Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich: biography kunye photo

Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich - ngunozala kukho indlu iphela iinzululwazi ndandingenakho nokulicingela ubomi bam kungekho ngeenkwenkwezi. Unyana wakhe, abazukulwana, umzukulwana nkwenkwezi ezinikele ukukhonza inzululwazi. Isazinzulu German nesiRashiya, umseki ngeenkwenkwezi, ilungu St Petersburg Academy leNzululwazi, umlawuli yokuqala Pulkovo Observatory, umseki zoMbutho Geographical Russian - owayengekho kuphela Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve.

curriculum vitae

Umsunguli ubukhosi dumeke wazalwa ngo 1793 ngo Altona - idolophu encinane German. Uyise yena umlawuli we Izabelo yasekuhlaleni. Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve; ogama photo kuyo zonke iincwadi zezifundo ngeenkwenkwezi, ekuqaleni kwaba imfundo ezahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala kwaba philology. Uqeqesho Isazinzulu elizayo yayibanjelwe Tartu University, apho ngoku kuthiwa Tartu. Nakuba kunjalo, yakhe ebiza Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich - ngunozala elo yaka ngeenkwenkwezi - ifumaneka zenzululwazi zendalo.

Ukuganga phantsi philology kayise, lo mfana sele eneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu walungiselelwa ngokupheleleyo zokwamkelwa kwabafundi kumaziko emfundo ephakamileyo. Ngelo xesha, umntakwabo omdala babesele lokufundiswa yokujima ka Dorpat. Yiloo nto, ngokunjalo kukunqwenela ukuphepha emkhosini kwi umkhosi uNapoleon kaThixo, eqale e phuhliso zomkhosi, Struve akhetha lo eyunivesithi.

ngeenkwenkwezi Future kakhulu Wayefunda philology. Koko, yena wabhala imbali voluminous. Noko ke, Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich kakhulu lasiwa iintetho lukaGqirha Parrot athetha "physics". Emva xitsundzuxo nevuthisayo, yena Wayesikhuthalele kwi ngeenkwenkwezi isifundo. UNjingalwazi Guth - uprofesa waseyunivesithi - kuye inkxaso ngokupheleleyo amanyathelo yakhe yokuqala zululwazi obalaseleyo. Sele 1813, Struve kokuthethelela ithisisi yakhe.

amanyathelo okuqala

Phantse ngelo xesha, waqalisa ukuba ukufundisa ngexesha elinye wamiselwa ngeenkwenkwezi ukuqwalasela kwiyunivesithi efanayo. Ngaphandle ngamahlwempu kunye nokunqongophala kwezixhobo, Struve wakwazi ukuba isebenze. Wada ikwazile ukwenza ebaluleke kakhulu ngexesha umsebenzi ngaphandle izixhobo ezifanelekileyo esweni declinations zonke iinkwenkwezi, wazama ukuba akwenze oko ngoncedo isixhobo transit ukubala anyukele lasekunene ethile inkwenkwezi polar.

impilo Personal

Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve ogama engobomi na kweli xesha alohlukaniswa ngeenkwenkwezi, esitshatileyo 1815. ukukhetha yakhe Ndingumhlali wase Altona Emilia Vall. Naye wahlala de 1834. Kodwa, kule umtshato kwazalwa abantwana elinambini, abane kubo wafela ebuntwaneni.

Ukususela ngo 1828, Struve wathabatha kogcino umtshana wakhe Theodore, umgcini ogama kuqala umzalwana wakhe Ludwig - uprofesa komzimba kwiYunivesithi Dorpat.

Emva kokufa Emilia, naye ngo 1834. utshatile noJohanna Bartels, ngubani intombi kwizibalo Bartels. Nge Struve wakhe, kwazalwa oonyana abathandathu, ngaye ezine kuphela abasindayo uyise.

