Anna Pavlova: biography kunye photo. Le webhaleyi omkhulu Russian

Le webhaleyi Russian omkhulu Anna Pavlova wazalwa -12 Februwari 1881 eSt Petersburg. Le ntwazana ongumgqakhwe, unina wakhe wasebenza abe ngumkhonzazana kule bhanki ezaziwayo-kakuhle Lazar Polyakov, yena kucingwa uyise womntwana. Yemali ngokwakhe na ukubandakanyeka imizalwane yakhe bendingamazi, kodwa akazange engqondweni into yokuba intombazana kwabhalwa Anna Lazarevna.

Mother Anna Polyakova wemka ekhaya umntwana waza wabahlalisa kwimimandla St Petersburg. Le ntombazana wakhulela kwaye yaphuhliswa phantsi kweliso nonina, abo bazama ngamandla ukufundisa intombi yakhe uthando zobugcisa.

biography Creative UAnny Pavlovoy

Ngenye imini umama bathabatha Anna ukuya Mariinsky Theatre. Wanika "Sleeping Beauty" Petra Ilicha Chaykovskogo. Ngenxa izandi zokuqala iokhestra Anya etsha. Emva koko ke ntsho zomdaniso, breathlessly, intliziyo yakhe fluttered yimincili, ngathi ukuchukumisa ngobuhle.

Xa isenzo yesibini, amakhwenkwe kunye namantombazana eqongeni dancing waltz.

- Ngaba ungathanda ukudanisa? - Wathi unina ka-Anna ngexesha lekhefu, ibhekisela nengoma umdaniso.

- No ... Ndifuna ukuba ukudanisa, njengoko wenza ubuhle ilele ... - kuphendula intombazane.

Emva kotyelelo kwindawo liyana ekuthiwa Mariinsky Theatre Anna Waphupha malunga ballet. Zonke iincoko apha ekhaya ngoku kuphela kubugcisa choreographic, intombazana kususela kusasa kude kuhlwe zingqungqa phambi esipilini, waya avuke kunye ingcamango ballet. Oyithandayo babengandifunanga njengomntwana, ukudanisa yaba yinxalenye yobomi bakhe.

Unina, akubona oku, wathabatha Anna esikolweni ballet. Ngelo xesha, loo ntombazana kwayona eneminyaka esibhozo ubudala. Ootitshala bacetyiswa ukuba eze kwiminyaka emibini, xa siqwalasela isakhono ukuqina ka-Ani. Ngowe-1891, i-ngumdanisi elizayo usiwe eSt Petersburg Academy of Theatre Arts kwi kwisebe ballet.

Study enxibe umlinganiswa Spartan, yonke into subordinated uqeqesho engqongqo, nomsebenzi yathatha iiyure ezisibhozo ngosuku. Kodwa ke ngo-1898, Anna waphumelela kwikholeji iimbeko. yokusebenza ebizwa "dryads Ngengqondo" yona intombazana yangqungqa Party ubungumngcamli intombi.

Anna nangoko wathabatha kwi Mariinsky Theatre. bt lwakhe ballet "yanto Ukulumka" kwi pas de Trois (ezintathu umdaniso). Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, uAnna Pavlova yangqungqa indima ekhokelayo ekumiseleni umculo ngu ezinjengoCesare Pugni "Ntombi I kaFaro." Ke iqala ngumdanisi wenza njengoko Nikia kwi "La Bayadere", awawabeka ngokwayo Marius Petipa, ubhishophu ballet Russian. Ngowe-1903, Pavlov sele wenza indima ekhokelayo ballet "Giselle".

uphuhliso

Ngowe-1906, uAnna wamiselwa ukuba ngumdanisi phambili laseKirov Ballet. Oku kwaqala kakhulu umsebenzi uphendlo creative lweefomu ezintsha. ballet Russian efunekayo updates, kunye uPauline wakwazi ukwenza imifanekiso ezininzi ngomoya ixesha lethu, ukusebenza kunye choreographer Aleksandrom Gorskim ngcungela ngubani aspired ukuya komdlalo zesakhiwo wayengumxhasi azinikele ngenxa yentlekele kumdaniso.

Anna Pavlova and uMikhail Fokin

Kwinkulungwane yama-20 ze-ballet Russian wayephantsi kweempembelelo imisinga loHlaziyo. Enye abaxhasi bangi kukho utshintsho olukhulu kwi ubugcisa ballet yaba choreographer uMikhail Fokin. Wala ukusuka ukwahlulwa yemveli le yimidlalo dance. A into ngakumbi wenguquko Fokine waye ukupheliswa kwiimo eseziprintiwe e ballet, iintshukumo kunye nendibaniselwano. Uthe improvisation kumdaniso njengesiseko yonke ballet.

