Capillary - it ... ezi ngcanjana igazi. emithanjeni imisebenzi

Nayiphi na into ephilayo ayikwazi ayisekho nokuphuhlisa ingekho i-oksijini kunye nezondlo. Oksijini ukungena emiphungeni ukusuka kokusingqongileyo, kwanwenwa wonke umzimba inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi, nto leyo eye isakhiwo kunokuba ezintsonkothileyo. Blood kwegazi ilungiselelwa ngemibhobho ezibuhlazarha - imithambo, arterioles, precapillaries, emithanjeni postcapillaries, imithambo, venules kunye arterioles-lwemithambo anastomoses. Icarbon dioxide kunye nezinye iimveliso inkunkuma yokutya emzimbeni nazo isuswe emzimbeni le mpahla. Okukhona zithulwe entliziyweni, kokukhona eyayizalwa zazo zibe ezincinane.

Emithanjeni: inkcazo

Ukuba kwemithambo naseVienna, ngokulandelelana, ephethe igazi ngokusuka entliziyweni, zikholo yona, na enkulu nempahla, i emithanjeni - le kakhulu subtle yokujikeleza tube ne ububanzi of 5-10 microns. Kwaye njengoko imithambo yegazi, njengokuba kuphela ngokunikezela izakhamzimba iiseli, azibhalwanga inxaxheba kule nqubo yokuchaza gas phakathi kwegazi, lo msebenzi yabelwa emithanjeni. Eyokuqala Iinkcazelo zezikaYe- ukuya Italian nzulu M. Malpighi, ngubani 1661 Wabanika kwenkcazelo yokumilisela ikhonkco phakathi kwemijelo kunye lwemithambo nempahla. Phambi kwakhe, uWilliam Harvey kwangaphambili ubukho babo.

Isakhiwo kunye nobukhulu emithanjeni

Ezi mpahla abaselula ngobubanzi malunga alinganayo amalungu ezahlukeneyo. Elikhulu kubo zifike mithambo of microns ukuya ku-30, kwaye uninzi elimxinwa - 5 microns. Kulula ukuba ukuqinisekisa ukuba emithanjeni igazi ngokubanzi kwi eyiqalise ngayo ichapazela kwi mithambo tube igcwele kwiiseli ezininzi endothelial, kanti umsantsa umaleko lincinane amiliswe elinye kuphela okanye ezimbini iiseli. imithambo yegazi enjalo ubhityile akhiwe zezihlunu, kunye texture striated, nangenxa ubukhulu yabo ngaphantsi kunolo iiseli ezibomvu, le yokugqibela xa edlula ngamava yegazi deformation elimxinwa ezibalulekileyo.

Capillary - ityhubhu obhityileyo ukuze udonga yayo ubunjwe iiseli ngamanye endothelium, leyo ke ukunxibelelana nabanye, akanayo umaleko kwezihlunu kwaye ngoko nako lincitshiswe. network Capillary ngokuqhelekileyo iqulethe igazi,% 25 kuphela ezo miqulu, nto leyo ukungena kuyo. Kodwa kungenziwa utshintsho kula miqulu xa indlela ukuzeyisa, xa iiseli zezihlunu kakuhle bekhululekile.

ibhedi Capillary, venules, arterioles

Blood budget ngqo entliziyweni ngokusebenzisa izinto ezinkulu, apho kwenza Kwangale. Kwathi emithanjeni ngenxa yegazi igazi venules - amacandelo lincinci nemibutho yabasebenzi. Bona abunjwe kwiindawo ezithile uxhulumaniso capillary, ebizwa kwebhedi capillary, kwaye hlanganisa emthanjeni.

Ukusebenza njengeyunithi eyodwa, ibhedi capillary ukulawula igazi zasekuhlaleni, iimfuno zomzimba nazo izondlo ezibalulekileyo. Inqanawa ethwele igazi entliziyweni, kuchazwa ngokuthi umthambo. Capillary ifumana igazi kwemithambo ngokusebenzisa arteriole - mncinci kuno kuyo, le nqanawa.

