Plasma physics. Imithetho Plasma Physics

Amaxesha xa plasma ezinxulumene nathi, nalo into yenzeka, ongaqondakaliyo, kwamnandi, kade nje. Namhlanje le ngcamango isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. I-plasma esetyenziswa kolu shishino. Eyona nenxa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kubuchwepheshe ukukhanyisa. Umzekelo - izibane obhobhozayo igesi, likhanyise esitratweni. Kodwa izibane ezibengezelayo ekhoyo. Zikhoyo nakulo iwelding. Emva arc - yeyona plasma eyenziwe itotshi plasma. Umntu uzibhale eminye imizekelo emininzi.

Plasma Physics - yinto isebe ebalulekileyo kwinzululwazi. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba baqonde iingqiqo ezisisiseko enxulumene nayo. Lo ngumxholo kwinqaku lethu.

Inkcazo kunye neentlobo plasma

Yintoni na plasma? Ukuzimisela physics unikwa kwacaca. Plasma ibizwa imo eziphathekayo apho yokugqibela unalo ebalulekileyo (siwenze kunye nenani elipheleleyo amasuntswana), inani amasuntswana ebizwayo (yenethiwekhi) ekwaziyo ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ukuhambahamba ngaphakathi kweziyobisi. Sinako ukwahlula ezi ntlobo zilandelayo engundoqo plasma physics. Ukuba abathwali kuba amasuntswana of uhlobo olunye (kunye uphawu oluchasayo amasuntswana isigxina, lwaze inkqubo musa ngenkululeko), ibizwa ngokuba kwicandelo elinye. Kwimeko malunga ngayo - ezimbini okanye multicomponent.

Iimpawu plasma

Ngoko ke, siya ukuchaza ngokufutshane ingqiqo plasma. Physics - an inzululwazi ngqo, ngoko ngaphandle iinkcazo ayikwazi ukukwenza. Ngoku xelela malunga nemisebenzi ephambili yale meko lomba.

iimpawu plasma kwezi physics. Okokuqala, kule meko phantsi amanyathelo imikhosi kagesi sele ezincinane kukho nokuhamba kwezithuthi - ngoku aqukuqela ngendlela yaye logama nje ezi imikhosi aziyi kupheliswa ngenxa ukuhlolwa imithombo zabo. Ngoko ke, lo plasma ekugqibeleni iya zibe kwimeko apho miqulu eselugcinwe yokuzibophelela cala. Ngamanye amazwi, umthamo wayo, yanikwa yokungcoliswa, babe zero isigxina. Olona phawu yesibini plasma uhlobene ukuya elide-uluhlu uhlobo Coulomb nemikhosi Ampere kaThixo. It sikuko yokuba intshukumo kule meko, njengoko umthetho, abe umlinganiswa ngokuhlangeneyo, ezibandakanya inani elikhulu amasuntswana icala. Ezi iimpawu ezisisiseko plasma physics. Baya kuba luncedo ukuba ukukhumbula.

Zombini ezi mpawu kukhokelela kukuba physics plasma linyuke etyebileyo ezohlukeneyo. Ukubonakalisa eyona iphawulekayo kuba lula kukuvela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo instabilities. Bona imiqobo enzima kwisicelo eluncedo plasma. Physics - inzululwazi ukuba eguqukayo. Ngoko ke, sinethemba lokuba ngexesha le miqobo ziza kupheliswa.

I-plasma ukuzala

Ukhankanye ukuba indlela umzekelo ezithile isakhiwo, siqala ngokuqwalasela ezisezantsi plasma kulo mba yinto enye. ulwelo olongezelelweyo kufuneka ikakhulu ngokuba iintsimbi lulwelo - umzekelo, okuhambelana esezantsi plasma - a electron plasma icandelo yenethiwekhi elinye. Ngokwenene, abanomdla kudidi kufuneka kwaziwe thina, kunye electrolyte engamanzi, ezo zenethiwekhi - ion zombini iimpawu. Noko ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, electrolytes musa akangowakhe kolu didi. Omnye wabo sikuko yokuba kwi electrolyte kungekho kukhanya, ihamba iziphathi ezifana electron. Ngoko ke, iimpawu plasma okhankanywe ngasentla ichazwa kakhulu buthathaka.

crystals plasma

I-plasma kwi ziikristale unalo igama elikhethekileyo - plasma okuqinileyo-karhulumente. Xa ziikristale ionic, nangona kukho izityholo, kodwa nangoku. Ngoko ke, akukho plasma. In iintsimbi - kukho electron conductivity okumisele lowo-component plasma. amwisele ihlawulelwa intlawulo ezisisigxina (ngakumbi ngqo, engakwazi ukuhamba imigama emide) ion.

