Izisombululo: xi iqhekeza abaninzi. Inkcazo, ukubala kunye neziphakamiso

Ubunzima yoxinaniso yesisombululo yenye iingqiqo eziqhelekileyo chemistry mihla. Kweli nqaku siza ukutyhila iimpawu sezisombululo, iintlobo zazo, isicelo. Qaphela eminye imizekelo ukubala we iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoqhaphelo.

solutions iimpawu

Isisombululo - indlela yohlobo olunye ukuba sisincoko variable. Enye usoloko wenza njengoko ngokohlobo lwaloo macandelo ezimbini isicombululo. Ukuba iya ukunyibilikisa amaqhekeza noshowo nezinye izinto. Ibizwa ngokuba kuphela, apho zilungiswe ngayo molecule enyibilikayo.

Ukuba into ezimbini engumxube sukube, ngoko isinyibilikisi ayikho bodwa. Kuba imeko nganye bekusoloko kubanjwa izibalo ezizodwa.

Ukufumana iinkqubo eyohlobo olulodwa

Ukuze ufumane izisombululo yohlobo olunye lezinyibilikisi eziyimfuneko yokuwela nakwiiyunithi zezakhiwo. Kuphela kule meko nkqubo iza kuba yinyaniso. Xa amathontsi ezincinane splintering, iinkozo ezo kukhutshwa eliphakathi walungisa izisombululo colloidal, emulsions, ukumiswa.

isisombululo application

Koko, xa kusakhiwa ngomxube wesanti, isamente, amanzi, ebizwa kwakhona isisombululo, kodwa ingongoma eekhemikhali umbono oko ukunqunyanyiswa. Ukubaluleka practical sezisombululo ekunokuthiwa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.

ekudibaneni kwemichiza olwenzeka izisombululo ulwelo umthamo sijike. Oku kwenza ukuba zibe nokufumaneka zize indlela ngaphandle naliphi na inyathelo olongezelelweyo kwisistim. Lo mxube equlathe amasuntswana eqinileyo, ukuba enze indlela ngokupheleleyo. Ukuze kukhawuleziswe inkqubo, amasuntswana kufuneka uqhagamshelane kwiindawo ezithile. Sokwandisa ziikristale izinga basabela zaye triturated ngesingqusho, kwaye ngoko ke zixinaniswe. Kodwa nangoko lula ukufikelela ukuphelela yenkqubo.

Isisombululo inkqubo efanayo kwenzeka ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Iimolekyuli ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo yangqubana zabo utshintshwano imichiza kwenzeka. Namandla eqala ukuma kule abasabela oluhlala nkqubo ezinganyibiliki Oku hayi ngumsindo.

iipropati Physical kunye ingqalelo sezisombululo

iqhekeza Mass of kwezinto kuvumela ukumisela umlinganiselo ubungakanani bento enyibilikayo kunye nesinyibilikisi ithathwe lokulungiselela lwabo. Metal aluminiyamu, ngasendleleni, kakhulu, izisombululo, kodwa eziqinileyo, luphawulwa iparameters ezithile emzimbeni.

Izisombululo uyakwazi ukutshintsha amandla yecandelo iyapheliswa. Oku kwenza bathandwe kwezolimo kunye namayeza. Umzekelo, nesisombululo potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) isetyenziselwa ekunyangeni amanxeba kunye abrasions ukugxila eliphezulu. Kodwa ukubaluleka kunye ingqalelo yayo esezantsi. Ngoko ke, lo iqhezu ubunzima iziyobisi 2-3% isisombululo unika pink kancinane, yafunwa ukuba lavage esiswini.

ziikristale Violet Dark-potassium permanganate bangabi zisetyenziselwa iinjongo zonyango, ngenxa yokuba iipropati enamandla oxidizing. Ngokubanzi, ubunzulu umbala inxulumene ngqo koko ingqalelo yakhe. iqhekeza Mass kwimfuyo uyakwazi ukunyenyisa ubuthi sisombululo ogqityiweyo.

iqhekeza mass

Njani na ukubala ngokoxinzelelo? iqhezu Mass osisiqu luphawulwa lulwahlulo ubunzima ngezixhobo ubunzima sisombululo esithathwe njengepesenti. iimpawu zabo organoleptic kuchaphazela kuphela into ziya kubhangiswa; kodwa amanqaku. Umzekelo, ukuba saline obuthathaka isoya phantse iimpawu, ngelixa zoqhaphelo aphezulu ngayo esizibonakalisa shiyana.

Kuqeqesho umiselwa ingqondo? iqhekeza Mass of kweziyobisi isisombululo bangaphathwa zifundo of chemistry ezingaphiliyo. Imisebenzi ngaso incazelo yayo ifakiwe le misebenzi yovavanyo yesidanga iklasi 9.