Anna Pavlova wenza njengophume yokuqala amaqela engundoqo neziveliso ze Mihaila Fokina. Loo "ebusuku umYiputa", "Berenice," "Les Sylphides", "umdiliya", "uYunike," "Le Pavillon d'Armide". Kodwa umphumo engundoqo intsebenziswano yaba ballet "I Swan Afe" umculo ngu Saint-Saëns, nto leyo wabumisela ukuze abe ngomnye iisimboli ballet Russian zenkulungwane yama-20. Imbali webhaleyi Pavlova kuhlangene nale isemagqabini komnyhadala. indawo Ballet of a nenkuku yamanzi ukufa kothusa ihlabathi.

NgoDisemba 1907 ekonsathini sa Anna Pavlova wenza i "Swan Afe". Umqambi Camille Saint-Saëns, owayekho ngelo xesha, ebona utoliko umculo wakhe waza wavakalisa uyabathanda enzulu miniatures yokusebenza abanetalente. Yena buqu wabulela webhaleyi ngenxa yenkolelo, waguqa ngedolo, esithi: "Enkosi kuwe, ndaqonda ukuba ndakwazi ukubhala umculo omnandi."

Le webhaleyi kakhulu kuzo zonke amazwekazi baye bazama ukwenza ballet ezincinane odumileyo. Emva Anna Pavlova waphumelela ngokupheleleyo Maya Plisetskaya.

uhambo angaphandle

Ngowe-1907, i-Imperial Mariinsky Theatre wahambela kwelinye. Ngomdlalo zaye zabanjwa e Stockholm. Kungekudala emva kokubuya kwakhe eRashiya Anna Pavlova, lo webhaleyi adumileyo yehlabathi, washiya yokubonela lomthonyama, ubunzima kakhulu kule nto, njengoko kwakufuneka ukuhlawula isohlwayo enkulu ngenxa yokusilela kwekhontrakthi. Noko ke, oku akuzange ayeke ngumdanisi.

impilo Personal

Anna Pavlova, lo webhaleyi kunye nezicwangciso creative ebanzi, waya eParis, waqalisa apho inxaxheba "amaxesha Russian" yaye kungekudala waba inkwenkwezi le projekthi. Emva koko wadibana Victor Dandre, a Connoisseur enkulu ubuchule ballet, lowo ngoko nangoko wathabatha ukusekelwa Anna wayeka ekwindlu yakhe namadlelo Paris, exhobele udidi umdaniso. Noko ke, oko kuxabisa imali eninzi kakhulu, yaye Dandre wayichitha imali karhulumente, apho wabanjwa kwaye ufake kwi ematyaleni.

Ke Pavlova Anna Pavlovna waqukumbela zibiza kakhulu, kodwa ke isivumelwano semali kunye London arhente "Braff", ngaphantsi kwayo enze yonke imihla, kabini ngemini. Le mali wanceda ukuba ahlangule Victor Dandre entolongweni, njengoko kucinywa ityala lakhe. Lovers satshata amabandla Orthodox Paris.

Weentaka kwi yomphefumlo webhaleyi

Emva Pavlov wasebenza ngokuyinxenye phantsi isivumelwano ne-arhente "Braff", yena wadala inkampani yakhe ballet waza waqalisa ukuthetha zivuyelele eFransi kunye UK. yalungisa ngokupheleleyo-arhente, uAnna Pavlova, ubomi bakhe liye lalungiswa, wazinza kunye Dandre eLondon. ekhaya wabo House Ivy yi ipomakazi lendlu kunye echibini okufutshane, apho wayehlala khona weentaka ezintle emhlophe. Ukususela ngoku ubomi uAnny Pavlovoy kunxibelelene ngokusondeleyo kule ndlu emangalisayo, neentaka amanene. Webhaleyi ifumana intuthuzelo bethetha weentaka.

umsebenzi olunye

Pavlova Anna Pavlovna, indalo kukuthi, izicwangciso baziswa esebenzayo kuphuhliso yakhe yokudala. Umyeni wakhe, ngethamsanqa, ngesaquphe ndafumanisa ubuchule abangene ekuveliseni nokukhuthaza umsebenzi yomfazi wayo. Waba umphathi esemthethweni uAnny Pavlovoy, kwaye ngumdanisi enkulu akaba saba Ungakhathazeki ngekamva labo, kwaba ezandleni elungileyo.

