Postulates Einstein esithi: izixhobo zokufundisa kunye nezinto le mbono ekhethekile

Ihlabathi lethu ngenxa yobukho yayo wambona isixa kakhulu buchopho! Dwelisa ukusuka ehlabathini zehlabathi waqhubeka ngokungenammiselo. Kukho inani enkulu elikuwo, iingcamango kunye nantoni na awayefike sele apho inzululwazi yanamhlanje. ezingqondweni omkhulu lonke ixesha, umgca phezu kwesiseko lwezitena ye physics. Ezi ziquka postulates Einstein, Lorentz inguqu, Archimedes saziwe, lo theorem kaPythagoras, ifomula nguHeron kunye nabanye abaninzi. into eyaba nganye entsha belibandakanya kukho uchulumanco ngokukhawuleza yaye sikubonisa idabi kwindawo ethile. Kweli nqaku, konke kuya kuqwalaselwa kwi postulates Einstein ngayo.

Biography Einstein

Albert Einstein wazalwa ngomhla 14.03.1879 kwisixeko Ulm (Germany), kwintsapho yamaYuda. Uyise, kunye namanye co-abanikazi sisityalo esincinane ukuvelisa Akunakuba iintsiba kwentloko kunye oomatrasi.

kwafika inzululwazi unina evela indlu ngokwanelisayo osisityebi, bethengisa ingqolowa. Sele mna ndiyindoda nendlu kayihlo-Albert wavula inkampani yokuthengiswa izixhobo zombane.

Ekwindla ka-1896 e-Polytechnic Institute eSwitzerland, Einstein wadibana umfundi ovela Serbia, Mileva Maric, kamva owayeza kuba ngumfazi wakhe.

Isazinzulu elizayo wayefuna njalo ukufumana ubumi Swiss, nto leyo le ishiywe German. Ekugqibeleni wakwazi ukuba uya kuziphumeza ngo-1901

Nangona italente yakhe kunye nobuchule ezibalaseleyo, yena bushe iminyaka emibini ukufuna umsebenzi, ndayeka lithemba, kodwa akazange ayeke ukuba nenxaxheba physical sciences.

Sengqondo kwabanye imisebenzi Einstein xa

izazinzulu ezininzi ngexesha wacinga Einstein kakhulu ezintsha, njengoko bahlaba ulwazi olungundoqo kule ndawo. Ezinye iingqondo kakhulu kwinkulungwane, kodwa ndagqiba ekubeni babambelele iingcamango classical, ngelixa ezama ukufumana enye indlela zezi postulates Enshneyna, kodwa bajamelana nesibakala sokuba ngaba awasetyenziswa xa befundisa.

Postulates of theory Einstein ngayo kwezinto ziye isizathu ukutyunjwa kwakhe i-Nobel Prize. Kodwa ingcamango yenguqu enjalo ikomiti encinane babesaba Nobel kangaka elide abazange umnike eli bhaso. Kodwa ngo-1922, bonke enye uzukile ngomsebenzi wakhe phezu isivamvo.

iimpawu zobuqu le sisazinzulu

Albert ngumntu evulekileyo, nobubele, uyathandeka, nethemba novelwano. Oogxa bakhe waphawula it ingqiqo omkhulu ezihlekisayo.

Yena wayemthanda umculo okukhulu ngenkulungwane ye-18. USam wayesazi ukuba ukudlala indlela ivayolin, leyo baqhubeka kuye.

Einstein amadlala isimo ukuya emsebenzini wabo, wayesoloko wavuma iimpazamo zabo, nkqu esidlangalaleni. Ungaze ube neentloni yintoni iphutha, ngentlonelo kuthathelwa ingqalelo imisebenzi kwezinye abaphengululi, akazange akuvumele ubuxoki sikweni.

Albert Einstein bawongwa iimbasa ezininzi kunye nezabelo ngezabelo, kuquka kokufa kwakhe.

