Imfundo into ezentlalo nezenkcubeko inkqubo zokufundisa

View imfundo into sociocultural inokuba sinoluvo lokuba le nkqubo sele yenziwe zize zisasazwe ngqo kuluntu. Ngapha koko, yena gqolo onxulumene ubomi babantu, izakhono zabo kunye nobuchule, anendima ebalulekileyo ukuqhubela phambili kuphuhliso lwabasebenzi.

Concepts ukubunjwa kunye nenkqubo zokufundisa

Njengoko kuchaziwe kwimisebenzi zenzululwazi ezininzi, imfundo - uqeqesho kunye nemfundo, kwakunye nabafundi ekufumaneni amava entlalo-zembali. Apha ungadibanisa i nokwenziwa izakhono ezithile. Ngelo xesha nye kuzo zonke izinto lowu imfundo njengento into zentlalo nenkcubeko ivela njenge isenzeko, inkampani wadala ize ilawulwe nguye. Le mimiselo esemthethweni ye-Russian Federation, eli gama kuthathwa into ezinzima kuquka kungekuphela nje inkqubo yokufunda, kodwa ukuba ufundisa isizukulwana esitsha.

Yiloo nto sinako sithi ngokuzithemba ukuba pedagogy - inzululwazi lweempawu zemfundo. Igubungela uluhlu olubanzi iindlela ze uluhlu ngobuntu yoluntu ukubethelela ulwazi. kanye Ingcamango inkqubo yemfundo ilula kakhulu - oko angamelwa njenge intsebenziswano obunenjongo rhoqo phakathi utitshala nabafundi bakhe.

Imfundo njengexabiso lwentlalo

Ukuze kwakhiwe uluntu kufuneka nemithetho ethile, imigaqo kunye neemfuno. Ngokuhambelana nabo nokuphuhlisa uluntu lutshintsha abasisigxina ngokungqinelana ukuhla kwi-bume esingqongileyo - zobugcisa, zendalo, zembali. Imfundo into zentlalo nenkcubeko kunye nenkqubo zokufundisa ithathwa njengesakhi esibalulekileyo senkqubo yonikezelo elihle kwezentlalo. Ijolise kuphuhliso oluhlanganisiweyo ubuntu owabumba umntu iimpawu gqolo yokuziphatha, kunye nokubunjwa kwayo nokomzimba. Ukubiza lo mkhuba ukuvusa urhulumente, ukuze ndithethe, lo ummi ofanelekileyo, nayo yonke nofundiso ixabiso mihla.

Ngokuxhomekeke kuphuhliswa njani inkqubo yemfundo kwilizwe lethu kakuhle, kwaye kuxhomekeka kumgangatho kunamathelwano yoluntu yayo. And vice versa - ingakumbi inkqubo yezopolitiko, imeko yezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko kunefuthe elingqalileyo umfanekiso yale yenziwayo nabantu, nto leyo efuna ukuba ukuphinda-ukudala isikolo esifanelekileyo.

Ixabiso orientation zenkqubo yemfundo

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ukuyilwa kwemimiselo ezilawulwa zentlalo, nto leyo ngcembe ibunjiwe njengoko ixhomekeke phezu ezahlukeneyo iimeko zangaphandle. Phantsi kwimpembelelo inkqubela kubugcisa nakuqoqosho wadala ku-umhla kunye nenkqubo yokufunda okwangoku kakhulu ngempumelelo. Oku, enyanisweni, esizibonakalisa njengoko ukuyilwa into yentlalo nenkcubeko. phambili ukubaluleka kwemfundo nangoku ngokwesiseko bafunda nayiphi na inzululwazi.

Ukuba sijonge isifundo solu shicilelo, unako ukufumana inani elikhulu ezininzi ukukhuthaza inkqubo zokufundisa kwifomu apho ukuba ixhaswa inkcubeko yoluntu ngexesha elinikiweyo. Ngokubanzi, zonke izinto ixabiso zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela eziliqela. Abahlanu kubo:

• Amaxabiso ezijoliswe imvume lwentlalo.
• ixabiso bakhe boqhagamshelwano.
• amaxabiso Creative.
• Amaxabiso ukuze self-kufezekiswe.
• amaxabiso kokwenzekayo.

