asazi ukuba umhla wokuzalwa Jan van Eyck. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba wazalelwa kwidolophu Maaseik, eMntla eNetherlands. Wafunda kwixesha elizayo inkosi Hubert, umzalwana umdala, naye wayesebenza kude 1426 kunye. umsebenzi wakhe waqala kwi inkundla The Hague iigrafu. Ukususela ngo 1425 Jan van Eyck na igosa kunye opeyintayo uPhilip III ezilungileyo, unyana ka-Burgundy. Wayeyixabisa italente wegcisa kunye nomsebenzi wakhe ihlawulwe ngesisa.

Kukholelwa ukuba van Eyck wasungula ipeyinti ioli, nangona ngcono kuphela. Noko ke, oil koko amkelwa jikelele, kwaye le ndlela iye zemveli ngenxa eNetherlands. weza yena eFransi naseJamani, uze emva koko eItali.

Ngoku makhe sibuyele womzobo "I Arnolfini Portrait" igcisa ekuhombisile kwaye nangoku ibangela imbambano. Ngoku, kwakunye lo mfanekiso zendawo angayaziyo, eLondon, kwi-National Gallery.

Igama womzobo

Igama lalo ekuqaleni ayaziwa, kodwa kweminyaka engamakhulu emva koko, safunda siyabulela kuye incwadi enye uluhlu ngayo. Kwaba ngathi oku: "A umfanekiso enkulu Hernoult le Fin kwigumbi kunye nomfazi wakhe." Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Hernoult le Fin - fomu French igama Arnolfini (Italian). media zayo - usapho omkhulu nomi kubananisi, leyo isebe Bruges ngelo xesha.

Ngubani kubonisiwe kulo mfanekiso?

Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba ixesha elide ukuba ngelaphu eveza Giovanni Arolfini nomfazi wayo igama Giovanna Chenami. Kodwa, kuye kwafunyaniswa ngowe-1997 ukuba esi sibini kuphela ngo-1447 wangena emtshatweni, oko kukuthi, kwiminyaka eli-13 emva kokuba kwabonakala umfanekiso, kunye neminyaka emi-6 emva kokuba womzobi ukufa van Eyck.

Bakholelwa namhlanje ukuba lo mfanekiso eboniswa Arnolfini kunye nomfazi wakhe yangaphambili, okanye umzala wakhe umfazi wakhe. lo mzalwane i merchant Italian, inzalelwane Lucca. Uye wahlala ukususela 1419 Bruges. Van Eyck zaveza umfanekiso wakhe, nto leyo evumela ukuba sicinge ukuba le ndoda yayingumhlobo wegcisa.

Kodwa uyazi ukuba ngubani omelwa kwi imizobo ka Van Eyck, thina asikwazi. Abaninzi bahlekisa ukuba kubonisiwe kumzobo "Le Portrait Arnolfini" Putin (zifana kuye kwi-Arnolfini ngokwenene).

Noko ke, ulahle iziqhulo ecaleni siqhubeke inkcazo le mizobo.

ixesha lokudala Imizobo

ukupeyinta ebhalwe "Arnolfini Portrait" waba Bruges ngo-1434. Ngelo xesha isixeko iziko enkulu urhwebo, ekuthe urhwebo yonke Northern Europe. Ukusuka yaseScandinavia naseRussia babuyiselwa apha uboya kunye neenkuni, nge eVenice Genoa ukusuka eMpuma wathwala ubulawu, iikhaphethi, isilika, kunye Portugal kunye Spain - orenji, amakhiwane, lemons. kwaba khona Rich kwisixeko Bruges.

iimpahla umfazi

Abasemifanekisweni womzobo The Arnolfini sibini isisityebi. Oku kubonakala ngakumbi engutyeni. Umfazi kubonakaliswa kwisinxibo, apho ezihonjiswe ermine. Kuye nomsila omde, nto leyo kufuneka umntu ukuba aqhubeke ehamba. Kule ilokhwe ukuyisusa kwenzeka kuphela sisakhono esisodwa ezifunyenwe ngezangqa ahlukile.

Iimpahla ndoda ikulo mfanekiso Van Eyck

INdoda abasemifanekisweni ingubo enkulu, nto leyo zalungisa, mhlawumbi hit, Sable okanye ngoboya, kunye cut emacaleni, sivumele inkululeko ukwenza, ukuze ukuhamba. Izicathulo ngomthi kunokubonwa nto, ukuba lo mntu asisiso basebukhosini. Ukuze ukuba mdaka eludakeni lwezitrato, manene nani manenekazi Sahamba lokukhwelisa okanye ihashe.

fashion baseBurgundy

EYurophu, ngoxa kwakukho fashion baseBurgundy, bona babemlandele isibini Arnolfini. Oku kwakubangelwa impembelelo zenkcubeko nezopolitiko Duchy ka-Burgundy olomeleleyo. abafazi nje kuphela, kodwa iimpahla zamadoda kwi kweyadi kwinkundla baseBurgundy sasiyinkcitho. iminqwazi zezindlu kunye iinkontsho kunxitywa amadoda ubukhulu. Xa ezandleni umyeni, njengoko umtshakazi, abanembeko, namhlophe. amagxa yakhe encinci bathi uye wenza imeko uluntu ayikho amandla.

