Le V8 injini: iimpawu, iifoto, umzobo, isixhobo, umthamo, ubunzima. Cars nge injini V8

Okwangoku kukho ezininzi iinketho powertrain ngokuxhomekeke lungiselelo kunye nenani cylinder. V8 injini ibhekisa nqanaba liphezulu iinjini iimoto abakhweli, njengoko zifakwa kunye nezemidlalo kunye nemizekelo zodidi. Ngoko ke, bona akuxhaphakanga kakhulu, kodwa imfuno.

definition

V8 injini iyunithi amandla kunye ilungiselelo ezimile V-cylinder imiqolo emibini emine kunye crankshaft eqhelekileyo.

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Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela, kwakungekho uxhulumaniso oluthe ngqo phakathi umthamo injini kunye nenani cylinder. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, izinto ezifana njengoko ukwanda isantya kunye nezakhono, ngokunjalo umnqweno ukunciphisa iindleko kukhokelele ukuqaliswa kwe-avareji umthamo lombhobho. Ngaphezu koko, bekukho into efana ilitha umthamo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ibotshelelwe amandla injini ngenani cylinder. Loo nto cylinder ngamnye umthamo othile, yaye ixabiso umthamo ethile ukususa amandla athile. Ngaphezu koko, ezi mpawu ezo ubuhle, oko kukuthi, ukuba ningazicingeli ngaphezu kwabo kwimveliso mass ayikho inzuzo. Ngoko ke, models ngobuninzi encinane baqalisa ukuba kuxhotyiswe oomatshini umqulu encinane inani elincinane iisilinda, yaye ukufikelela amandla eliphezulu efunekayo ukwakha iiyunithi amandla multi-itankana volume enkulu.

indaba

Injini V8 lokuqala baqalisa imveliso 1904 Kuye kwasungulwa kwiminyaka emibini eyadlulayo Leonom Levasserom. Noko ke, kwakungayi kuba kusebenza iimoto wammisa phezu iinqwelo kunye amaphenyane amancinane.

Okokuqala Automobile injini V8 3536 ^cm3 volume yakhululwa inkampani Rolls-Royce. Nakuba kunjalo, uye wakha iimoto-3 kuphela, baxhotyiswa nabo.

Ngowe-1910, 7773 ^cm3 V8 lifakwe ngumvelisi De Dion-Bouton. Nangona iimoto zixhotyiswe nabo eya- khululwa kancinane, ngowe-1912 yena thaca eNew York, ebangela eninzi inzala. Emva koko, ukudalwa iinjini ezinjalo ukwenza abenzi yaseMelika.

Iimoto yokuqala noko ngobuninzi imveliso kunye injini V8 yaba inkampani Cadillac ngo-1914 Yaba umthamo injini nizhneklapannym ka-5429 cm ^3. Kukholelwa ukuba uyilo lwalo ukhutshelwe iyunithi amandla French ikhankanywe ngasentla. Kunyaka wokuqala we wavelisa malunga 13 000 iimoto zixhotyiswe nabo.

Emva kweminyaka emi-2, uguqulelo sakhe V8 yeelitha 4 wazisa Oldsmobile.

Ngowe-1917, kwakhona Chevrolet waqalisa imveliso ye ilitha V8 4.7 Noko ke, kunyaka ozayo, umenzi yaba yinxalenye GM kaThixo, yona le yunithi mveliso zimbini zikhankanywe apha ngasentla. Noko ke, Chevrolet, ngokungafaniyo kubo, utsaleleka kumba amafutha-eyiyo iimoto, apho ebekumele ukuba ukuseka injini elula, ngoko ke imveliso V8 wayeka.