Apha usho umzekelo apho xi esetyenzisiweyo.

Sodium chloride 25%. Weight 250 grams ye isisombululo. Ukumisela ubunzima amanzi eziqulathwe kuyo. Ukwenza izibalo kufuneka kuqala bana phandle ubunzima kweziyobisi. Ngokusekelwe olinganise sinokuyifumana ukuba into nesisombululo 62,5 grams. Ukuze ubone ubunzima amanzi kufuneka sisuswe 250 grams ubunzima eziphathekayo, imiphumo iba 187,5 g

iintlobo zoqhaphelo

Yintoni ingqondo? Weight iqhekeza ngaphantsi kwekhulu ekhulwini inokuba khona isisombululo. Xa chemistry, igama elithi "ingqondo" ebonisa umxholo othile ento. Kukho ezahlukeneyo eziliqela yayo, izinyo, yoxinaniso abaninzi.

Umzekelo, ukuba alungiselele nesisombululo 80 grams zamanzi ne-20 iigrem sodium chloride yaye zijongisise amaqhezu ubunzima kweziyobisi isisombululo kufuneka kuqala bajonge ubunzima sisombululo. Kuya kuba ezilikhulu grams. Iipesenti Isiqulatho kweziyobisi ka-20 ekhulwini ifunyenwe.

Siye sahlaziya into iqhezu abaninzi. Xi Umlinganiselo izinyo ukwimo kuthatha ngumqulu yesisombululo esithathwe. Ukuze alungiselele isisombululo kunye yoxinaniso izinyo zinikwe, kuqala bajonge ubunzima kweziyobisi. Ngoko ke ubunzima kunye nemali efunekayo unyityilikiswa ilitha wesinyibilikisi.

Ukubalwa xi izinyo

Ngoko ke, ngokuba ukulungiselela iilitha ezi-2 isisombululo kunye xi 0,15 Mol / l yetyuwa yi mass lokuqala abaliweyo leyo eziqulathwe kule isisombululo. Ukuze wenze oku, yahlula abamenzelayo 0,15 ilitha 2, siye sifumane 0,075 Mol. Ngoku ukubala ubunzima: phinda-0,075 Mol, 58,5 g / Mol. Isiphumo - 4.39 g

Iinjongo Chemistry Analytical

Njengoko uhlalutyo lwekhemikhali isicelo ingxaki ingqalelo. Ngoncedo lwawo ukuchonga ukwakhiwa umxube, kuqhuba iimvavanyo zokuqaphela iingxaki, amatye zihlalutywe. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ukuba amisele ukwakhiwa ubunjani kunye ubungakanani isicombululo.

Phakathi imisebenzi abafunyenwe ngokufuthi chemistry ezingaphiliyo, ziphawulwe kungomlinganiselo ezahlukeneyo ukwimo kwi ixabiso nezinye izinto. Esebenzisa experimenti nga kwenziwa Ukongeza chu isisombululo iyaziwa apho xi izinyo yezisombululo efunekayo. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba titration.

Ukunyibilika nemixube

Isinyibilikisi iqhelekileyo amanzi. It ngokugqibeleleyo enyibilikayo iinqwelwana, ii-asidi, iityuwa, iikhompawundi ezithile organic. Ukuba izisombululo zolwelo zezona ixhaphake kakhulu kwiinkqubo indalo. Amanzi lisebenza kuphela eziphilayo. Kucingwa isiseko kukuvela ulwelo ezininzi: igazi, cytosolic, iziselo intercellular. iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana nezityalo ukuphila ngendlela zolwelo medium.

impahla Solubility ebizwa into songanyibilikisswa sijike ekhethiweyo. Le yinkolelo ezinzima kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo bokuqonda ethile kunye awohluke ze isakhiwo sijike.

Njengoko umgangatho kwezinto eziphilayo ukuze kuchazwe alkoholi. Ziquka kwiqela layo ubulungu gidrokislnye ngoko ube ukunyibilika eliphezulu.

isiphelo

Nawuphi esingamanzi zizakujongwa njengo kuphela. Kungenxa yoko le nto idla kukhokelela ukunyibilika efanayo olwelo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, phakathi organic izinto Kungaba liphathwe esters ukunyibilika emanzini.

iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoqhaphelo asetyenziswe chemistry ezingaphiliyo organic, ukunceda ukuqhuba ukuzimisela ubunjani kunye ubungakanani kwezinto. Ithiyori izisombululo ezifunwayo ifildi yodibaniso, ekhemisti namayeza namhlanje.