Arterioles kwi inkqubo yokujikeleza ezandulela emithanjeni. Kwiindawo apho isebe evela emithanjeni arterioles sisezindongeni imithambo yegazi zibekwe ijikazi leeseli izihlunu, leyo ichazwa ngokucacileyo kwaye babe sphincters. Bona elawula inkqubo yokumpompoza igazi womnatha ngcanjana. Ngokwesiqhelo evulekile kuphela encinane yinxalenye sphincters, ebizwa precapillary. Ngoko ke igazi njengamaza ngeli xesha hayi zonke iindlela ezikhoyo.

Eyona uphawu yegazi kwegazi kwindawo ebhedini capillary kukuba kukho kulogo imijikelo zokuziphumza ngamathuba athile kwaye nokunciphisa kwizihlunu kwezihlunu egudileyo angqonge kunye precapillaries arterioles. It ikuvumela ukuba ukudala nokuxuba, flow uveza legazi ngokusebenzisa uthungelwano emithanjeni.

Imisebenzi ye capillary endothelial

endothelium Capillary iye permeability ezaneleyo ngotshintshiselwano phakathi nezihlunu lomzimba negazi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo izinto. Ngoko ke yintoni eyenza emithanjeni, i ukudlulisela izondlo kunye neemveliso metabolic.

Amanzi kunye nezinto zichithakala nje kuyo, kulula ngokuqhelekileyo ucanda eludongeni inqanawa kumacala omabini. Kodwa enye iiprothini kunye negazi iiseli sihlale ngaphakathi emithanjeni. Abafundileyo kwinkqubo ezingasafunekiyo kwakhona kudlula njengomqobo igazi ukudlulisela ukuba kubulawe abo emzimbeni. Ngoko ke, lo capillary - sayo yinxalenye engundoqo njengenxalenye yazo zonke nezihlunu zomzimba, ukwakha olunzulu womnatha igazi nempahla, ezihambelanayo, Ukuba olusenyongweni ukuqhagamshelana iseli nezakhiwo. Owona msebenzi wawo yokubonelela zonke iindlela izinto, eziyimfuneko ukuze eqhelekileyo yokusebenza, kunye nokususwa kwezinto lwenkunkuma.

Ngamanye amaxesha ubungakanani molekyuli lingaba likhulu kakhulu kuyenye kuzo iiseli endothelial. Kulo mzekelo, ukuze ukutshintshela kubo ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo capture - endocytosis okanye fusion - exocytosis. Kwiinkqubo ukudumba emzimbeni ezenza emithanjeni, kube yinxalenye indlela omzimba. Kulo mzekelo, phezu komhlaba iimolekyuli receptor endothelial kuvela ukuba kulibaziseka iiseli nezifo kwaye kubanceda ukuba ugqithele kwindawo osulelo okanye enye umonakalo kwisithuba extravascular.

capillary nganye - necandelo yinxalenye yothungelwano enkulu enika igazi kwemali kuwo onke amalungu. Ngaloo ndlela elikhulu umzimba uthungelwano capillary ebanzi kakhulu. Kwaye eliphezulu umsebenzi iiseli kwiinkqubo ukutya, kokukhona inani elincinane iimpahla siyafuneka ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo izinto.

ukuhamba kwegazi ngokusebenzisa uthungelwano capillary

Igazi ujikeleziswe kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokuba uxinzelelo wadala kwi imithambo ngenxa ucutheko esebenzayo zesingqisho lwemithambo, kodwa ngenxa esebenzayo ucutheko nokwandiswa capillary. emithanjeni Igazi flow kwegazi olucothayo kakhulu, isantya apho engekho ngaphezulu kwe-0.5 mm ngomzuzu. Oku kwaba yi kokuma ezininzi kule nkqubo. Kwangaxeshanye, ucutheko nokwandiswa kwezi mpahla oluncinane ukufikelela ukuya kwi-70% ye-sangqa le mithambo. Physiologists bayakwazi wobopha adventitial phawu ezisebenza izinto ezihamba kunye imithambo yegazi kunye emithanjeni bachazwa ngokuthi iiseli ezikhethekileyo nciphisa ofanelekileyo.

