David Bohm: engobomi, iifoto kunye namanqaku anika umdla

yamachiza Quantum Devid bom wenza igalelo elikhulu kungekuphela physics kuphela, kodwa neuropsychology, nentanda-bulumko. Ukusebenza eYunivesithi yasePrinceton, bom kakhulu inxaxheba no Albertom Eynshteynom, wayenza plasma physics, ukukhanda quantum, ithiyori zesinyithi, theory kwamasuntswana nezakhiwo. Ngowe-1951 UDavide Bohm wabhala umsebenzi omninzi ukuze emhlabeni yesayensi, ingqalelo kwingxelo ilungileyo ukutyhilwa yobu ubucukubhede quantum.

Bom and Oppenheimer

Kwintsapho yamaYuda emigrant abahlala eUnited States, ngoDisemba 1917, inkwenkwe kwazalwa ngubani ngokoqobo ukusuka ezalwa waqalisa ukuba ngenkuthalo ukuhlola ihlabathi, akumangalisi konke ngendlela kokuma kwakhe. Zenzululwazi ngqo uDavide Bohm waba ingakumbi abanetalente, ukuba uyaziwa ekuseni kakhulu. Emva kokugqiba kwikholeji Pennsylvania ngo-1939, kwiminyaka ngaphantsi kwe emine kamva, waba Doctor zezeNzululwazi Physics. Wamela iqondo kaDavide Bohm na University of California. Njengomfundi, mna inxaxheba ngomdla omkhulu kwiingxoxo isangqa, eyayikhokelwa ngomnye i "zooyise" ye ezabo atom, uRobert Oppenheimer, apho kuxoxwa ingxaki, kude ezilahlekisayo physics theoretical component.

Amanyathelo okuqala elizayo ezifunyaniswe uDavide Bohm, ogama iincwadi ziquka imiba ezininzi bulumko, ukuba sele zenziwe. Waba nomdla uqhagamshelwano kuzo zonke izinto, izinto, ingqondo - zonke izinto akakwazi ukuba angamchukumisi yemvelo nje inzululwazi. De 1947 uDavide Bohm, physics, wafunda kwiYunivesithi eBerkeley (California) theory plasma kunye Synchrocyclotron synchrotron. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, umsebenzi wakhe igalelo ekuyilweni ezabo atomic Oppenheimer. Yena, njengokuba unyana ka basemzini Hungarian kunye emigrant Latvian kwiprojekthi, Kakade ke, akazange avunyelwe, watyholwa "yokungathembeki". Ukuba ndithetha inyaniso, ukuze umsebenzi ngasese hlobo kuwo onke amazwe kuvumela abantu ngesiphiwo kodwa nenkoloseko.

Bohm and Einstein

Ngowe-1947, emva kokuba siyashukuma, umsebenzi omtsha (umncedisi unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yasePrinceton) baqalisa ukucinga iincwadi uDavide Bohm ukuba kwafuneka ukuba ndinibhalele. Kanye ke waqalisa intsebenziswano esebenzayo kunye ngqondi Albertom Eynshteynom ngubani bayakuvuyela kakhulu Bohm. Ngowe-1951, waba nixhamle incwadi yokuqala oogxa bakhe wathetha yakhe yingqondi.

Noko ke, umbhali uDavid Bohm, incoko kunye umninindlu kakhulu, ngokuchanekileyo yokutolika imibuzo yakhe. Sele ekupheleni bom wayengaqinisekanga yalo msebenzi kukuba kuyimfuneko ukupapasha le ncwadi. Noko ke, akukho namnye Einstein, le abahlobo yamachiza ikwayari yonke azixhokonxa umbhali mandikhawulezise, kuba "Quantum Theory" ngomzuzu unalo yinkcazo engcono yokulungisa quantum. Kwafika ncwadi waza wadala yezigcawu kwihlabathi yenzululwazi. Kodwa uDavide Bohm uhlaziye yonke unyango lwabo lokuqala emva eziliqela amanqaku ncwadi longeziwe. "Ukutolikwa kobude Boomatshini umyinge" - ekuthiwa-ingcaciso entsha ingxaki yenzululwazi.

iinkqubo quantum

Nabo ebizwa Bohm epapashwe imisebenzi kubonakaliswa theoretical le totali, phantse inkolelo eyimfihlakalo kwi ithuba zehlabathi kuyamangalisa, ibe yonke ekhoyo yonke. Lo mbono inzulu kangangokuba ukusombulula yonke imiba ephakanyiswe kusebenza de kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe Devid bom. Holographic Universe, njengoko ingcamango, iye zivuza ukusuka kwincam usiba lwakhe ngenxa Ukuqwalasela amathuba quantum.