Zonke ii-injini kuxoxwe ngasentla olufakwe kwi imifuziselo abizayo. Kuba ngqa ubunzima kuleyo nkampani Ford yatshintshelwa 1932 g Model 18. Ngaphezu koko, iyunithi amandla a sunguleni omkhulu zobugcisa. Kwagqitywa mayixhotyiswe ongangokugibisela yentsimbi cylinder block, nangona phambi kokuba kuveliswe ezi ndawo lujongwa wobugcisa engenakwenzeka, ngoko iziqulathi wahluliwe crankcase, leyo zexabiso imveliso yazo. Ukudala isiqwenga esinye ezifunekayo ukuphucula ubugcisa eyahlulayo. Iyunithi entsha amandla ebizwa ngokuba Flathead. Yavelisa ukuya ku-1954

In the US iinjini V8 ingakumbi kwande efumaneka imi--30. Zaba zithandwa kangangokuba ezi iiyunithi amandla zixhobisa zonke iindidi iimoto, ngaphandle subcompact. Imoto nge injini V8 ekupheleni kuka-1970, mayibalwe-80% yabo bonke yenziwe eUnited States. Ngoko ke amagama amaninzi enxulumene nezi iiyunithi ngamandla, imvelaphi yaseMelika, kunye V8, abaninzi ukunxulumana iimoto yaseMelika.

EYurophu, le injini anifumananga ithandwa kangaka. Ngoko ke, kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane esidlulileyo baxhotyiswa kuphela intwana eziveliswa imifuziselo elite. Kuphela '50 yaqala ukubonakala imveliso yokuqala iinjini cylinder-nesibhozo okanye iimoto kunye injini V8. Yaye inxalenye yokugqibela yafakwa kunye powertrains American ezenziwe.

lungiselelo

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela, into engaqhelekanga okunkcenkceshela injini mihla, umzekelo, semitsilindrovye,-itankana ezisibhozo-line kunye nkwenkwezi.

Kunye nokufezekiswa isakhiwo Motors, ngokuthi kuqaliswe le migaqo ikhankanywe ngasentla, inani cylinder ngoku sele elicetyiweyo iinjini njengoko ubuchule babo. Kwaye ngoko, kwavela umbuzo indawo nesemgangathweni.

Okokuqala kwabonakala inguqulelo elula ubeko - ku-line isayizi. Olu hlobo kufuna yokufaka ngomgca omnye emva komnye. Nangona kunjalo, eli lungiselelo ezifanelekileyo iinjini kunye nenani akukho iisilinda ngaphezu ezintandathu. Eyona eqhelekileyo Ukrainian lunee ntlobo-cylinder ezine. Emibini kunye iinjini cylinder-amathathu zinqabile kakhulu, nangona wabonakala kwinkulungwane XX ekuqaleni. iinjini-cylinder Five nazo akuxhaphakanga kakhulu, ngaphandle, ukuba yaphuhliswa kuphela 70s phakathi. -Cylinder ezintandathu-line iinjini ngoku ukulahlekelwa ukuthandwa. esemgceni Layout cylinder-ezisibhozo iinjini bayeka ukuba isicelo imi--30.

Ukusetyenziswa yesiphaluka ezimilise V-Iimowutha kunye nenani elikhulu cylinder ngenxa iingcamango ubeko entsimini. Xa usebenzisa ubeko esisemgceni beeyunithi amandla multi-cylinder, baya kufumana elide kakhulu, kwaye kukho ingxaki ukubekwa phantsi kwenzakalani. Okwangoku, i zixhaphakileyo cross-lwebhodi yezitshixo kunye isithuba-line-cylinder ezintandathu ngokunjalo kunzima kakhulu. Kulo mzekelo, iingxaki ezininzi zenzeka ekupapashweni gearbox. Kungenxa yoko le nto iinjini ezinjalo wanika indlela eya V6 ukwanda. Akwazi ibekwe zombini longitudinally yokuxazulula.

isicelo

Scheme ingqalelo ezininzi eziqhele ukusetyenziswa iinjini yokuba umthamo omkhulu. ukuba Babeke ikakhulu ezemidlalo kunye neemodeli intlawulo phakathi iimoto abakhweli kunye enzima SUV, iilori, iibhasi, iitrektara.

iimpawu

Ngu osnonovnym parameters V8 ziquka umthamo volume, lo ngokulula nciphisa ekujikeni.

umthamo

Lo parameter yenye iqhosha nayiphi na injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi. Ekuqaleni imbali injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi kwakungekho uqhagamshelwano phakathi amandla motor kunye nenani iisilinda, nakumndilili samba ngaphezulu kakhulu kunokuba kunjalo ngoku. Ngoko ke, i olunye-cylinder 10 ilitha owaziwayo ilitha 23 isilinda ezintandathu.