Izimilo iqela ngalinye kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

Amaxabiso ezijoliswe imvume lwentlalo

Ngoko akukho mfihlelo ukuba kuyo yonke indawo, utitshala uthathwa njengomsebenzi ophambili nohlonipheke kakhulu. Ngoko ke, singakwazi ukuthetha ngayo intsingiselo yalo neyezenkcubeko ongqongileyo kwezentlalo. Ootitshala yokusingqongileyo njengabantu umntu 'bakhe ", nto leyo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo lokusekwa kuluntu eceleni. Eli qela lwamaxabiso - enye indibaniselwano eziphambili aqhelekileyo kweenkcukatha imfundo multidimensionality njengoko abanawo kunye nenkcubeko.

ixabiso ukuxhumana

Ukuthetha ulwimi isayensi, unxibelelwano nga ozakuthathwa inkqubo yonxibelelwano. Ngengqiqo emxinwa ngakumbi, lo utshintshiselwano ulwazi oluthile, kuquka intsebenziswano ngokweemvakalelo phakathi kwabantu. Unxibelelwano ezendeleyo ngamnye njengoko lokuyeka, ngoko ngaphandle kuyo, ayikwazi ngokuqhelekileyo kubakho njengelungu lombutho woluntu.

ixabiso ngokunxibelelana yemfundo ezinxulumene ngqo kwiqela elidlulileyo. loqhawulo-kumsebenzi wokufundisa kukhokelela ekubeni umntu uziva ikhonkco epheleleyo yabantu emanyeneyo, uyakwazi ukunxibelelana rhoqo nabanye abantu rhoqo kunye nokwandisa isangqa zabo zentlalo.

amanani creative

Kweli hlabathi yanamhlanje yomsebenzi iye yaba yinxalenye yophuhliso ngokupheleleyo wonke umntu njengomntu oqeqeshiweyo intsimi zabo kanye nje ngabanye. Imfundo into zentlalo nenkcubeko kunye nobume bayo ngoku isekelwe kwi imfuneko yendlela nangezakhono naluphi na uhlobo lomsebenzi, ingakumbi kwinkqubo yoqeqesho. Ukufundisa abafundi babo, utitshala kufuneka khangela indlela umntu ngamnye kubo. Nawuphi na umntwana - umntu owahlukileyo, ngoko awunaku kwazi ukusebenzisa enye indlela yokufundisa bonke abantwana. Indlela umntu uqeqesho lootitshala iphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwenkqubo. Ngelo xesha ngamandla ukwakha neempawu zomfundi ngamnye, oko kukuthi, ugxininiso ayikho ngoko ukufundisa uluntu kwi imodeli ethile uze uyile uluntu Isicwangciso esimbaxa amaninzi.

Iinqobo ezibonelela self

Njengoko kuba nefuthe kolu hlobo ixabiso kwizinto ezenziwa ngootitshala, zisenza umsebenzi wakhe kwakunye nophuhliso self yokuziphatha kunye yokomoya. Utitshala kuphela ukufunda izisekelo lokufundisa ityala, kodwa siphucukile rhoqo kule ndawo. Kule meko, imfundo into zentlalo nenkcubeko ityhila kakhulu ngokubanzi.

Into ebalulekileyo yalo qela lwamaxabiso - nokuzinikezela utitshala ishishini. Utitshala banomdla kakhulu kwinkqubo yemfundo, kokukhona ngokwayo liphumeza zombini umntu onolwazi nangokomsebenzi abanobuchule.

amanani kokwenzekayo

Ngokomzekelo, kufuneka kungabangela inkqubo amazwe yemfundo. Phesheya, lo msebenzi imfundiso kangaka nje kuphela kunye noluntu estimability kakhulu, kodwa ethembisa kakhulu. utitshala Young, unyuka usiya kwinqanaba lokuqala kwinkalo yezemfundo, sele kukho ndawo olukhulu elizayo ngempumelelo. Oko ukongeza kuphuhliso ngokomoya nokufezekiswa professional uya kuzanelisa iimfuno zakhe nokunganyanzelisi nto; Umnqweno zophuhliso umsebenzi, umvuzo eyaneleyo, njalo-njalo ..