theory quantum Orthodox Bohm ngoku kuqwalaselwa aziphelelanga, ukucekisile indeterminacy yayo, sigqibe ekubeni yamasuntswana ngamnye kunye umendo walo sindululo lifezekiswa hayi kuphela, hayi kangako imithetho elula yemvelo, ukuba zilawulwa yi ulwazi yangoku esebenzayo malunga bemeko amasuntswana ukuya yonke indalo.

kwenani ingozi

Lo msebenzi ngokusondeleyo waqalisa kuphela 70s, ekupheleni kobomi bakhe, kodwa izazinzulu ezifana bom Devid, ingqiqo holographic iphela ayikwazanga ukuba yakhiwe. Ixesha ngokwayo zifuna olu lwazi. Njengoko radar uqhuba yenqanawa ulwandlekazi ovuthuzayo engenasiphelo, kwaye yamasuntswana ngamnye nje "uyihlole iphela, 'yonke into intshukumo yayo ixhomekeke iimpawu isakhono quantum, kunokuba kumgama ixesha elide xesha, yonke into ithatha ngolwalamano phakathi kwenani systems.

Ngaloo ndlela ke, uphuhliso le mbono yaba ukuqaliswa yokuqala kwenkcazelo kanye ubunzulu theory emzimbeni, kwaye ngoku ke imisebenzi kwethiyori kaDavide Bohm yeyona postulate ikhompyutha quantum kunye nolwazi. Kukho amathuba iintlobo ngeenkolelo, nkqu ezininzi ezibonakala delirious. Umzekelo, ukuba kukho amanqanaba ezifihlakeleyo ngakumbi leyinene? Kwaye kule amanqaku kwi Boma i ithiyori - umyinge, variables nonlocal ifihliwe. Uye ebhalwe amaphepha aliqela ngalo mbandela, leyo kamva kwakhokelela ekubeni olu lingelo ingcinga kuxoxwa namhlanje: i-Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen kephofu kunye nokungalingani Bell kaThixo.

umgaqo-nkqubo

Ekubeni iqela labafundi, ilungu waba Bohm yakhe, benza kuphela physics, kodwa iingcamango bulumko, kuquka wamaKomanisi, abahlobo bakhe noogxa babanjwa ngosuku olufanayo yokugula-mkhumbi. Ndaya ngowe-1950, eyona kuxhaphake McCarthyism eUnited States. UDavide ubunzima bebonke isiphelo sinye, kodwa nxamnye namaqabane akhe wala ukunika ubungqina.

Nangona ukuba wakhululwa entolongweni kunye ukugxothwa esesikweni zonke iintlawulo, Princeton University akazange avuselele isivumelwano sakhe. Nkqu izicelo ezingxamisekileyo Einstein, khangela phambili kwintsebenziswano ngakumbi Bohm, baba aziphumelelanga. Abaphathi yunivesithi zange uye kumkhawulela nkqu sisazinzulu ezikrelekrele. ixesha elithile Bohm wasebenza eBrazil, ngoko kwaSirayeli, apho wadibana noSara Wolfson, umfazi wakhe.

nezici ezintsha

EHaifa waba yindawo lenkundla onovuyo ukuba Bohm. Ababini kubafundi bakhe, kakhulu ubuntu eqaqambileyo baba oogxa bakhe, yaye nabo kwenziwa lwezona emangalisayo kummandla physics quantum. La magama yonke ekhankanywe kunye negama likaDavide Bohm - Gideon noKarmi kunye Yakir Aharonov. Ngo-1957, iSebe Bristol (UK) iye wathi kuye, yaye Bohm wavuma.

Kwaba apho, kunye uAron wavula "isiphumo Aharonov-Bohm" kwi isakhono electron bazive lo mhlaba otsalayo, nokuba apho kwakungenjalo. th 1961 Bohm wenza unjingalwazi physics theoretical component. Oku sele kwenzekile kwinqanaba elithile ukuphakama wenzululwazi Birkbeck College (University of London). Kukho Bohm wayesebenza kude umhlalaphantsi, oko kukuthi, de 1984.

Physics and Philosophy

Kuye kwaba kudala loo mzuzu xa Bohm wakubona kufanelekile ukuzisa kunye kwezi mboniselo zimbini ihlabathi. Ngowe-1959, kwenzeka ukufunda umsebenzi omnye sobulumko Indian kunye nokufana iimbono zabo kwizinto ezininzi masosha. Kodwa umfutho inkulu ekufundweni nxulumano bulumko zemvelo banikela iintetho Krishnamurti noDavid Bohm, apho woku nqa ngokuphindaphindiweyo bubukho ifana ezininzi kangaka kumbono ihlabathi abantu ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. ubuhlobo babo iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu kwekota. Ngethamsanqa ubuntu, incoko yabantu ababini bakrelekrele bangabi zitshone zisabonakala, yaye ndithwele iziqhamo. Baba iincwadi: «Science, Order kunye Ubuchule», «isiphetho Ixesha», «nokuphelela kunye Implicate Order».