Izimo igumbi

Ipeyintwe yi umthengisi langaphandle, wahlala kubunewunewu yeengcungcu in Bruges. Yena waba esipilini, a chandelier, iikhaphethi Oriental. Ogciniweyo nakumphezulu window endlwini, kunye orenji nabizayo phezu kwetafile.

Nangona kunjalo, i ayemxinwa igumbi zasezidolophini-ipeyintwe Van Eyck ( "Arnolfini Portrait"). Kwindawo elilawulwa yi kwebhedi, njengesiqhelo kuzo zonke iikota mzi. Umkhusane uvukile ngomhla kuyo, yaye iindwendwe kwigumbi enye, ehleli phezu kwebhedi. Ndawa ebusuku, kwaye kukho "igumbi kwi gumbi" - isithuba elivaliweyo.

ingaphakathi Iinkcukacha igumbi

Ukudlala elingaphakathi, van Eyck usizobela kwakhe igumbi lomtshato a. Yongeza ezininzi yeentsingiselo efihliweyo kunye nomfanekiso efanelekileyo ngezinto izinto kwigumbi kwi kumzobo "Le Portrait Arnolfini". Isimboli kubonisiwe kulo baninzi.

Umzekelo, uphawu zonke-ukubona iliso kaThixo isipili ngeenxa ebonisa amanani abantu ababini alubonakali oyibukeleyo, kodwa kweli gumbi.

Orenji ukuba kwi window wethala kwaye itafile ephantsi, ezibonisa olungapheliyo ezulwini. Fall apile kufanekisela. Ukuthembeka libhekisela inja encinane. Shoes - uphawu uthando nokuzinikela iqabane. Ngerosari - uphawu ukuhlonela elabo ikhaya, brush luphawu ntumbuluko.

Enye yekhandlela kuphela chandelier, abasa emini, efuzisela ubukho eyimfihlakalo lo msitho ngoMoya oyiNgcwele. Phezu kodonga ukufunda umbhalo, ezimisele ukunika umculi: "waba Jan van Eyck apha". Ngenxa yoko, uYesu wachaza ukuba lo opeyintayo njengengqina kwi isiko endala Dutch of amale alukho ebandleni kunye nekhaya.

Lo mfanekiso kububungqina zokubonwayo theko lomtshato. Ukongezelela, singatsho ukuba isiqinisekiso somtshato. Ngenxa yokuba utyikityo phezu kodonga amaxwebhu phambi yobungqina, aye ekuzobeni. Lo mfanekiso yenye yokuqala ubugcisa, esayinwe ngumbhali.

Ezinye iinxalenye zomfanekiso nemazi

Xa komkhosi, obutofotofo umtshakazi isinxibo enxibe kwi ngelaphu. Kuphela ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-19 yaba nendlela ilokhwe yomtshato emhlophe. esiswini sakhe lirhangqwa, ngokutsho kwabaphandi, umqondiso ukukhulelwa ayikho. Yena, kunye amabele ezincinane, utsalo phezulu, iimpendulo ezazikho ngelo xesha (ngexesha mvanje Gothic) ukumelwa umgangatho ubuhle.

Isixa zenkqunto libekwe phezu kwalo mfazi, ngokuhambelana wezeefashoni zelo xesha. Oku nje senzo isiko, ngokutsho abaphandi. Lona, ngokungqinelana ne sengqondo emtshatweni kunye nentsapho, ukubonisa okuzala. Emva ukupeyinta "I Arnolfini Portrait" yabhalwa wegcisa kumsitho zibini yomtshato emelweyo kuyo. Noko ke, ukuma isandla yomfazi kwi ngelaphu ivumela ukuba amathuba okokuba ukhulelwe kwakhe, nangona oko kuthathwa ukuba esi senzo waphakamisa nje intshinga ilokhwe yakhe.

Umtshato isandla sasekhohlo

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwimeko Arnolfini wayefuna isivumelwano umtshato, kuba kaloku izicacele ukuba kulo mfanekiso ke le ebizwa ngokuba "status esandleni sakhe sasekhohlo." Siyabona kwi web, umyeni ubambe isandla umtshakazi wakhe lasekhohlo kunokuba ngasekunene, ngokwemfuneko ngokwesiko. Imitshato enjalo phakathi amaqabane yemeko yentlalo ukungalingani, waza waqhelisela de ngenkulungwane ye-19.

Female ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ukususela kwiklasi asezantsi. Kufuneka bayeke amalungelo ilifa kwinzala zabo ngokwabo. Endaweni lafumana emva kokufa komyeni wakhe imali ethile. Imvumelwano umtshato, ube umthetho, ekhutshwe kwi ngentsasa elandelayo emtshatweni. Ngoko ke, umtshato baqala ukubiza morganicheskim (ukusuka igama isiJamani "morgen", elithetha "kusasa").