Imbeko yakhe, ogama yeeyunithi ziluhlaza, into imichiza №99, a litye encinane, wafumanisa ngowe-1973, indawo yokwenza umthambo, i-Observatory, iziko, umbutho zonyango, isitalato kunye, Kakade ke, amabhaso - iimbasa kunye amabhaso.

anika umdla

1. Eyona wamazwi kwegalelo Einstein xa kucingelwa ukuba ingcamango ka. Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa kunye naye phezu kwayo nabo basebenza Scientist (ubuzwe isiJamani) UDavide Hilbert. Mhlawumbi athi asebenza onke ngaxeshanye, njengoko igcinwe njalo kwebala kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi kweso sifundo. Okuqukumbela zibalo mbono kwezinto zamisa phantse ngexesha elinye, kodwa wakwenza oko ngeendlela ezahlukileyo. Ekuqaleni, abaninzi beyiseka ukuba Gilbert wakwazi ukuphumeza isiphumo esifanayo phantse iveki ngaphambili, kodwa kamva thaca kuluntu of Alberta, obehamba zonke umxakatho nodumo. Ngaphandle koku, kule nkulungwane yama-20 emva kwexesha, izibalo rough kunye neerekhodi Hilbert afunyanwa, ngenxa apho kuye kwacaca ukuba abuyise ngcamango yakhe ekupheleni ngaphandle data sele ishicilelwe. Nangona izazinzulu ngokwabo, ezi zimvo akazange umdla.
2. Einstein wakwazi ukuphuhlisa ifriji enjalo, engaquki kufuna umbane, ukusebenza kuphela phezu Izifudumezi ephantsi-amandla. Ngowe-1930 wathengisa lomenzi ukuba inkampani "Electrolux", kodwa ke, ngelishwa, sele esingaqalwanga ukuvelisa eso sixhobo.
3. FBI of the United States of America yakholwa Einstein yiSoviet hlola, ukuze yonke into enxulumene nayo, ziphathwa unxunguphalo obukhulu. Xa Ngasekupheleni kobomi bakhe dossier yakhe yayibandakanya 1.5 amawaka sheets.
4. IPacific Einstein wabuza Roosevelt malunga sichitha ezabo atomic. Ithe ke yakuba ilondele nakumbona, ziwugqala oyingozi kakhulu.
5. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, Einstein wayesebenza lukhulu malunga nokuphunyezwa kwe thiyori yentsimi emanyeneyo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ngoncedo elinye lenxaki engundoqo kwamathandabuzo ukuqulunqa wabeka kunye intsebenziswano imikhosi eziphambili 3: umoya, omxhuzulane kunye nuclear. Mhlawumbi Einstein wayekwazi ukwenza ukufunyanwa ekhwankqisayo, kodwa, yeha, wazitshisa le misebenzi. Ngoku ke inzala nga siziphendule kuphela oko koko unako ukuza.

Eyona engundoqo igalelo kuphuhliso physics

postulates Einstein kaThixo - inkosi isitshixo ingcaciso iziganeko ezininzi emzimbeni. Iinkqubo ISAZINZULU wanikela isiqalo enkulu yophuhliso lwezinto inzululwazi watshintsha indlela ekufundweni isithuba kunye nexesha. Zahlula-hlulwe iindidi ezimbini: i postulates kwethiyori Einstein ngayo kwezinto kunye kumthetho rhoqo ngayo isivamvo sokukhanya. Lo gama entsha ngokupheleleyo kwaye nanto unangoku physics.

postulate lokuqala Einstein ukuba

Ithi malunga rhoqo kwemithetho yemvelo kunye zibalo yabo echaza ingxelo ukutshintsha inkqubo ethile inertial kwenye.

Imithetho yobunzima karhulumente kwenkqubo emzimbeni bangabi luxanduva ngokupheleleyo enyanisweni ezifana sisiphi na ihamba isihlobo 2 ukuya kwenye ukuququzelela iinkqubo, ezi ziquka amagciwane.

