Enye yee-experimenti ezininzi ezimangalisayo: monkey intloko esinye

Kule minyaka ilikhulu idluleyo, izinto ezininzi amayeza, kwakukho okokuqala, kuquka abohlukeneyo amalungu. Ngoku Ukubuyisela intliziyo, isibindi okanye umphunga yinkqubo yokwenene kwaye eziqhelekileyo. Kodwa ngaba kunokwenzeka lokususa intloko zabantu? Izazinzulu zithi ukuba lo msebenzi ayikho kude, kuba kuhlwayelwe entloko nyani - yapasisa eqongeni. Nini yaye kwenzeka njani? wenza amalinge yokuqala kule ndawo njani?

ubunzima ukufakelwa head

Zonke iinkqubo zomzimba zihlobene. Zonke iseli lomzimba kwaye kungenziwa xa kuthelekiswa zinegalelo kunye amagiya elisebenza yonke indlela. Ingqondo ephambili ikhonza esi sakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo. Kuyinto ingongoma engundoqo yolawulo, onoxanduva weyona misebenzi ibaluleke kunye neenkqubo ezifana ingcamango, imbono, basabela njalo njalo. D.

Ubuchopho akhiwe yaba lukakayi, umnqonqo - in lomqolo. Ulwalamano lwabo uyasinika ukuhamba, ixhasa umsebenzi imizimba, adlulisele azilawule-luvo. amalungelo yayo kukhokelela ukusilela imilenze, ukukhubazeka. intloko abohlukeneyo nako ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi kubantu abanezifo ezinganyangekiyo yemfuza okanye ukwenzakala. Kodwa ukuba kunokwenzeka?

Okwangoku, oogqirha baye bafunda ukuthunga imithambo yegazi, izihlunu, amathambo ndawonye, kodwa nokuphelela yi luvo usifake. Zazimele amakhulu iinkqubo kunye imiqadi, ngamnye leyo unoxanduva lokusoloko egade iqela labo nokunyanzeliswa. Xa uqhagamshela zonke "iingcingo" ephosakeleyo iziganeko ingqondo kuya kufumaneka kwi iindawo ephosakeleyo omzimba. Ukongeza, kukho kungenzeka ukuba zilinywe umzimba ukwazi ukufunxa intloko nje umzimba langaphandle kwaye izakuzama kuqhuthisa.

Imizamo yokuqala

Ukuze enze umsebenzi esinzulu kwaye onzima ezinjalo kufuna ubuchule ngqo kakhulu ephucukileyo. Ngaphandle koku, ingcamango ukufakelwa zenzeka kudala. Ekuqaleni yeentloko yotyando ngenkulungwane XX nkawu, iimpuku kunye izinja ezathi zenziwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kuba ixesha lokuqala ndagqiba ukuba zizame American Charles Klod Gatri.

Izifundo ukuze ukucikideka akhetha izinja. Umsebenzi lwenzeka ngoMeyi 1908, kwaye neziphumo zalo zapapashwa encwadini sisazinzulu. Kuba Guthrie experiment ndamnqamla isilwanyana omnye kuphela, ukuthunga intloko yakhe umzimba uphela inja.

Ngoko ke nzulu wadala "silo headed ezimbini-." Yokuqala Inkqubo akazange ngaphezu kwemizuzu engamashumi amabini. intloko athungwe kubekwe umhlathi phezulu. Kwegazi yaqala emzimbeni, balityhutyha entloko iqhotyoshelweyo, waza wabuya phezu kwentloko yonke yenja. Esi silwanyana Kwabonakala wamathatha intshukumo, ulwimi, ephawulwe yindibanisela abafundi, kodwa kungekudala bafa.

kukubuka Demikhova

In-imi- 50 imifuniselo ezifanayo lasiwa Vladimir Demihov. Eyokuqala ehlabathini, yena zilinywe isibindi, umphunga, wadala intliziyo ngumntu. Ngowe-1954 kwafika ixesha lokuba intloko. Ukuba umzimba uphela kwezinja abadala isazinzulu ujoyina njana.

Ekati aseleyo, kunye nemilenze. Yezilwanyana elaya zomzimba, Wayixakaxa ityesi ukususa wemiphunga intliziyo. Ke sutured ukuba inxalenye esempilweni inja injana, ukudibanisa imithambo yegazi.

Izazinzulu ziye zenza imisebenzi iinjongo 20 yotyando. izifundo uvavanyo lwakhe waphila ngokuvisisana ngeveki, kwaye isibini enye bakwazi ukuqhuba ngenxa inyanga. Ngokungafaniyo Garty Izifundo inja abanikeli Demikhova ukugcina imisebenzi ebalulekileyo. Yena na ukusela amanzi, usabele kwabanye yaye zabaluma 'ummelwane' wakhe, xa into awuzali.

Monkey head ukufakelwa

Demikhova impumelelo amazing ephefumlelweyo iingcali ezininzi. Uyise elithi esinye, kunye nomsebenzi wakhe baziwa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe. Ahambe neurosurgeon nabaseMerika uRobert Uayt. Ngowe-1970, phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe, bekukho umsebenzi lokususa intloko nyani.

Kuba nokuhlola, sikhetha isilwanyana, efanayo ubunzima bayo. umzimba nyani emva yotyando zange ahambe, kodwa mvakalelo ukusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo. Yena waqonda amavumba, izandi, kwaye ubone apho. Ukuvuka phezulu, nyani sifika kwaye bazama nomntana. Xa uqala, yotyando intloko nyani kuphumelele.