E Tartu Observatory

Ngowe-1819 Struve wamiselwa umqondisi. Ngelo xesha, waba unjingalwazi ngokupheleleyo eyunivesithi. Kwiminyaka engamashumi yamava ngumlawuli we-Dorpat Observatory, Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve iye ifakwe wayo top-notshi yaye kunqabile kakhulu ngenxa elo xesha, izixhobo nezixhobo. Xa ekupheleni kuka-1824 wakwazi ukufumana chetyrnadtsatifutovym Fraunhofer refractor kunye Ushneydera nokuba Nine Inch lens, intle kwaye inkulu ngelo xesha, lo ngeenkwenkwezi owazinikela ukusebenza ngehlombe angathethekiyo. Kuba yaqala ngexesha lomsebenzi zenzululwazi ngokungadinwayo aneendyebo, eyathatha kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama nantathu. Ukuba ngaphambili Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich - le ngeenkwenkwezi evela kuThixo - yaba umxholo ekufumaneni nje nokumeta sele kwaziwa ukususela iHerschel iinkqubo star yokubini, ngoko kunye nokufunyanwa kwezixhobo kuyajongwa libalaseleyo ukusuka isifundo esele wafumanisa omnye ukukhanya wakwazi ukuya azihlole elizimeleyo. Yena wayebukele zonke iinkwenkwezi ubukhulu yesithoba phakathi North Pole kunye degrees mabini declination lasezantsi. Ngapha koko, xa izifundo Vasiliy Yakovlevich Struve, ogama engobomi ebanjwe zezenzululwazi yaqala ncam Dorpat Observatory, ngaxeshanye nako ukuvula amalunga namawaka amathathu izibonelelo ezitsha, uninzi bazimisela sikhundla, uye wafundela indlela sentshukumo kunye neempawu ezizodwa.

Ukuvulwa Pulkovo Observatory

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ukwanda St Petersburg njengoko le lali kukhokelele imfuneko yokuseka i Astronomical Observatory, ibekwe ngaphandle komzi. Siqale khangela indawo efanelekileyo kummandla capital wasentla. Kwaba nzima. Kuba Observatory kufuneka indawo ephakamileyo, kodwa ngasentshonalanga komzi welula Gulf of eFinland, nakwelasezantsi nasempuma, ukuya kumgama ozikilometa amabini, wolula emathafeni. Yakha ngasentla of St. Petersburg akazange enze ingqiqo, ekubeni kule meko emazantsi iyonke esibhakabhakeni - yaba ukungcola ekufuphi yesisombululo omkhulu - ndawo ibalulekileyo uyiqwalasela.

Ngowe 1830, uMlawuli Nicholas I ndafumana ingxelo wabhala Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich. Kulo, wachaza ngokweenkcukacha imisebenzi ebekwe phambi kokuba Observatory entsha nakakuhle enkulu ngeenkwenkwezi, apho bekumele ukwakha kufuphi eSt Petersburg. Kungekudala kwagqitywa ukuba ukuqalisa ukwakhiwa leekhilomitha mabini emazantsi umzi - on the Pulkovo Heights. umsebenzi wezakhiwo kwagqitywa ukuba owonithemba wezakhiwo ezaziwayo-kakuhle Russian Briullov. UMlawuli nentloko yomsebenzi lombutho indalo kwe Observatory entsha yonyulwa Struve, ngelo xesha wayesebenza University Tartu. Ukususela ku 1833, waba nxaxheba kakhulu inxaxheba kule nkqubo. Pulkovo Observatory yavulwa ngo-Agasti 1839. Kwaye Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich waba ngumlawuli wayo wokuqala.

Isazi ngeenkwenkwezi kususela kwimini yokuqala yaba bokulungelelanisa esihle. Ukususela litye lokuqala sabekwa kwisakhiwo Observatory, esenzeka Juni 3, 1835, phambi kokuba kuvulwa ngo-1839, Struve yena kweliso phantse yonke kumsebenzi wokwakha.

lasekwa apho intle kwaye inkulu ngelo xesha pyatnadtsatidyuymovy refractor kweteleskopu. NgokoMthetho ubutyebi kunye nomgangatho Pulkovo Observatory kwezixhobo efakiweyo phantse ngokukhawuleza emva kokuvula yalo kwi ndawo yokuqala ehlabathini. Njengoko ukuqondwa elandelayo nesazi-nzulu esidumileyo American Newcomb, waba likomkhulu ngeenkwenkwezi zehlabathi.