I-plasma in semiconductors

Ukuqwalasela imithetho plasma physics, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba semiconductors imeko abakuluhlu oluphezulu. Ngokufutshane saziwe ngayo. OCP ezi izinto kunokwenzeka ukuba bangene nabo ukungcola efanelekileyo. Ukuba ukungcola ngokulula banikele electron (abantu), ngoko kukho n-uhlobo iziphathi - electron. Ukuba ukungcola, ngokuchaseneyo, electron eziqokelelweyo ngokulula (acceptors), ngoko kukho p-uhlobo zenethiwekhi - imingxuma (izithuba ezingenanto kwi ukwabiwa elektroni), esiziphethe njenge amasuntswana nentlawulo ezintle. I-plasma Icandelo-ezimbini ukhandwa elektroni nasemingxunyeni kwenzeka xa semiconductors ngendlela lula. Umzekelo, oku kuza phantsi yintshukumo ukukhanya lokumpompa, bahlaselwa elektroni ukusuka Valence band ukuya Uhanjiso band. Qaphela ukuba phantsi kweemeko ezithile, electron kunye nemingxuma ninomdla omnye komnye, abanokwenza urhulumente wambopha, ngokufanayo atom hydrogen, - i exciton, kwaye ukuba izinga pump kwanokuxinana excitons inkulu, ihlanganisa ndawonye ukwenza nethontsi lolwelo electron-umngxuma. Ngamanye amaxesha le meko ingqalelo urhulumente omtsha mbandela.

ionization igesi

Le mizekelo zibhekisela kwiimeko ezithile karhulumente plasma kunye plasma ngohlobo olunyulu kuthiwa igesi insimbi. Ngu ionization wayo kunokubangela izinto ezininzi: intsimi yombane (obhobhozayo igesi, nemvula), wobhobhozayo ezikhanyayo (photoionization), yamasuntswana ekhawulezayo (radiation zemithombo radioactive, reyi yesiqalo, eziye yavulwa nokwenyuka degree of ionization yobude). Noko ke, into ephambili ke ubushushu irhasi (ionization thermal). Kulo mzekelo, ukwahlulwa elektroni ukusuka umkhondo atom zingqubane namanye amasuntswana igesi yamva ukuba amandla eyaneleyo agciniweyo ngenxa lobushushu eliphezulu.

High-lobushushu low-lobushushu plasma

Elisezantsi lobushushu-physics plasma - into leyo ke udibane yonke imihla. Imizekelo yeemeko ezinjalo abe lilangatye, iyeza yokumpompoza igesi kunye nemibane, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo isithuba plasma ebandayo (ionosphere kunye izijikelezi magnetosphere kunye neenkwenkwezi), iyeza ukusebenza izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa (umbane MHD, iinjini plasma, izibane, njalo njalo. N.) . Imizekelo plasma eshushu - (. Tokamak, isixhobo laser, kunye nezixhobo umqadi al) izinto inkwenkwezi zonke izigaba zazivelela zabo, ngaphandle lwemfundo yabasaqalayo kunye nokuguga, ukusebenza ulwelo kwiinkqubo ze fusion ezilawulwa yenyukliya.

isimo wesine zenkqunto

Kwisiqingatha senkulungwane eyadlulayo, zezinto ezininzi kunye ekhemisi babekholelwa ukuba umcimbi iqulathe athom kunye iimolekyuli. Ayavumelana nodibaniso nokuba uphazamisekile kakhulu okanye ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi odolwe. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba kukho izigaba ezithathu - sukube, ulwelo kunye aqinileyo. Substances ukuthatha phantsi kwempembelelo iimeko zangaphandle.

Okwangoku, Noko ke, singatsho ukuba kukho 4 kwiimo mba. Loo plasma nga kuthathwa entsha, eyesine. umahluko wayo ukusuka incitshisiwe (okuqinileyo kunye ulwelo) ithi sikuko yokuba, njengokuba igesi kuphela luthambe uchebe, kodwa umthamo kwakhona esisigxina yabo. Kwelinye icala, abafana ne plasma incitshisiwe phambi imo ukuze lomqolo elifutshane, izikhundla ukuhlanganisa okt. E. kunye nokwakhiwa amasuntswana kunye eselumelwaneni isigxina plasma. Kulo mzekelo, unxulumano akwenziwanga eveliswa yimikhosi aphakathi kunye Coulomb: nesigxina kudala kude enegama elifanayo ngokwakhe notsalo izityholo azifani.

plasma physics bubele ngokufutshane ngokutsha. Esi sihloko kakhulu enzima, ukuze sikwazi ukuthetha nje ngoko baye bafunda iziseko zayo. plasma physics, ngokuqinisekileyo ukufanelekele uqwalaselwe ngakumbi.