Ukutolikwa ubucukubhede umyinge wayesebenza kude kube sekupheleni kobomi kaDavide Bohm, uphaka ukubaluleka yaba uphuhliso imodeli holographic ngesakhiwo wendalo kunye ingcamango "holomovement" (holomovement), yaye ezi amaxabiso babini yimimango amaqhina ngakumbi womelele ngakumbi. Ngokutsho kwabo, yonke yinxalenye yehlabathi kwisithuba kunye nexesha uyaziphinda kwi ngokupheleleyo yonke into yonke iphela, kunye ngokuqukwa kuphela abantu abakhoyo kodwa ikamva kunye elidlulileyo. Oko kukuthi, esinye nganye ulwazi malunga yonke into. Ukufunda iseli yonke kunokuba. Le mbono - hayi esiqhelekileyo, kuba ingqiqo ka "yintoni na ngezantsi, uze phezulu" kwakhiwa ngakumbi Bacon yaye kamva, Roerich kunye Blavatsky, kunjalo - kummandla-bulumko. Kodwa somthombo jikelele kunye umyalelo Hidden Devid bom uye walwela encediswa physics.

xa kwehle

Neurophysiologist Karl Pribram of America wasebenzisa iingcamango Bohm, ukwenza imodeli holographic zobuchopho, yaye lacezela phaya phandle. A yemvelo evela Netherlands kaNobel Gerart Hooft imisebenzi yakhe bakucaphukele luphuhliso yonke holographic, umbhali kwawo uDavide Bohm, ukhankase ixabiso kwisuntswana wamnceda ukucombulula enye yeengxaki ingaphelelwayo of physics - ukubonelela uqikelelo efanelekileyo kunye ngokwezibalo esichanekileyo theory leendibano electroweak wahlaba umtyangapho wekhwelo lokumanywa saa, phezu uqala, amasimi ukuba kwindalo iphela.

Kwakhona yaqulunqa umgaqo holographic, njengako kuyo yonke ingcaciso kwentsimi ethile angamelwa njenge yehologram, waza wacinga - naye element jikelele uyilo njengoko kusitshiwo, kunye noDavide Bohm. Ingqibelelo nocwangco efihlakeleyo - ukuba le mbono kunye nqa baza baqhubeka abalandeli yayo Bohm. Yaba indoda umdla, nto leyo eyaba negalelo elikhulu kakhulu intsebenziswano cross-zenkcubeko. ngolangazelelo lakhe privechali UDalai Lama kunye neenkokeli North American wamaNdiya, waba ingqiqo ebanzi kakhulu nje sisazinzulu. Ngowe-1990, wada wahlawula ubulungu Royal Society. Kwaye ngo 1992, ndineminyaka eli-semidesyatichetyrohletnem, uDavide Bohm yaba buhlungu intliziyo wafa umntu axhuzule. ngqangi Last sahlala edesikeni yakhe. Yayibizwa ngokuba: "I-epheleleyo Universe". ukutolikwa nangobunto mbono quantum wakwazi ukuba ukugqiba uDavide Bohm. Ingqibelelo iphela kuphindwa ngokwayo kwi ingqibelelo ubuntu yendoda.

"A mbono crazy"

Ingcamango yohlobo nolulahlekisayo ye-jikelele, leyo banika ihlabathi uDavide Bohm, Iintetho zesayensi kunye zobulumko abalindelekanga aseleyo kule mini. Isiphelo kule ndawo kwenziwa oschelomlyayuschee ngokupheleleyo: yinyani ayikho, nangona kukho lexinene elikhangeleka ngayo, xa intliziyo indalo yakhe - kakuhle yehologram oluneenkcukacha, a phantom omkhulu. Yintoni bumbano? Lo mfanekiso-ntathu, zilayishe imiqadi laser. Njani oku kwenziwe, wonke umntu uyazi namhlanje.

Izithombe esikhanyayo yi umqadi laser, yaye okwesibini, ngaphandle ukukhanya kubonakala ukuba kokuba izithombe, inika alternation ethile akholise kunye ubuncinane semitha, oko kukuthi, lo mfanekiso uphazamiseko, oko Iqinisekile kakuhle ngale filimu. Xa yaza iwela umfanekiso onesiphumo, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuqonda nantoni - kuyo imigca mnyama kwaye ukukhanya interbedded, bezandla kwaye ingqondo. Noko ke, loo nto ingabhekiswa komnye umqadi laser, umfanekiso-ntathu iyavezwa ngoko nangoko, kwaye kuya kuba kanye enye into yokuqala. Yiloo ngayo bamxelela uDavide Bohm - The Holographic Universe, inyaniso nolulahlekisayo. Emva koko, le ncwadi kwaye ogama Maykl Talbot - "Holographic Universe".

nezinye izakhiwo

Kwaye oku kuphela ipropati ephawulekayo --dimensionality ezintathu. HOLOGRAM azalwe kakhulu ngakumbi. Umzekelo, wonqanyulwa, kubini bumbano nayiphi na into ekwezi i-laser, ivumela umfanekiso lonke kwisiqingatha ngasinye zesifundo enye, aba mlinganiso mnye. Kwaye lo hlulo kokuba uqhubeke. Nditsho iqhekeza incinane into elibhaqiweyo. Oko kukuthi, inxenye nganye a bumbano linazo kusini na iinkcukacha malunga zonke izifundo, kunye ukuncitshiswa bulingane kabukhali.