Ngowe-1913 no-1914 i-ngumdanisi lwenziwa eMoscow ne St Petersburg, kuquka Mariinsky Theatre, apho lokugqibela yangqungqa Nikia. E Moscow, Anna Pavlova weza kwi imeko egadini Mirror Theatre "Hermitage". Emva kwale ntetho, yena baya kuhambo olude Europe. Emva koko kulandele iinyanga ezininzi bhasi eUnited States, Brazil, Chile kunye Argentina. Koko, emva kwekhefwana nje elifutshane, Dandre walungelelanisa uhambo Australia kunye namazwe Asia.

Abantu bafune utshintsho

Emva kule minyaka yokuqala Mariinsky Theatre, emva kokugqiba isikolo, Anna Pavlova waziva amandla ukutshintsha izinqumo esekwe kwi ubugcisa ballet. dancer Young lifumana ezibalulekile kuyo. Wacinga ukuba komnyhadala nga kwandiswa kwaye natyetyiswa iindlela ezintsha. Yakudala ye uhlobo kwabonakala ngandlel lixesha, efuna uphuculo olukhulu.

Izingeniso indima yakhe 'amanyathelo Ize ", Pavlov wacebisa Marius Petipa ukwenza nyathelo wotshitsho kwaye endaweni sisiketi elifutshane crinoline isondo ukuya ingubo ende kufanelekile, becaphula odumileyo Mariyu Taloni, ummeli we-ballet yeXesha Romantic, leyo eyaqamba izihlangu Tutu kunye Pointe, kwaye aphinde ayilahle ngakwicala sisiketi emfutshane impahla eziwayo.

Choreographer Petipa waphulaphula ngokokubona Anna, bayilungisa, Marius bayilinda umdaniso ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni. Emva koko, uTutu waba lesiphumo zomsebenzi ezifana "Swan Lake", apho sisiketi elifutshane efanelekileyo ukulungiselela indlela. Abaninzi ingqalelo ukusungulwa ingubo njengoko uhlobo ezingundoqo ballet banxibe ukugxojwa izinqumo, kodwa kunjalo elide elibaleka iimpahla webhaleyi kamva ibandakanywa vutshila nesinxibo zomdaniso njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yokusebenza.

Ubugcisa kunye nokuphakanyiswa

Anna Pavlova yena ngokuba ngokwayo umqalisi wenguquko. Uyazingca ukuba akwazi ukushiya "bye-ntle" (ingubo crinoline,), nizenzele ngakumbi ngokufanelekileyo. Kwakufuneka ukuba uphikise kubagwebi ballet yesintu kanye ndizenzayo, ziyandingqinela ukuba Tutu hayi ele midlalo. Nokuba izinxibo kumabala emidlalo kufuneka zikhethwe ngokungqinelana noko kwenzeka eqongeni, kunokuba baxhasa izinqumo yamandulo.

Abachasi uPawulos wayesithi ukuba imilenze evulekileyo - ikakhulu umboniso ubugcisa umdaniso. Anna wavuma, kodwa wavakalisa inkululeko engakumbi kwi ukukhethwa costume. Ecinga ukuba crinoline elide siye ibeliqela lesiphumo zemfundo ngokupheleleyo Akunyanzelekanga ukuba sibe nobuchule. imithetho ezisesikweni ziye emacaleni aso omabini, kodwa lona ilizwi lokugqibela wabona ukuba makaye kuluntu.

Anna Pavlova Wazohlwaya enye kuphela kuswela ingubo ende - ingubo, ndayihluthwa webhaleyi "porhlivosti". Lelo lizwi weza ngokwakhe, lo gama kwakuthetha ukuba ezibayeni eziqhotyoshelwe phantsi isindululo eziphaphazelayo umzimba, okanye mandithi, bamfihla uhambo ngokwalo. Kodwa ke Anna uye wafunda ukuxhaphaza eli isiphako. Webhaleyi wacela ukuba iqabane ukuze bamphose ngaphezulu kancinane kunesiqhelo, yaye yonke into yawela ndawo. Kumdaniso kwakukho inkululeko efunekayo yokuhamba nobabalo.

Serge Lifar: zagxila

"Andizange ndibone yesandi kwaphezulu, airiness ikhaphukhaphu kunye belolonga kangaka." I Wabhala ke choreographer inkulu French Serge Lifar kwi intlanganiso wakhe webhaleyi Russian ekukruqulayo Pavlovoy.

"Ukususela mzuzu yokuqala yoyiswa imikrolo ngemvelo, yena lowo, yangqungqa, ukuba kuphefumlwa njani lula kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo. Kwakungekho umnqweno ukulungisa fuete ballet, amaqhinga virtuoso. Kuphela ubuhle bendalo intshukumo yomzimba zendalo ndandifeketha na, airiness ..."