Kungekudala amajoni omzimba Baqala ukulahla intloko yakhe. Animal yathatha iintsuku ezisithoba kuphela. White baqhubeka nocwaningo lwakhe ngethemba ukutshintshela ukusebenza nabantu. Ukuba yimpumelelo, oko kube yamachiza nomonde Stiven Hoking kunye nomdlali Kristofer Riv. Uluntu akazange ayithande into yokuba ii- experimenti abantu.

Ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo

Baton ngeentlawulo abamba kuphela ngo-2002, ukutshintsha kancinane imisebenzi. Ngaphambi koku, amalinge babedalelwe ukufunda abohlukeneyo kwi siseko. Izazinzulu, kwakubalulekile ukuba ukuvavanya ukuba kunokwenzeka ukudibanisa intloko ubuncinane omnye umntu kwinkqubo kwegazi.

Ngoku, ke, kwakukho enye injongo phambi kwabo - nervous system. Kwafuneka nje ukuba athimbe entloko, kodwa ukuyenza isebenze umzimba omtsha. Isisombululo wathatha yaseJapan. Ukuthintela ukufa ngokukhawuleza kwalapho nokulondoloza umsebenzi lwemoto kwezilwanyana, ukuba wehlile emzimbeni intloko kunye novavanyo.

Amalinge zenziwa iimpuku. Amnqumla intloko, abicah ityhubhu inxibelelanisa iimpahla intloko nomzimba, koko eya luvo. Imicu ekwakheni going under neemicroscope, usebenzisa Polymer ethylene ethers. Ke yesondo plates umqolo kunye sutured ijwabu kwezihlunu. Izilwanyana bakwazi ukushukumisa imilenze, kodwa akazange aphile ixesha elide.

Ucwaningo abantu

kweminyaka elishumi kamva, ubugcisa ezisetyenziselwa linga obeku-. Phantsi kwesikhokelo neurosurgeon Chinese Xiaoping Ren wathabatha enye nenkawu intloko esinye. Ngaphambi koko, iqondo lobushushu kwakhe uphose ukuya uphawu degrees 15. inyama luvo wesilwanyana umonakalo ngokupheleleyo, enika izazinzulu ithemba elitsha.

Wothuka ukuvelela Chinese Sergio Kanavero. Ngo-2013, wavakalisa esidlangalaleni ukuba uza kwenza umsebenzi onjalo, kodwa le ndoda. Italian uqinisekile ukuba amava kutshanje kunye inkawu yaqinisekisa ukulungela amayeza akhe ukuze njengenyathelo elibalulekileyo enjalo.

Kakade ke, oku kufuna ukulungiselela elide. Inkqubo kukodwa ukusebenza ifuna ukuphuculwa kunye practice. Emva kokuba impumelelo iimpuku kwaba isiqu. Uninzi "kwezigulane" yokuqala baye bahlala efe, ngoxa abanye kufa ngokukhawuleza.

Kuhlwayelwe intloko uhlelo

Ngoku izazinzulu baxakekile ukhangela nabaxhasi kunye namaqela. Olu tyando ucwangciselwe Disemba 2017. Sergio Kanavero ithi ukuba kuya kuthatha malunga 36 iiyure. Kuya kufuneka oogqirha malunga nekhulu no-12 lezigidi zeerandi.

NjengeVolontiya ngokuba umsebenzi sele kufunyenwe. Kuya kuba Russian Valery Spiridonov - wenkqubo emzini Vladimir. Umfana ukubandezeleka yoma spinal dystrophy. Sisifo yemizila yemfuza, nto leyo iphazamisane umsebenzi yomlenze izihlunu, intloko kunye nentamo.

Valery Spiridonov rhoqo Liqhagamshelana neqela izazinzulu, bexoxa iinkcukacha ukusebenza kunye nenkqubela projekthi. umngcipheko wakho yena uyazazi, koko okholwa kwimpumelelo nokuhlola lithemba. Nabantu bakhe sifo bahlala kancinane kakhulu, kodwa Valery wakwazi ukuhlala ku-30, owaphumelela esikolweni kunye eyunivesithi ukufumana umsebenzi, mhlawumbi, inyathelo elilandelayo kuya kubangela ekuphumeleleni.

Ethics kunye abagxeki

Uqikelelo Loqhaqho Head 2017 kwavusa yokusabela eyomeleleyo ekuhlaleni. Abachasi le ngcamango ziye zohlulwa kwiinkampu ezimbini eziphambili. Kuqala ephazamisana kwicala ngentsulungeko umba, abanye qiniseka ukuba ukwenza oku iqhinga, ngelishwa, akunakwenzeka.

Abameli ezinkonzo ezahlukahlukeneyo zonqulo bakholelwa ukuba uqhaqho bubutshaba kunye noThixo. Izenzo ezinjalo ngokukhuselekileyo kuqwalaselwa nokudalwa umzimba omtsha, njengoko oku Lilungelo uMdali. Ukongeza, inkqubo uthathwa nemvelo. Oku kuchasene nomthetho yendalo buphazamisana kunye nesicwangciso olukhulu.

Abagxekayo nje siqiniseke ukuba uluntu iye alikafiki ekhula. Abaninzi musa ukukhanyela ithuba utyando olunjalo kwixesha elizayo esikude, kodwa hayi ngoku. Eyona engundoqo ngxoxo iyaphendulwa uphuhliso zaneleyo zobugcisa, kwakunye ezininzi iingxaki zengqondo ze isigulane xa kuthe impumelelo nokuhlola.