Kwakhona kucingelwa ukuba ngokwabo iindonga capillary endothelial abe okubuyela kwimo ethile kunye contractility kunokwenzeka kwaye ungatshintsha ubungakanani mithambo. Abanye kwengqondo lubonisa ukuba babone ukuncitshiswa elifutshane elide iiseli endothelial kwezo ndawo apho kungekho iiseli ezikhaphayo. iimeko yezifo ezifana ukutsha kakhulu okanye ukothuka kunokubangela i komlomo ezi ngcanjana ngokuphindwe 3 ngaphezulu kunesiqhelo. Apha, njengokuba umthetho, kukho ukuhla okubonakalayo izinga lokuhamba kwegazi, nto leyo evumela ukuba yande kwibhedi capillary endaweni umonakalo. Ucinezelo le emithanjeni nayo kukhokelela ekuncipheni kwemali egazini Velocity kubo.

iintlobo ezintathu emithanjeni

emithanjeni Continuous zezo apho ezidibanayo iseli-iseli ezi ashinyeneyo kakhulu. Oku kukuvumela ukuba Ukuncitshiswa molekyuli ezincinane ion.

Olunye uhlobo emithanjeni - fenestirovannye. iindonga zabo banikwe le mithambo ukuba Ukuncitshiswa iimolekyuli ezinkulu okanye iikhompawundi zabo. Ezifana emithanjeni ibekwe ezidalwe namadlala, amathumbu kunye namanye amaziko, oluqhutywa ngokunzulu utshintshiselwano kwezinto phakathi kwegazi kunye namalaphu.

Sinusoidal - emithanjeni ezinjalo, udonga ayifani isakhiwo, akukho lula kakhulu lumens zangaphakathi. Ukuba ziyafumaneka kwabo amalungu apho kungekho ngasentla, kukho iintlobo ezithile.

yegazi iingxaki

Imithambo, imithambo, emithanjeni - azikho ngokwaneleyo ikhuselwe kwiimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo kwaye kuxhomekeke umonakalo rhoqo. Abasengozini zikhona iimpahla yegazi ebuthathaka komzimba. I emithanjeni kufuneka lincinane kakhulu ukwenzela ukuba kudlule ukungena kwiiseli kuphela icandelo engamanzi igazi, kunokuba ngasekunene, yaye ukwahlula kunakuqala. Ngoko ke, ezi mpahla zintle, udonga endothelial evakalala apho iinkqubo kwe- uthathe indawo izinto. Kanye oko kubandakanya inani elincinane lamanqanaba cell, aze abenze krobo.

Emithanjeni abanalo njengoko imithambo yegazi, umaleko olukhuselayo. Ngako oko ke, akukho ukhuseleko kwiimpembelelo zangaphandle kunye umonakalo zizinto abalwenzayo kunye negazi. Kuba nawuphi na umonakalo okanye izifo imithambo yegazi achaphazeleka kuqala. Ukuba oku kwenzeka xa emithanjeni yozigqabhuza nezonakeleyo, bayahluleka ukuzalisekisa umsebenzi wayo ophambili transfer kwezondlo. Kulo mzekelo, iseli akafuni ukufumana kuzo isikhephe iludonga wonakele, sehlise umsebenzi wabo baze bafe. Ukuba ubonelelo ngegazi kuphazamisekile yonke inkqubo ilungu okanye iziko, baqale omkhulu iseli ukufa ngenxa ukuswela ezifunekayo ukuze baziphilise. Ngoko, kwi yomzimba eqala kuhlaselwa sesi sifo, enye yazo yaqalisa emithanjeni umonakalo.

