Basil 3: nkqubo basekhaya ngamafuphi angaphandle kunye

I-Grand Duke Moskovskiy Vasily III ulawula kule minyaka 1505-1533. ixesha lakhe ixesha yokuqhubeka azenzileyo uyise Ivan III. Prince united emazweni Russian malunga eMoscow walwa iintshaba lwangaphandle.

ukulandelana

Vasiliy Ryurikovich wazalwa ngo-1479 usapho i-Grand iNkosana Moscow John III. Yena unyana wesibini, kwaye ngoko ke abazange bazenze itrone emva kokufa otsta kwakhe. Noko ke, umkhuluwa wakhe, uYohane, wafa ubudala kabuhlungu abatsha-32 ukusuka esinganyangekiyo. Waba iinyawo ngokugula (mhlawumbi sifo), nto leyo eye yabangela intlungu ezoyikekayo. UYise wabhala evela kugqirha Venice yakhe edumileyo, owathi, noko ke, akazange akwazi ukoyisa sifo (kamva wabulawa ngenxa yale ukusilela). Indlalifa abafa washiya unyana nguDmitry.

Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni kubekho impikiswano dynastic. Kwelinye icala, nguDmitry unelungelo kulawula unyana yindlalifa oswelekileyo. Kodwa Duke eGrand oonyana abancinane uyaphila. John III athambekele kudlula itrone umzukulu wakhe. Waze wahlela umsitho womtshato nasebukumkanini bakhe (ukuba isiko lokuqala hlobo Russia). Noko ke, nguDmitry atyeka kamsinya ubabalwe uyisemkhulu wakhe. Kukholelwa ukuba isizathu sokuba oku licebo umfazi wesibini kaYohane (kunye unina Basil) Sofii Paleolog. Yena waye oyinzalelwane Byzantium (eConstantinople ngalo eli xesha sele bewile phantsi yengcinezelo Turks). Umfazi wayefuna amandla ugqunywe unyana wakhe. Ngoko ke iingangamsha bakhe abanyanisekileyo baqalisa ukweyisela uYohane ukutshintsha ingqondo yakhe. ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe wavuma, nguDmitry wala ilungelo lakhe etroneni, wamwisela umthetho Basil kuba Duke Grand. Umzukulu entolongweni, yaye kungekudala wafela apho, ngokufutshane wasinda utatomkhulu wakhe.

Le ukulwa izinduna

Great Prince Basil 3, imigaqo-nkqubo angaphandle kunye zasekhaya ezibe phambili izenzo kayise, weza etroneni ngo 1505, emva kokufa kaYohane III.

Enye siseko engundoqo ngookumkani ezimbini ingcamango yokuba lobuzwilakhe ngokupheleleyo. Oko kukuthi, i-Duke Grand wazama ingqalelo amandla ezandleni kumkani kuphela. Waba bangi eziliqela.

Okokuqala - ezinye iinkosana ezithile Rurik ubukhosi. Ke sithetha ngabo aba ummeli ngqo ikhaya eMoscow. Yombhodamo yokugqibela enkulu eRashiya sele iqalile ngenxa iimbambano malunga igunya phezu oomalume nabatshana, ababezalwa nguDmitry Donskoy.

Vasily waba bazalwana abane abancinane. KaYuri waba Dmitrov, nguDmitry - Uglich, Simon - ukulungela ukusebenza, uAndreya - Staritsa. Noko ke, baba kuphela iirhuluneli wesiqhelo kunye baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo eMoscow prince. Ngeli xesha Rurik zange benze impazamo esenziwa kwinkulungwane XII, xa urhulumente liwa, ikomkhulu yayo Kiev.

Boyar aphikisayo

Enye usongo i-Grand Duke baba izidwangube ezininzi. Abanye babo, ngasendleleni, kwakukho inzala ezikude Rurik (ezifana Shuiskys). Basil 3, umgaqo angaphandle kunye wasemakhitshini subordinated ukuba ingcamango imfuneko yokulwa zonke izisongelo kwabasemagunyeni, inkcaso zicinezelwa kwi ingcambu yawo.

