Bastille

Rhoqo ngonyaka ngoJulayi 14 isiFrentshi ezinokubhiyozela ngazo uSuku Bastille. Itheko esikhethekileyo kakhulu kwaye kunokuba ezingalindelekanga. Ojamelana noko elidityaniswe, ufuna imbali encinane.

A inqaba ezinamandla kunye neendonga eziphakamileyo neenqaba ezisibhozo, i Bastille yayakhiwe kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-10, 1370-1381 gg. Kwaye phantse ukususela ekuqaleni inqaba waba entolongweni. Okokuqala, linemali kwanabenzi bobubi abo kakhulu eziyingozi, ekuhambeni kwexesha kwabakho entolongweni yezopolitiko. Ke kaloku XVIII ngenkulungwane enye ababanjwa balo watyelela ngabantu abaninzi abadumileyo, kuquka abaninzi amabini amaxesha kwaphethwa uVoltaire, sobulumko elikhulu ixesha, kwakunye Count of Cagliostro, Mam de Lamotte, i Marquis de Sade, Nikolya Fuke, njl Uluhlu eziqhubekayo, kodwa injongo lexi ayikho kulo.

Evalelwe entolongweni kwi imithi ngalo ukumkani, singagwetywanga, ngoko ukuthetha. Kunye nemiyalelo Bastille baba ngqongqo kakhulu kuyo nayiphi na enye entolongweni. Kuyinto Kungokwemvelo ukuba le nqaba enxulumene baseParis, yaye inxalenye despotism French yezopolitiko kunye nguzwilakhe. Kwaye oku, kunye nento yokuba kwigumbi elingaphantsi yaseYiputa bezigcinwe iimbumbulu, wenza ngokuthabatha Bastille yi phantse kunqandwa.

Umoya olululo kubantu ka1789, lakhula ngokukhawuleza. Ngeminyaka yoo-Julayi waloo nyaka lifa feudal States-Jikelele, ebizwe ngoMeyi kunyaka omnye, ngokuzenzekelayo similise arhente non-lifa, nto leyo livela njengoko owayephethe intando yabantu kwaye loo isiseko ibango ubukhulu. Emva kwalo eNdibano yesiZwe, neerhuluneli wadala i "yesithathu-class", wathi ngokwayo i-National Assembly neqela.

Ukuze ukucinezela revolution iqala ukuya eParis, elingatsalanga umkhosi mercenaries amazwe imali engaphezu kwama-20 000. Ngoko ke kokuchithakala enye abalungiseleli ethandwa uhlanga, oko kukuthi uJacques Neckar. Yena indawo yi Baron Breteuil. Le ndaba banomona abemi Paris, Owaloyikayo ngokoyiswa yoWiso-mthetho yeSizwe, kuba iphini loo mathemba. Nganye kwezi ziganeko ngokuthe ngcembe ukwanda umsindo abantu baze ngaloo ndlela okulingana ngokuthabatha Bastille.

Abalweli baqala ukubiza abantu ukuba bavukele, eyona adumileyo baniqunga yaba Kamil Demulen. Ngenxa yoko, e-Paris ngoJulayi 13, udlame ukuqala ngokukhethekileyo ukuba limisiwe Abbey of Saint-Lazare. Ukuze ube ngqo, ukutya kwakhe. Paris Master Zhak De Flessell wafuna ukumisa zaqalwa waza wadala athathwe umzi, olu sapho lwaluquka abantu malunga 48 amawaka. Kodwa akazange Ingalo amapolisa.

Kwaye ngoko kwakukho ngokuthabatha Bastille. Julayi 14 ihlokondiba abaxhobileyo Paris, uniko manani, abantu abamalunga nama-50 000, baphanga armories e Invalides (eli lizwi eFransi, ngoko ngokuba amagqala badla umhlala). Ngoko, xa ezandleni abo bavukeli 40 000 imipu. Kwinto elandelayo hambo lwabo yaba Bastille, ngokuba zewayini zalo, njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, igcinwe wompu kunye iimbumbulu.

By the Marquis de Launay abavukeli Ukunikezwa uyalelwe ukuba akhuphe iimbumbulu ukuxhobisa yamapolisa kamasipala. De Launay wafumana igqiza lama kakhulu, kodwa wala ukunika lo emthethweni. Omnye emva komnye, thimba kusala ungenanto.

Ngelo xesha, bonke abantu abahlala kuloo ndawo. Kulo mzekelo, ikampu Bastille yayiquka ngabantu 114 kuphela, ngaye 32 Swiss Guard kunye 82 abaseleyo - abakhubazekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, le imipu-13 ifakiwe kwi ezindongeni inqaba. Embindini imini, oko kukuthi, ngecala emva kwentsimbi enye yezi sekhe ngomlilo phezu isihlwele ndawonye kufuphi inqaba wavuleka. Isiphumo sale senzo ukufa kwabantu 89 no 73 balimala. Emva koko, i-Marquis wathumela abathunywa eziliqela, yaye ngoko wabagxotha kuyo elivulekayo zifakwe kwiNdlu ngemipu abakhubazekileyo.

Ebona oku kukubonakalisa amandla kunye neenjongo, de Launay nto wayeyinqwenela ukusekelwa ukusuka Versailles kwaye ngoko bagqiba ukuqhushumba inqaba. Ukuze wenze oku, wehla waya kwigumbi elingaphantsi, apho agcinwe wompu kunye nomsonto elikhanyayo. Noko ke, ukuze uqonde icebo lakhe akanikwanga. Kukhoyo ikampu Bastille wabiza ibhunga yemfazwe, leyo phantse ngamxhelo wavota ngokuthanda tshintsho.

Xa kutshintshiselwano idinga ukusindisa ubomi abavikeli inqaba, i Bastille abo ipasisiwe iiyure 17. Yaphela ke aphume le Bastille. Phantse zonke abavikeli inqaba, kwakunye Master of de Flessell babulawa isihlwele. Esi siganeko uloyiso yokuqala revolution ethandwayo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ngokuthabatha Bastille wayengenguye uloyiso olukhulu, kunjalo adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwimbali France. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo mcimbi liye laba uphawu uloyiso engaphephekiyo phezu despotism.

Ukuqala kunye Day Bastille 1880 ibhiyozelwa iholide kazwelonke.