Yona ithi zasekhaya, ukuba umgangatho kodwa hayi phezulu kangangokuba ubonakalise ixabiso lemali kwabasebenzi kwiindawo ezifana nemfundo. abanawo kunye nenkcubeko, Noko ke, ungaboniswa kukuba utitshala - ayikho nje uhlobo lomsebenzi, nakumsebenzi wobutitshala zihlawulwe rhoqo. Oko kukuthi, ukufundisa abantwana izakhono ezithile kunye nobuchule, utitshala kuphela self-lokuphumeza, kodwa ithuba ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabo kubalulekile.

imisebenzi yemfundo

Nawuphi na umsebenzi isoloko ijoliswe ekufezekiseni na njongo. Oku kusebenza kwinkqubo yezemfundo, njengoko awukwazi khona ngokwawo, kodwa kuphela kwimeko ukuba inkampani efuna oko. Ngoko ke, le meko linemisebenzi emibini engundoqo: uqeqesho kunye nemfundo.

Kwimeko yokuqala, injongo imisebenzi emfundo - ukuze uncede umntwana wakho afunde ulwazi oluthile, ukufunda izakhono ukwakha izakhono kwakunye ukujonga iinjongo ubomi msebenzi wabo elizayo. Ngenxa yoko, nathi wakha isiseko kuphuhliso ubuntu ngokupheleleyo yaye ubhetyebhetye kwixesha elizayo. Umsebenzi yokufunda utyhila imfundo into yentlalo nenkcubeko kwimeko inkqubo; ebalulekileyo kurhulumente nakuluntu ngokubanzi.

Imfundo ukubuza ezixhasayo umntwana ukuba afumane ulwazi oluyimfuneko. Ngapha koko, asinguye wonke umfundi uyakuqonda ukubaluleka kwale nkqubo yokufunda ikamva layo. Ngoko ke, umsebenzi utitshala kukukhuthaza ukuba wenze njalo.

Inkqubo yipharadaym basic zemfundo

Ukuqalisa ukuqwalasela lo mba, ukuze uqalise ukuchaza umongo walo. Wenguqulo - iseti izityalo ezithile, ubuchule theoretical okanye ezenziwayo zenziwa kuluntu lwezenzululwazi njengomzekelo amanyathelo kwindawo ethile. imigangatho ezinjalo ezikhoyo kwinkqubo yemfundo. Izazinzulu ukwahlukanisa iindlela ezine paradigms ze isenzeko:

• Cognitive (focus on kuphuhliso ingcamango).
• Qhuba oriented (individualization ekufundiswa).
• Functionalist (esihambelanayo imigaqo yokuziphatha oluntu).
• Culturological (Umbono loo mntu njengoko inkcubeko subject).

Imfundo njengenkqubo zokufundisa

Yeyona umsebenzi wokufundisa ubuntu ebalulekileyo yentlalo uchaza imfundo njengento into yentlalo nenkcubeko. inkqubo yemfundo yaye inkqubo yesicelo yayo ijoliswe ekufezekiseni le njongo. Ngenxa yentsebenziswano obunenjongo ngendlela phakathi utitshala nabafundi sakhe nolwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze uphuhliso oluqhubekayo ngamnye. Yaba zoqhagamshelwano le utitshala kunye abafundi babo kuqwalaselwa ngaphakathi kwinkqubo yemfundo.

Lo mqondo ayikwazi kuphela ukuba naziphi na amacandelo ezithile zesakhiwo. Inkqubo Ukufundisa yindlela imigqakhwe apho isixa esikhulu lweziqalelo ibekwe ukubunjwa. Kwaye, nokuba uzimele akurhawukanga nayiphi na kula, kuba iya kuthathwa ezingephi. inkqubo yemfundo ayikwazi lifike nayiphi kwesisekelo - kunoko, ukhonza link.