Loo nxi, umzekelo, silindele Vasiliya Ivanovicha Shuyskogo. Le igosa lakomkhulu ke kurhanelwa kwi imbalelwano nesikhulu Lithuanian. Kungekudala ngaphambi koko, Basil wakwazi ukwenza izixeko ezininzi zamandulo Russian. IRhuluneli omnye wabo baza baqalisa Shuya. Emva nokuceba kwakhe ekuthiwa yaziwa kumthetheli, uNdikhoyo ngehlazo wavalelwa entolongweni, apho wafela ngo 1529. Olo umzabalazo esingenalusini nxamnye nazo zonke izenzo ngokunganyaniseki yaba esiyintsika yale nkqubo yokuhlanganisa kumazwe Russian ngeenxa eMoscow.

Enye siganeko efanayo kwenzeka Ivan Beklemishev ngelika Bersen. Le ngonozakuzaku Wakugxeka ngokuphandle Duke Grand ngenxa yobuqhokolo bakhe, kuquka ukuzinikela lonke lesiGrike (oku kuye kuba yinto eqhelekileyo ngenxa unina Prince Sofii Paleolog). Beklemisheva abulawe.

iimbambano ibandla

lempilo ibandla ndaba ingqalelo i-Grand Duke. Kwakufuneka inkxaso iinkokeli zonqulo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni ababezenzele yona. Le manyano enkonzweni karhulumente kwakujongwa oqhelekileyo ngexesha Russia (ngasendleleni, igama elithi "Russia" waqalisa ukusetyenziswa phantsi Ivan III).

Ngeli xesha, kwabakho imbambano phakathi Josephites and non-labo. Ezi iintshukumo ezimbini ibandla-kwezopolitiko (ikakhulu yoonongendi) yaba ephikisanayo imibuzo yonqulo. umzabalazo wabo wawo ayikwazanga kugqitha irhuluneli. Non-abanikazi bafuna wokuhlaziya, kuquka ukupheliswa yoonongendi landowning, ngoxa Josephites kwakukho abo babebambelele. Xa iqela lokugqibela wajika Vasily III. nkqubo basekhaya angaphandle ziyahambelana izimvo Prince Josephites. Ngenxa yoko, inkcaso icawa zinganakwa. Phakathi abameli balo ezifana ubuso indumasi Maksim grek kunye Vassian Patrickeyev.

Ubunye emazweni Russian

Great Prince Basil 3, imigaqo-nkqubo angaphandle kunye zasekhaya leyo sobufundisi ngokusondeleyo, waya eMoscow uxhume eseleyo ulawulo ezimeleyo Russian.

Pskov Republic nkqu ebudeni bolawulo kaYohane III waba ingumbuso kummelwane wayo esemazantsi. Ngowe-1509, isixeko bayihlanganisela yamatyala, apho abahlali wayengathandi kulawulo Basil. Ufike e Novgorod ukuxoxa ungquzulwano. Ngenxa yoko, i-Chamber yayinyuka kwaye ziqhotyoshelwe apha kule fiefdom Pskov eMoscow.

Nangona kunjalo, isigqibo ezinjalo zingabanga isiyaluyalu kwisixeko inkululeko-onothando. Ukwenzela ukuphepha "ukubila ubuchopho", le basebukhosini zinamandla nolungileyo Pskov wafuduselwa kwikomkhulu, yaye indawo yazo wathathwa abaqeshwa eMoscow. Le ndlela ephumelelayo iye yasetyenziswa yi uYohane xa ujoyina Novgorod.

Ryazan Prince Ivan ngo-1517 wazama enza umfela ndawonye iCrimea khan. umsindo eMoscow kaThixo umsindo. Prince entolongweni, yaye Ryazan yaba yinxalenye karhulumente united Russian. Ngaphakathi nangaphandle Politika Vasiliya 3 ngokufanayo nangempumelelo.

Ungqubano Lithuania

Imfazwe kunye nabamelwane zayo - yenye ingongoma ebalulekileyo, leyo wamahlula wobukumkani Basil 3. yasekhaya kunye nomgaqo angaphandle of Prince ayikwazanga negalelo kwiimpixano impangele kunye namanye amazwe.

Grand Duchy of Lithuania elinye iziko Russian yaye waqhubeka ibango indawo ephambili kule ngingqi. Kuyinto njengehlakani Poland. Kwinkonzo ye-Lithuanian Grand Duke waba izinduna ezininzi Russian Orthodox kunye izinduna.