Noko ke, kamva yaziswa cylinder Umlinganiselo volume ekhankanywe apha ngasentla kwaye ubudlelwane phakathi umthamo namandla.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe, ilungiselelo phantsi ingqalelo isetyenziswa ikakhulu ngenxa mnogolitrovyh powertrains. Ngoko ke, umthamo V8 injini Kudla ngokungabikho kweelitha ngaphantsi kwe-4. Elona xabiso liphezulu le parameter engines mihla yeemoto abakhweli kunye SUV bafikelela iilitha 8.5. On iilori, iitrektara, iibhasi kunye nokuseka iiyunithi amandla ngokomthamo (24 l).

amandla

Le injini uphawu V8 inokumiselwa ngokususela umthamo ilitha ethile. Yepetroli injini esesibhakabhakeni ngayo 100 hp Ngenxa yoko, i-injini 4 L ine kunamandla aqhelekileyo ka 400 HP Ngenxa yoko, embodiments kukho umthamo omkhulu onamandla. Kwimeko, kweminye imitshini, ingakumbi sandise inani ilitha inyuswe kakhulu.

camber

Le parameter efanelekileyo kuphela iinjini layout ezimile V-. Ibhekisela ekujikeni phakathi kweenxweme njengesilinda. Kuba uninzi iinjini oko ° 90. Ukuxhaphaka eli lungiselelo cylinder ngenxa yokuba luvumela ukuba bafikelele kwinqanaba elisezantsi lokungcangcazela kunye ucinezelo kangangoko umxube kwaye udale i injini ephantsi ububanzi. Umphumela omuhle yokugqibela kwi controllability, njengeyunithi amandla kunciphisa iziko womxhuzulane.

iinjini abaliqela azixhaphakanga kunye engile ka-60º. iinjini ngokuphawulekayo ezincinane kunye nokuba imo yekona ubuncinane. Oku kunciphisa Ububanzi injini, Noko ke, xa embodiments ezinjalo, ukungcangcazela kunzima ukucima.

Kukho Motors nge angle eyandisiweyo ye iziqulathi (180º). Oko kukuthi, zicwangciswe iisilinda babo tyaba, yaye Pistons kusebenzela omnye komnye. Noko ke, Iimoto abanjalo ngokuba ezimilise V-, kwaye bamchasa kwaye zibonakaliswe ngeleta B.Oni ukunika iziko eliphantsi kakhulu womxhuzulane, ukuze injini ezinjalo efakiweyo imodeli ikakhulu kwezemidlalo. Noko ke, zahluke kwindawo ububanzi enkulu, ngoko ke injini manqindi zinqabile ngenxa ukuntsonkotha ukubekwa.

lokungcangcazela

Ezi izenzakalo nayiphi na imeko kuvela xa usebenzisa injini piston. Noko ke, abayili zama ukunciphisa kubo, ekubeni zingakuchaphazeli intuthuzelo, kodwa namaqondo ezigqithisileyo kungakhokelela kumonakalo nentshabalalo injini.

Kwimisebenzi yayo imikhosi zodidi kunye mathuba. Ukunciphisa intlokoma eziyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa kubo. Esinye isisombululo oku ukuyila injini ukuze umzuzwana amabutho imiyalelo ngokulinganayo ezahlukeneyo. Kwelinye icala, kufuneka ulungise kancinane kuphela crankshaft. Ngoko ke, ungakwazi ukutshintsha indawo Ezincwadini zakhe uze uyifake ilinganisa okanye sebenzisa counter-eseleyo.

ayemi

Okokuqala, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba phakathi injini eqhelekileyo ukulungelelana iindidi ezimbini kuphela - umqolo kunye ephikisana, i-nesilinda ezintandathu. Motors ezinye izilungiselelo ayashiyana isalathisi.