Umsebenzi Pulkovo Observatory

Kwiminyaka zokuqala ikhona umsebenzi okuqhubekayo wafunda iinkwenkwezi zokubini, eyaqala eSt George yakhe, Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich. Discoveries ezenzeke kwisithuba yomsebenzi sakhe Pulkovo Observatory, waba ngomnye lubalulekileyo uthotho izifundo kwinkalo ngeenkwenkwezi. Ukuze ubone umgama ukuya iinkwenkwezi - lo mba abanomdla ukhathazeka malunga izazinzulu ezininzi adumileyo ixesha. Struve, enethemba ukubonisa ngobhalo ukubana parallax, vula nokuba uCopernicus waqala yokulinganisa ngenyameko kwisikhundla Vega. Wayesebenza phezu isikhokelo le nkwenkwezi eliqaqambileyo de 1840. Kwaye nangona umgama esithile kuzo Vega ngoko izazinzulu ziye zilungisiwe ngokusekelwe ngokwemilinganiso ngqo ngakumbi, ke, lo msebenzi Struve wayengomnye okokuqala kwimbali yemisebenzi ngeenkwenkwezi ngempumelelo ngokumisela umgama ukuya inkwenkwezi ethile. Ibe phezu kwesi siseko emva kwe omnye umsebenzi omkhulu zadalwa. Kwakungqina ukuba iinkwenkwezi sezigidi elikude, kwimitha ukukhanya apho Ukhuthaza ngesantya ka-300,000 km / s, zifike uMhlaba amashumi kunye iminyaka emininzi.

kwelanga

umsebenzi echumayo V. Ya. Struve waqhubeka de 1858. Kodwa xa ukugula kakhulu, squinting lakhe, bengasebenzi, isikhungo wathabatha phezu ubunkokheli unyana wakhe - sisazinzulu onesiphiwo Otto Struve. NguVasili Yakovlevich - ngunozala ukulandelana ngeenkwenkwezi - wafa ngo-1864. Okubangel 'umdla, kodwa oko kunyaka omnye, Pulkovo Observatory ibhiyozelwa amabini anesihlanu afa.

lokufumanisa

Entsimini ngeenkwenkwezi, uV Ya. Struve kuye kwangqineka i ukuqina yokwenene iinkwenkwezi kwi nxalenye esembindini le Galaxy. Kwakhona sigwetyelwe kwisigqibo sokuba kukho ixabiso ukufunxeka oluphakathi lokukhanya. Olukhulu ngeenkwenkwezi obalaseleyo linomsebenzi wakhe othi "Studies ngeenkwenkwezi ogcwele." Oku kulapho Struve sisekelwe kwinkolelo yokuba kukho ubunyani ukufunxeka ukukhanya isithuba oluphakathi kunye nokwandisa inani leenkwenkwezi nganye kwiyunithi umthamo xa besondela ukuba iMilky Way.

Izazinzulu efunda iinkwenkwezi zokubini, ngaba ezihanjiswayo kangangoko Iikhathalogu emibini izinto ubisi yapapashwa kubo, ngokulandelelanayo, ngo-1827 no 1852 ngokulandelelanayo. Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich, ogama imisebenzi babonwa ukuba abe ibalulekileyo kule nkalo ngeenkwenkwezi, okokuqala ehlabathini wakwazi balinganise umgama Vega kwi kule umlaza s. Olu kwaphela - okuqaqambe wesithathu esibhakabhakeni ebusuku emva Sirius kunye zeBhere; leyo ibonakala eRashiya kunye kufutshane amazwe. Yaye lekroza Ophiuchus Struve wafumanisa fu-langa. Phantsi kolwalathiso Vasily Yakovlevich kunye unocanda K. Tenner kuye kwenziwa umlinganiselo degree ye arc EFT zivela elunxwemeni i-Arctic Ocean ukuya emlonyeni weDanube River. kunokuba izinto ezixabisekileyo zifunyenwe ukuba ukubonisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba lingakanani imilo kunye nobukhulu behlabathi.

abalandeli

Struve Vasiliy Yakovlevich, ogama ubukhosi asinto nje ngeenkwenkwezi, kodwa amanani zikarhulumente nezopolitiko, kuba ngunozala sonke kushishino nenzululwazi obalaseleyo. Umsebenzi yakhe waqhubeka ngunyana wakhe Otto, abazukulwana ababini - kunye kaHermann Ludwig, kwakunye umzukulwana - an sesayensi. The Struve ubudala kukho kwakhona iqela ezaziwayo-kakuhle wemithi, uzowenza, orientalist kunye academician yale Akhademi of Sciences yiSoviet Union.

memory

Wena igama sisazinzulu odumileyo sihlale kulityalwa. Ngo-1913 umhlaba encinane No 768, wavula ngeenkwenkwezi Russian Neuimin, Struveanoy ogama lakhe behlonipha ubukhosi usapho izazi Struve.