Regularities yenkqubo zokufundisa

Imfundo into zentlalo nenkcubeko kunye nenkqubo zokufundisa luphawulwa yimithetho ethile, ezizezi:

• Le Dynamics ukuhamba.
• Ubudlelwane ithiyori practice ekufundiseni.
• Umanyano phakathi kolwazi kunye nomsebenzi zokufundisa.
• Development of the ngamnye kwinkqubo yokufunda yemfundo.
• Olusetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya.
• Ngabafundi enika abafundi ukuba basebenze.

inkqubo yokufundisa kunye nezinto zalo

Isakhiwo - inkalo kubalulekile ukuba umahluko imfundo into zentlalo nenkcubeko kunye nenkqubo zokufundisa. Ngokufutshane, umntu uthi oku kulandelayo: le meko ubunjwe amacandelo ahlukeneyo ngokubanzi ke edityaniswe kwenye kwinkqubo ehlangene. Izinto noshowo inkqubo zemfundo ziquka:

• Ukuchaza iinjongo kunye nemisebenzi engundoqo imisebenzi nezoqeqesho zexa elizayo.
• Ukuseka unxibelelwano phakathi utitshala kunye nabafundi.
• isicelo elichanekileyo iindlela, iindlela kunye iintlobo zemfundo.
• Ukudala imeko apho abafundi baya kuba enisebenzela ukuqonda iinkcukacha.

amaziko emfundo Complex

Ukuba urhulumente izama ukwakha uluntu ofanelekileyo, kufuneka asebenzise imali ukulungiselela le njongo. Njengoko amaziko, izenzo ezahlukeneyo olunzima Ukwakheka. Ngamnye kubo lizisa iinkqubo zoqeqesho ezithile zokuqhubela uqeqesho lokuqhelaniswa nezifundo. Kule utoliko wemfundo into zentlalo nenkcubeko kunye nexabiso yabantu iba karhulumente okanye mandithi intsingiselo yomthetho.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi kumaziko emfundo:

• Enkulisa.
• Secondary.
• Special.
• Professional.

Uhlobo lokuqala imelwe nemibutho eziguqulweyo, iindawo, izikolo, uphuhliso kwangethuba, kunye nezinye izakhiwo efanayo. Kula maziko zazide inkqubo ezitshayelela yemfundo yabantwana, nto leyo ligxile ekulungiseleleni nangokwasengqondweni umntwana ukuze imfundo ephakamileyo.

imfundo jikelele yabemi oluqhutywa ezikolweni, umthambo kunye lyceums. Ngokuqhelekileyo, bahlukene ngezigaba ezithathu: ekuqaleni, eziziprayimari nezizisekondari.

amaziko ezizodwa (zokubhoda uhlobo yesikolo wezobulungiswa) zenzelwe ukuba abantwana abakhubazeke ngokwasemzimbeni ukuba babe ngamalungu ngokupheleleyo oluntu. Oku kubonisa ngokucacileyo imfundo kanye into yentlalo nenkcubeko.

Ngokufutshane malunga amaziko zoqeqesho kwezemfundo: ukuba abuyise ukuswela kwabasebenzi eziyimfuneko kweli lizwe, ukulungiselela amakhono ezithile. Ezi ziquka ukusekwa lokuqala (vocational), aphakamileyo (iikholeji, izikolo zobugcisa) kunye nemfundo ephakamileyo (kwiiyunivesithi, amaziko, zezifundiswa) kwinqanaba.

Imfundo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo phakathi kwabantu. Le nyaniso kwaye ikuchaza ngokuthi into yentlalo nenkcubeko. Yintoni na - yinkolelo eyenziwe abantu, okanye isixhobo yobukho layo - umbuzo kakhulu impikiswano. Kodwa, enyanisweni, zombini iinguqulelo ziyinyani.