Umgaqo ephambili yehologram kukuba zonke yinxalenye lulonke kunye. It ikuvumela ukuba aphathe ngokwahlukileyo umbutho kunye nocwangco. Ithiyori lencinibakazi pilot, nokuzalelwa yi Lui De Broglie ngo-1927 - umzekelo yokuqala eyaziwayo variables efihliweyo. Zokwazisela yaye "kumohlwaya 'lo mbono, sinako ukuqonda kakhulu wempambano inyaniso, njengoko wenzayo uDavide Bohm. "Le pilot-wave" wazisa waza wamchazela nezinto ezifana indida le cat Schrodinger kaThixo yokutshabalala ngephanyazo umsebenzi otshangatshangiswayo.

Physics and Mathematics

Phantse zonke utoliko ukukhanda umyinge usebenzisa icala zemathematika, oko kuxhaswa bubungqina zovavanyo. Nokuba zaphazanyiswa Einstein postulate (umda isantya lilingana isantya ukukhanya), ngandlela ithile electron ukwazi yonk 'into enye kwenye, zibe na omise ezilishumi okanye parsecs ezilishumi ngaphandle. yamasuntswana nganye uyazi emangalisayo oko omnye akwenzayo. Hayi ukunxibelelana, hayi. Angavumelaniyo. uphawu Not angaqondakali. Nje segmentation of nolulahlekisayo zabo. Yiloo nto wayezama ukucacisa ehlabathini uDavide Bohm Oko: nendalo holographic, holographic.

Nje kwenye kwinqanaba ezikhona, mhlawumbi nzulu, ezi amasuntswana - izinto hayi umntu ngamnye, kodwa enyanisweni kwisifundo ukukhuliswa esisiseko kakhulu ngakumbi. Kukho izinga ezikhona, ukusuka efihlwe, ubukhulu enkulu. Amasuntswana azikho iindawo eqhiwukileyo, wona ubuso. Umanyano yigesi holographic, yonke ekhoyo ebonakalayo iqulathe wabo, kwaye esizibona kwindalo - nje kwingqikelelo. Ngokuqinisekileyo ke ngokwenyani ayikho. Yintoni othwala ngokwenene bumbano jikelele - akukho bani owaziyo. Ngokomzekelo, omnye isizalo oluvela yonke kweli hlabathi, kwaye iqulathe onke amasuntswana asisiqalelo, ukuba wongeze into - ukusuka iqhwa ukuya quasars, ukususela gamma ukuya dolphins blue. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba le holographic - nje inqanaba ihlabathi, omnye amanyathelo ale zazivelela iphela.

Liliphi ixesha

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu ukwazi. Bona "va" konke oku uhlobo nolulahlekisayo izixhobo. yerediyo omxhuzulane eyakhiwe e Hannover, ekhangela amaza omxhuzulane kunye nezinye eguquguqukayo isithuba-ixesha okubangelwa zizinto ezisemajukujukwini omkhulukazi. Ngandlel 'ithile, abakufumana akukho ngumtshangatshangiso enye. Noko ke, wafumana isizathu: ingxolo engaqhelekanga oqondela tshin, ukusuka ezingamakhulu amathathu ukuya elinesihlanu lamakhulu elilodwa, leyo, ngokwemvelo, wenza ksebenze oko. Umthombo yengxolo akaba nakufunyanwa ke, ukuba igama Fermi Laboratory lwalungabangelwa.

Kwafuneka ukuba siqwalasele le umgaqo holographic, ulandelayo spacetime olo rhoqo, nto yingqokelela micro-watersheds, a zornyshek uhlobo, spacetime quantum. Izixhobo e Hannover ngqo kangangokuba oqondela ukungalingani ongenawo ukuba senziwe kwimitha emdeni isithuba. Telescope Bakhubeka phezu umda isithuba-xesha, wayithimba lo umda angundoqo ingxolo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukubala bahambelana nalaa mabinzana ezibonisa ezinjengeetelescope tshin. Ihlabathi esengozini lokuvula, ngaphezu kokuba grand. Thina, bonke singqongwe - banenkolelo ...