Xa inkumbulo sisazinzulu elikhulu 1954 waza wakhululwa isitampu zokuposa. Kwanikezelwa ukuya Pulkovo Observatory. Oku kubonisa umzobo V. Ya. Struve kunye ngeenkwenkwezi ezimbini abaziwayo Russian. Ngomhla lwekhulu leminyaka emva kokufa kuka Basil Jakovljevic, ngo 1964, liye likhuphe elinye igama le USSR. Mfanekiso yakhe lukhona analogue arc ezingcwele, ogama emva ngeenkwenkwezi omkhulu. Ezi zitampu zazikhutshwa yi Lithuania (ka-2009), eLatvia, Estonia kunye Sweden (2011). Ukongezelela, ngowe-1964 le mngxuma Astronomical Union International ibekwe ecaleni obubonakalayo kweNyanga, ogama V. Ya. Struve.

Catalogs

Struve, ngokufanele ingqalelo umseki yonke yesebe ngeenkwenkwezi, ngo-1827 ngenxa yokuba ukubukela abangaphezu kwekhulu elinamanci mabini amawaka izinto ezingcwele lapapasha ikhathalogu, equka ngaphezu kwamawaka amathathu iinkwenkwezi kabini kunye ezininzi. Inkoliso yabo - ngo 2343 ehlabathini - ziye yafunyanwa zizazinzulu. Le 1837th lwapapashwa umsebenzi wakhe idumileyo. In "imilinganiselo micrometric iinkwenkwezi kabini 'siye sanikwa iziphumo abangaphezu kwama elinanye lamawaka Wenza izibalo Vasiliem Struve iminyaka elishumi ngoncedo i-Dorpat refractor. Zombini ikhathalogu, epapashwe zizazinzulu, baye bawongwa ye Molteno of the Royal Astronomical Society yase London.

Ngowe-1852 yanyatheliswa umsebenzi othi "isikhundla Umlinganiselo ', nto leyo iziphumo kuqwalaselwe ixesha elide phantse namawaka amathathu Iinkwenkwezi. Imisebenzi, leyo bathwalwa Struve kunye nabancedisi bakhe Tartu Observatory iminyaka ephantse amabini emva kanye kusetyenziswa ngeenkwenkwezi obalaseleyo.

impumelelo

NguVasili Yakovlevich Struve biography emfutshane engqina indima yalo enkulu ngeenkwenkwezi, naye wenza igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso inzululwazi ezifana geodesy. Kweli xesha ukusuka 1822 ukuya 1827 phantsi kobunkokeli bakhe, umlinganiselo ubude arc okuyi kuthwalelwa Hogland Island, ibekwe i-Gulf of Finland, ukuya esixekweni Yakobshtadta. In 1828 it sopryagli ne analogu, kubalwa ngasezantsi-ntshona welizwe. Emva koko, ezi imilinganiselo kuqhubeka ukusuka emantla ukuya ezantsi. Ngenxa yoko; ubude iyonke arc elilinganisiweyo naphaya kwixabiso we 25 ° 20 '. Yayibizwa ngokuba yaseRussia-aseScandanavia. Noko ke, iingcali uyazi ukuba ngakumbi ngathi pewa Struve.

isihloko

Vasily Yakovlevich yaba lilungu Wawongwa phantse zonke iiyunivesithi kwilizwe lethu; kwakunye imibutho zenzululwazi amazwe amaninzi kanye zezifundiswa nesayensi. Kwinkulungwane ye-elinethoba Struve inxaxheba nokudalwa Lisbon Observatory. Kungokunje ongenasakhiwo University City, nangona kunjalo mkhanya akusekho kuqhutywa. It wadalwa njenge-Observatory wenziwa ngokomfanekiselo Russia - Pulkovo - eyathi ingqalelo ngelo xesha eyinkunzi ngeenkwenkwezi ehlabathini. Umcebisi Senior wayewise yokukhetha yesixhobo kwakukho ngeenkwenkwezi eyaziwayo Russian Struve.