Jonga esipilini

Amaxesha amaninzi, sijonge ukubonakaliswa kwakhe esipilini, ubona phezu kobuso ontambo amancinci - emithanjeni ebomvu, nto leyo engazange khona ngaphambili. Abaninzi luvalo, ngokuthatha kwabo ukuvela iimpawu izifo ezinobungozi. Ngokutsho manani, 80% oluntu ngabona utshintsho ezinjalo, xa emithanjeni inimba sibonakale ngesikhumba. Okokuqala, oku kubonisa ukuba lo msebenzi eqhelekileyo beempahla ezaphukileyo. Nangona ngokwayo ukwanda umonakalo kakhulu impilo emithanjeni ayisebenzi, oko sibe sibi imbonakalo. Olujikeleza Mesh phezu kobuso - of Rosacea - ke uphiwa ukubonakalalisa sifo, isigaba yayo kakhulu engeyongozi, kodwa imiqondiso malunga iingxaki emzimbeni.

ezisebenza izifo

Okokuqala, kukho ukwanda kunye nokudityaniswa isitya ukuze liyakhanya ngesikhumba kwaye libonakala. Amaninzi, le meko inokubonakalisa phezu kobuso okanye eluswini izandla neenyawo. Ke thinner kwizicwili ulusu, naphantsi neempahla zabo ezizinyusileyo ukufumana tuberosity kwaye kwayinto ibonakala ngakumbi. Ingozi apha kukuba olindelwe kwaye buthathaka iindonga capillary ngokwabo, yaye oku kungakhokelela ekubeni komsipha zabo. Ke ukuba emithanjeni yachitheka, kuyafuneka ukuba athathe amanyathelo kungekuphela nje ukuphelisa iziphene izithambiso, kodwa kananjalo ekuchongeni nasekunyangeni ezimbi, ezibe unobangela yokwenzakala yegazi.

Oonobangela ngcanjana ezimbi

Ukunyhashwa microcirculation ezinokubangelwa ezahlukeneyo zinto. Kuqala kwinto zonke, apha kufuneka ibandakanye uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nobudala utshintsha nempahla. Ngoko intshabalalo yabo unobangela ekugugeni yonke eziphilayo. ukudumba Various eluswini, ukuxhatshazwa Akukho nje, kakhulu emzimbeni kukhokelela yaphula ingqibelelo kodonga capillary.

Ukwamkelwa arhente hormone abanye ukuba babe nefuthe iphumle phezu imithambo yegazi, ebangela ukuba ukwandisa kunye nomonakalo. Ngelo xesha banokuchaphazeleka kwiindawo ezinkulu nokuphuhlisa iingxaki. ngezifo ngolo kwenzeka xa capillary crash kwamadlala ephilayo, ezifana ukukhulelwa, isisu okanye emva ekubelekeni. isifo Isibindi, ukuphazamiseka of coagulation igazi okanye outflow lwemithambo na ukuba imzisele ukutshatyalaliswa emithanjeni. Indima ebalulekileyo edlalwa yofuzo kulo mbandela.

emithanjeni inimba kwi umntwana

Kukholelwa ukuba iingxaki isitya igazi ecekethekileyo ukuze ndinikhathaze kuphela abadala. Kodwa kwakhona kwenzeka ukuba emithanjeni inimba kwenzeka ubuso umntwana. Oonobangela abe utshintsho hormone, ufuzo okanye iimeko zemozulu echaphazela ulusu ubuncwane yomntwana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi ngxaki bemke bodwa njengoko bekhula umntwana omdala. Kodwa ukuze kumiselwe iingozi ezimbi ngakumbi kakhulu, abazali kufuneka ukuba bajonge wesikhumba, oya isigqibo imfuneko unyango, okanye usete ixesha lo mmangaliso.