"Ndabona uPawulos nto ngumdanisi, wawo umdaniso. Wabuza kum ukusuka phezulu emhlabeni, bendingenako ukuthetha okanye ukuhlola. Uyaqhwalela akubanga, akukho kuba isithixo."

Yokuhambela kunye nezibalo

Anna Pavlova ubomi yokuhambela esebenzayo iminyaka engama-22. Ngeli xesha ke wathatha inxaxheba imidlalo ezisithoba amawaka, isibini kwisithathu kuzo ukususela ekwenzeni lweendima eziphambili. Ukusuka edolophini ukuya edolophini, webhaleyi ukoyisa akukho kweekhilomitha ngaphantsi kwama-500 amawaka ngololiwe. inkosi Italian ukwenza izihlangu zebhaleyi bathunga for Anna Pavlova amawaka amabini izibini eziflethi okanye ezitsolo ngonyaka ngamnye.

Phakathi ezininzi yohambo webhaleyi ebambe nomyeni wakhe kwikhaya lakhe, phakathi weentaka ngesandla, emthunzini lemithi, kufuphi echibini nangoku ecocekileyo. Ngowe nokuhambela onjalo Dandre wamema umfoti owaziwayo Lafayette, owenza uthotho lwemifanekiso uAnny Pavlovoy kunye nedada wakhe othandekayo. Namhlanje, le mifanekiso sijongwe kukhunjulwa webhaleyi enkulu zenkulungwane yama-20.

E Australia, wokuwonga elaa webhaleyi Russian Anna Pavlova weza dessert "Pavlova" eneziqhamo exotic kongezwe a meringue. Hi ndlela leyi, Zealand bathi baye babumba eli siphathane elinuka.

Xa Anna Pavlova yangqungqa eqongeni ethandwayo ngomdaniso wesintu Mexican "Tapati Kharab," elithetha "dance with umnqwazi," ukuchaza lwakhe. EMexico dancer ngehlombe yaphosa iminqwazi indawo yonke. Yaye ngowe-1924, lo mdaniso kwathiwa mdaniso yesizwe waseMexico Republic.

E China, Anna Pavlova kumangaliswa abaphulaphuli, yangqungqa non-stop 37 fuete kwiqonga encinane, efakwe kwi ngasemva indlovu, ehamba phezu entsimini.

Abalimi Dutch ziye zakhula iintlobo ezizodwa amahle umbala omhlophe, ezafumana igama webhaleyi enkulu Anna Pavlova. iintyatyambo exhamle ubuncwane on ngomzimba iziqu, njengoko Libonakalisa ubabalo.

E London, wakha iqela ezikhumbuzo ezahlukeneyo lunikezelwa webhaleyi. Ngamnye kubo bobabo ixesha elithile yobomi bakhe. Ezintathu lesikhumbuzo efakiweyo kufuphi nendlu Ivy House apho Pavlov uye waphila uninzi lobomi bakhe.

Ana a kwabaswele emangalisayo, yena eganiweyo ngothando, wavula ezintandane eziliqela kunye dosshouses abantwana abangenamakhaya. Amantombazana kunye namakhwenkwe weendwendwe la maziko kunye ukukwazi ukudanisa, baye bakhethwa wathumela umdaniso abantwana yesikolo, vula indlu Ivy House.

Yahlula isenzo sa Anna Pavlova lokuphefumla yayo indlala kummandla iVolga. Ukongeza, xa isicelo yayo rhoqo ukuthumela iipasile ukuya eSt Petersburg ballet yesikolo.

Ukufa dancer enkulu

Anna Pavlova wabulawa yinyumoniya Januwari 23, 1931 The Hague, ngexesha khenketho. Webhaleyi kwi indlela abandayo kwigumbi ebandayo. uthuthu bakhe columbarium yi "Golders Green", eLondon. I ingqayi ibekwe ecaleni kumabhodlo umyeni wakhe uVictor Dandre.

Lo mboniso, wadala kwinkumbulo uAnny Pavlovoy

Ubomi kunye bayahlelwa webhaleyi edumileyo lwabonakala umboniso umabonakude of a ezintlanu abaqalise ahlelwa Emile Lotyanu.

imbali mboniso ubalisa ubomi elifutshane kodwa ubunzima le webhaleyi enkulu yindoda entle egama Anna Pavlova. 1983, ixesha imveliso uchunge ikhusi, waba unyaka 102 isikhumbuzo ukuzalwa dancer. Le filimu ababandakanyekayo eninzi abalinganiswa kunye nendima uPawulos wathi actress Galina Belyaeva.