Ngamagama alula, ezazichazwa ukuhamba ezahlukeneyo iinkqubo reference inertial okanye ihamba imizimba lihamba ngokunxulumene omnye komnye ngesantya esingaguqukiyo. Xa umzimba mnye (inkqubo) atshintshe traektorii okanye isantya, ngeli xesha ka jikelele isebenza (kwezinto ngokubanzi), yaye omnye okanye umzimba ezinye (inkqubo) engamelanga ithathwe njenge njenge inkqubo reference.

Le postulate yesibini

Le elandelayo bazisa Einstein postulate: isivamvo sokukhanya ekhoyo phantsi Sivula ocacile kuwo onke amacala yaye akatshintshi kwi Velocity ukuphambuka lesixhobo intshukumo ukukhanya ixabiso lokuqala. Ngokusekelwe kule sigqibo kukuba kwisantya ukukhanya ukunqaba kwaye rhoqo kungakhathaliseki ingxelo kwenkqubo inertial.

Le mbono emangalisayo ukuba isantya ukukhanya bonke abanye, ngayo nayiphi na indlela zihamba, ifana nqwa nale (ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezithile ezisecaleni), esikhokelela utshintshwano kuphuhliswa ngaphambi zilungelelanise kunye nexesha H.Lorentsa ngexesha utshintsho ukusuka isakhelo original inertial lube nobulungisa ulawulo olutsha nto leyo ziyatshintsheka malunga kuqala.

Ngokungafaniyo Lorentz, owabona ifomula yabo njengoko yenzeka kwaye wasentsomini, Albert Einstein wabazisa ukusebenza ngokwenyani.

Oku laba umthombo zokufumana kubalulekile equation inzululwazi edibanisa ubunzima M, kwaye ukubetha energy E P: E ² = M x c ^{4 2} + P ² × ^2.

Apho c = isantya ukukhanya. Kwaye ke equation ngokwayo ekunokuthiwa enye prerequisite olungundoqo isicelo zamandla enyukliya.

Postulates of mbono ekhethekile Einstein ngayo ka

kwezinto Special yeyona ithiyori ibalulekileyo emzimbeni isithuba kunye nexesha. postulates Einstein ngayo SRT zezona isiseko engundoqo physics mihla kunye nobugcisa. Zisekelwe olufumeneyo ezininzi elandelayo izazinzulu evela ehlabathini lonke. Elements of mbono ekhethekile ka (postulates Einstein i-) idla ngokuba theory relativistic, kunye nesenzeko ukuba lichaza - isiphumo relativistic. Oku kubonakala xa uhambisa imizimba ngesantya kufutshane isantya ukukhanya ezincamathelayo c ngu 3 × 108 m / s. postulates Ezi Einstein ziye sidalwe 1905

Le mbono ekhethekile ka isebenza kuphela xa isantya izinto kuhlala ingatshintshanga kwaye isindululo into efanayo. Xa nokuba ezinxaxhileyo isantya okanye Umendo izitishi imithetho nje uyeke nje ukusebenza. Kulo mzekelo, isicelo imfundiso jikelele ka.

Albert Einstein - ngunobangela nasekuphuhliseni inzululwazi ngexesha lakhe

Ekuveleni-19 kunye 20 eminyaka inzululwazi physics owayekwimeko ezibalulekileyo. Indlela yokuphuma ukuba eli ligatya yamandulo Einstein awujonga isithuba kunye nexesha. Yintoni kanye kwabonakala ngokucacileyo kwaye ecacileyo, enyanisweni - esiguquguqukayo na! Postulates Einstein wabonisa ukuba iinqobo kunye iingqiqo ngazo constants physics non-relativistic, adjoin obhobhozayo kuthelekiswa le ngcamango.

Konke oku kungentla postulates Einstein wamnika negalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso wezenzululwazi njenge inzululwazi. Yena ngokupheleleyo hola kaNobel kunye nokuqondwa ngamazwe!