Njengoko ngokuba V8, ukuba kakuhle kakhulu elungeleleneyo, ingakumbi wobeko kunye engile ilungelo iisilinda yaye zicwangciswe iinqwelomoya nkqo cranks. Ukongeza, kunikwa ngobuqhophololo bakwazi ukunika alternation uniform loqhambuko. Iimoto abanjalo mzuzu ezimbini kuphela engalungelelananga esidleleni iisilinda langaphandle leyo mababuyekezwe ngokupheleleyo counterweights mabini crankshaft.

buhle

V-iinjini ezahlukeneyo ukusuka iinjini ukucwangcisa umqolo le torque ophezulu. Oku kunegalelo V8 yesekethe motor. Ngokungafaniyo injini esemgceni, apho ulwalathiso imikhosi nkqo ngqo, kulo injini, benza ngokuvisisana nomphini kumacala omabini ilayini ezibambanayo kodwa azikweli. Oku kwenza inertia lukhulu, enika unikezelo enamandla shaft.

Ukongeza, le crankshaft V8 ibe ngqongqo kakhulu. Oko kukuthi, i element yomelele, zihlala ixesha elide kakhulu yaye ngenxa yoko ngempumelelo xa esebenza iimeko silinganiso. Kwaye usinika uluhlu ezitsho yokusebenza ye motor kwaye ivumela ukuba kuzuze amandla ngokukhawuleza.

Ekugqibeleni, V ezimilise iinjini compact ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa emgceni. Kwaye bona nje kuphela mfutshane, kodwa ngaphantsi koko zibonwa ifoto injini V8.

ukushiyeka

Iinjini phantsi ingqalelo zahluke ubeko isakhiwo entsonkothileyo, nto leyo ekhokelela iindleko eziphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, kunye nobude elincinane ngokwentelekiso nobude ukuba mikhulu. Kwakhona ubunzima injini V8 enkulu (150 ukuya 200 kg), nto leyo eyenza iingxaki kunye nokwabiwa ubunzima. Ngoko ke, ukuba abayi kubekwa phezu iimoto ezincinci. Ukongeza, ezi iinjini kufuneka lokungcangcazela elikhulu yaye kunzima balancing. Ekugqibeleni, ukuba imali eninzi ukuze isebenze. Okokuqala, kungenxa yokuba injini V8, ifowuni inzima kakhulu. Ngapha koko, ukuba kukho inani elikhulu ungamalungu. Ngoko V8 ukulungisa injini entsonkothileyo yaye kubize. Okwesibini, ezifana Motors luphawulwa ukusetyenziswa aphezulu amafutha.

nophuhliso lwale mihla

Kuphuhliso zonke iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi iye notyekelo kutshanje ukwandisa ukusebenza, ukwanela. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokunciphisa scope nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezifana isitofu ngqo amafutha, turbocharging, variable valve ixesha, njalo njalo. D. Oku kukhokelele kwinto yokuba injini ezinkulu, kuquka V8 ebegqwese ukulahlekelwa ukuthandwa. Mnogolitrovye Motors ngoku indawo injini turbocharged volume ezincinane. Oku ingakumbi abachaphazelekayo iinguqulelo V12 kunye V10, nto leyo ithathwa V8 supercharged, nabokugqibela - phezu V6. Leyo ke imali avareji yeemowutha lifinyele, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokwanda ngempumelelo, nto leyo umthamo sisalathisi ilitha.
Noko ke, ezemidlalo kunye iimoto zodidi zisasebenzisa powertrains mnogolitrovye enamandla. Kunye nokusebenza kwabo kananjalo yandiswe ngokubonakalayo xa kuthelekiswa ne elidlulileyo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bale mihla.

amathuba

Nangona amathuba endaweni injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi kunye injini zombane kunye nezinye imvelo, solo andilahlekwanga ukufaneleka kwabo. Le embodiments ezithile ezimile V-zithathwa ethembisa kakhulu. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nabayili baye iindlela zokuqwalasela iintsilelo zabo. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yabo, isakhono iiyunithi yamandla akazityhilanga ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ke yokuphuculwa nje.