Eyona ithambo abaxabana phakathi kwamagunya amabini waqala ESmolensk. Esi sixeko samandulo kwinkulungwane XIV, yaba yinxalenye Lithuania. Basil wayefuna ukubuyela ku eMoscow. Ngenxa yoko, kwakukho iimfazwe ezimbini (ngo-1507-1508 kunye 1512-1522 gg.) Xa wobukumkani bakhe. Ngenxa yoko, ESmolensk wabuyayo eRashiya.

bamelene ezininzi Vasily 3. lwangaphandle kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo zangaphakathi (itheyibhile - ifomathi olukhulu umfanekiso olubonakalayo oko siye sathi) umthetheli, njengoko senditshilo, i nokuqhubekeka ubhalo yezenzo Ivan 3 iye athathiweyo ukukhuthaza iimfuno zeCawa Orthodox kunye lonke karhulumente. Ezi zinto zilandelayo iya kuthetha ntoni konke oko wathulula.

Imfazwe ne iCrimea nangezinto

Impumelelo akhatshwa ukuya ngamanyathelo athathiweyo Vasily 3. Foreign kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo yasekhaya (itheyibhile kuthwa ibonisa ngokucacileyo oku) ngundoqo kuphuhliso nokwandiswa eli lizwe. Enye imbangela Wayekhathazwa i iCrimea nangezinto. Bayithatha ngaphandle behlasela ngokuphindaphindiweyo eRashiya yaye ngokufuthi Wangena umfelandawonye nenkosi Polish. Ekubeni oku azisayi kunyanyezelwa Vasily 3. yasekhaya kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo yangaphandle (isishwankathelo le ntetho akunakwenzeka ukuba uphumelele) ukuze ube nenjongo echazwe kakuhle - ukukhusela umhlaba ukusuka ayehlasela ubulawuli. Ukulungiselela le njongo yokusebenza kunokuba iyinqaba iye yaziswa. Kwi inkonzo samenywa AmaTatar zeentsapho amanene, ukuba ibanike ngamafa. Prince Friendly Kwabekwa kwiimo ezikude. Wazama ukuba uphuhliso lorhwebo kunye namandla yaseYurophu. Cinga ngokungenisa le manyano (nxamnye Turkey) kunye Pope.

iingxaki zosapho

Njengoko kunjalo kunye nawuphi na umlawuli, kubalulekile kakhulu ukuba umntu atshate Basil 3. Foreign kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo lwasemakhaya iindawo ezibalulekileyo msebenzi, kodwa ke ubukho ezihlangwini uhlobo kwakuxhomekeke bayahlelwa elizayo karhulumente. Umtshato wokuqala isekhona indlalifa ukuya Grand Duchy yasekwa nguyise. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, wafika eMoscow ngo-1500 oomolokazana evela kwilizwe liphela. Le umfazi Prince Solomon Saburova intsapho encinane boyar. Yayilixesha ngqa ukuba umlawuli Russian odityanisiweyo amaqhina umtshato ummeli lobukhosi olawulayo, yaye intombazana evela izangqa ingenalo novelwano.

Nakuba kunjalo, iyunithi usapho aluphumelelanga. Solomonia wayeludlolo kwaye akakwazi ukukhawula umntwana. Ngoko ke, Vasily III ngo-1525, umtshato naye. Noko ke, abanye abameli eCawa phantsi kuye ugxekwa, njengoko ngokusesikweni akanalungelo isenzo esinjalo.

Sele kunyaka olandelayo Basil watshata Elena Glinsky. Lo umtshato emva kwexesha wamnika oonyana ababini - Yohane and George. Emva kokufa Grand Duke uSister sabhengezwa yindlalifa. UYohane ke iminyaka emi-3, ngoko endaweni imithetho Regency Council, nto leyo ebangele ukuba kwiingxwabangxwaba eziliqela enkundleni. Kwakhona ethandwayo ingcamango yokuba iingxaki Boyar ubungqina ebuntwaneni wabonakala kid waphanga ubuntu bakhe. Kamva, sele waqola uIvan abangcangcazelisi waba uzwilakhe ze ilahle indlela engathandekiyo esondele iindlela ezininzi ukhohlakele.

Grand Prince Ukufa

Basil wafa ngo-1533. Ebudeni benye uhambo lwakhe, yena wazifumana ithumba encinane ethangeni ngasekhohlo. It festered bamrholela eziyityhefu igazi. Xa isigama mihla, sinako sicinge ukuba umhlaza. On lokufa, luKhuphiswano lweTshawe neTshawekazi Grand wathatha schema.