Inkqubo yokujikeleza

Inkqubo yokujikeleza yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi evaliweyo equka iibondari ezimbini (i-venous and arterial or small and large) ye-circulation kunye "nompompo ophakathi" - intliziyo.

Zonke iinqanawa zihlukaniswe zibe yimvumba, iinqanawa ezincinci (i-capillaries) kunye neetriyri. Owona mva wenza umsebenzi wokubika i-oksijeni-eyetshenzisiweyo, igazi "elicocekileyo" kwizitho kunye nasezikhunjini. Imirhubhe yizona mikhumbi ezininzi, apho iimbumba ze-muscular ziphuhlisiwe. Inkqubo ye-circulatory ye-arterium iquka iinqanawa ezinkulu ezichithwa zibe ziincinci (arterioles), ezikuyo ifom ye-capillaries ye-thinnest. Zithatha inkunkuma kwaye zivelise iimveliso ezinobomi kunye ne-oxygen. Ngokusebenzisa i-capillaries, i-arterioles ixhunyiwe kwiimvini kwiiscupu.

Inkqubo ye-circulatory ye-venous ijongene nokuvelisa ukuphuma kwegazi le- carbon . Kule mikhumbi igazi libuyela entliziyweni. Iimvumba eziphakathi kunye ezincinci zinamagobhu okuthintela ukubuya (okuchasayo) kwegazi.

Intliziyo imelelwe ngumzimba osisigxina kunye namagumbi amane. Iquka ii-atria ezimbini (ezamkela amagumbi) kunye nama-ventricle amabini, asebenza njengeipompo. Enhliziyweni kukho ukwahlula okuhlukileyo. I-ventricle engasekhohlo kunye ne-atrium ekhohlo ihlulwe yi-valve e-fold-fold, i-ventricle efanelekileyo kunye ne-rightrigo ye-right areriv leaf leaf. Kuluhlu lwevilva, iintambo zentambo ziqhotyoshelwe kwicala le-ventricular. Umsebenzi weevavini ukukhusela ukuhamba kwegazi.

Intliziyo ijikelezwe ngesikhwama esisisigxina - i-pericardium.

Njengoko kukhankanywe ngasentla, inkqubo yejikelezayo iquka imijikelezo emibini yokusasazwa. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zihlala zithetha malunga nesithathu - intliziyo yesangqa. Ikwahluke ngenxa yobaluleka bayo, kuba inembopheleleko yokubonelela nge-myocardium. Isiqalo sesangqa sihlala kwimibhobho emibini ye-coronary , isuka kwisiseko se-aorta ekhuphukayo. Ukungena kwe-cardiac myocardium, benza inethiwekhi yemithambo emincinci. I-myocardium ibonakaliswe ngethungelwano olunzulu olunzulu lwama-capillari, enika iinkqubo ezithatha indawo kule mzimba. Ukusuka kwigazi le-myocardium enegazi eliphambukayo liya kufikelela entliziyweni yentliziyo kwiintlobo ezininzi zeemvini ze-coronary. Ngoqhekeko lweesifo senhliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi luyadalwa. Ngenxa yoko, igazi legazi lihamba.

Isangqa esikhulu sisuka kwi-ventricle ekhohlo. Ukuqhekeka kwentliziyo ye-muscle kukukhuthaza ukuhamba kwegazi elichaphazelekayo kwi-aorta, kwaye zonke izitho kunye nezicubu. Kule meko, ukubonelelwa kwezondlo kunye ne-oxygen kunye nokuzaliswa kwegazi kunye nemveliso yempilo yeselula kunye ne-carbon dioxide. Igazi liqokelelwa emithanjeni ngokusebenzisa i-capillaries. Ngomlanjeni ophezulu nangaphantsi, ungena kwi-atrium efanelekileyo, ukuvala isangqa esikhulu.

Isangqa esincinci sivela kwi-ventricle efanelekileyo. Igazi ukusuka emthanjeni, efika kwi-atrium ekunene, igeleza kwi-ventricle efanelekileyo, apho iphuma khona kwimitha yemiphunga. Ukudlula kwi-capillaries ye-pulmonary, ikhishwa kwi-carbon dioxide kwaye, egcwele i-oksijeni, iya kuba yintsimbi kwaye iphele kwi-atrium ekhohlo.

I-phylogeny ye-circulatory system kuzo zonke izilwanyana ziyafana. Isakhiwo sale nkqubo siquka i-aorta, ibhedi ye-microcirculatory (kubandakanywa nenethiwekhi yecillary), iirriyiti, intliziyo kunye nemifuno. Kulo nkqubo, inethiwekhi ye-lymphatic yayiye yahlukana ngexesha lokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Izinguqu eziphambili kwisakhiwo senkqubo yokujikeleza ziquka ukutshintsha kohlobo lokuphefumula ukusuka kwindlela yokwenza i-gill ukuya kwindlela yeplmon.

Izifo zesistim (circular system) (izifo ze-vascular), njengomthetho, ziphathwa ngokubhekiselele kuhlobo lweempahla ezichaphazelekayo. Ngoko, umzekelo, ukutyelela kwiindonga ze-vascular kubangele ii-aneurysms. Kwi-aorta, iinkqubo ze-atherosclerotic okanye iintsholongwane zihlala zikhula. Ukuphuka kwayo kungenzeka ngenxa yobuthakathaka bokuzalwa beendonga okanye intlungu. Kwiingxube ze-pulmonary arteriosclerotic utshintsho lunokwenzeka okanye i-patenogen congenital may occur. Iingcingo zomda zihlala zichaphazela i-atherosclerosis. Kwiimvini, izilonda ze-varicose okanye ukuvutha (phlebitis) zivame ukuvela.