Apho iingwamza bahlala ihlobo nobusika?

Iingwamza, siyayazi kwa ebuntwaneni. Ezi iintaka anelisekile iindlwane zazo kwiipali kunye uphahla nezindlu zethu. Bathi ukuba nengwamza niqinile, ke ngoko, ulonwabo wangena usapho. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto aba umdak nobumbejembeje inemilenze kunye dlinnoklyuvyh akukho mntu esona. Baphendula bathi Musani ukuboyika abantu.

Kodwa enyanisweni, ubomi iingwamza akuyona elula njengoko kubonakala. Phakathi kwawo kukho abo uvale kuye, musa ukuvumela nabani na ukuhlala kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Ezi Ngokuqinisekileyo happy ukulinda. Kwaye kwintsapho ezahlukeneyo iingwamza kufuneka zibhabhayo umona ngonyaka behamba amawaka eekhilomitha, kukho sekhaya ababambelela kumakhaya abo, Andiyi kubagqogqa. Apho iingwamza bahlala ehlotyeni nasebusika, bobabini ukhangela iqabane, indlela yokufundisa abantwana babo, yaye kwakunjalo ukuba bazise ulonwabo? Makhe uphando.

Zeziphi iingwamza

Bambalwa abantu abazange babone emhlophe esincinane iintaka abamnyama kunye nemilenze emide ebomvu umlomo elide elibomvu. Ezinye abanini bebazisa loo manani ezenziwe zokwenziwa bahombise iigadi zabo, ngisho nokwakha iindlwane neyenziweyo nezibonda kwaye ibekwe amanani apho. Ezi iintaka ngokuba ezinjengengwamza. Ngokutsho iinkolelo iintsomi, ukuba ayizise endlwini eninzi elungileyo - abantwana, amathamsanqa, imali, ulonwabo. Apha baza bahlala nabantu abo kwiindawo zabo, ukuba abafileyo, ngoko ke livulwe ubuncinane. Ubomi weNgwamza kwindalo unzima kwaye unika umdla.

Abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba ixesha elide emi ngeenyawo enye, zikhangela amaxhoba, bafika entwasahlobo nasekwindla impukane, ukuba nenza okubi. Ngaba uyazi ukuba zingaphi iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezinjengengwamza ehlabathini? Ngokutsho yokuhlela eqhelekileyo ukuba iintlobo nje ezintathu:

1. MYCTERIA (bona kancinane kufana ezinjengookhwalimanzi).
2. stork Openbill (zazinjalo kancinane ngomlomo isiqingatha-ivuliwe).
3. Eneneni iingwamza.

uhlanga ngamnye izimvo zalo. Ngoko ke, Sebastes mentella zezi:

• US;
• ndiyingwevu;
• Afrika;
• Indian.

Razin zezi:

• Afrika;
• Indian.

Kwaye ujonge amagama ngasentla, nabani na ukuphendula, apho iingwamza zezi ntlobo ubomi. Kodwa enye picture eziliqela uyiqhelile ngakumbi kuthi nje iingwamza. Kulo uhlanga iintaka:

• omnyama;
• ezimhlophe;
• chernoklyuvymi;
• belosheynymi;
• ezimhlophe-bellied;
• US;
• Malay.

kuyo yabiru kunye marabou - Kukho ezinye iintlobo ezimbini zeentaka, ezifana iingwamza kunye besive nengwamza entsatsheni.

Makhe sijonge ezinye iintlobo ezininzi.

iingwamza ezimhlophe

Ezi iintaka ezifanayo, Imifanekiso ke leyo kangaka wayethanda ngokuhlala kwizitiya zabo phezu imibhobho abanye abanikazi. Life of iingwamza ezimhlophe, zibonakala kakuhle ngaye, ngenxa yokuba usoloko emehlweni eArabha, akukho Andizoyiki izigidi zabantu. Iinkunzi ezi ntaka akhule ukuya ku-125 cm ubude kwaye ukuzuza ukuya ku-4 kg. Ngaloo imihlaba samaphiko azo ungaba kuze kangangeemitha ezi-2. Body of iingwamza ezimhlophe (entloko, esifubeni, isisu, namaphiko), emhlophe, kuphela esithinzini iintsiba umsila neencam amnyama ngamaphiko. Ngamathupha azo angamarhoqorhoqo, elide, kwayingqombela, umbala, umlomo, zingcakacile kakhulu elide, ngokufuthi obomvu oqaqambileyo. Elichaza nengwamza samochki emhlophe ncam, ubukhulu bayo kuphela kancinci elingene ngakumbi.

Indawo apho ezinjengengwamza live amhlophe - ibhalwe amadlelo kunye nezimbuku. Ukutya bona bakhonza naziphi na izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, iinyoka (ubukhulu becala, amarhamba ndyoka), worms imvula, amabhungane. Musa eya ukuba thina bamthiya Medvedkov, iimpuku kunye neempuku, leyo bayadla, ngokwenene ukuzisa ulonwabo endlwini. ezinjengengwamza abadala musa ukunikezela, Kowolunye abamenzelayo gophers leverets amancinci.

Kunika umdla ukubona indlela iintaka uzingela. Ke kancinane, ngokungathi isiqingatha ukuhamba abalele ukufa ngaye engcotyeni okanye nomgxobhozo, maxa wambi engumkhenkce kuloo ndawo, ngokungathi ngokucamngca. Kodwa amehlo abo aya kuwa ixhoba, iingwamza beza ebomini nangoko yaye ngokukhawuleza ubambe ixhoba labo.

Ezi iintaka ukwakha amakhaya, njengoko bathi, kangangeenkulungwane, yaye ungaze uvumele ngayo ziyaguquka. Ityala xa omnye indlwane sele ekho phantse 400 iminyaka! Kakade ke, lonke eli xesha, oko wathabatha omnye kunye nengwamza efanayo. Kubude ezi ntaka yobomi malunga neminyaka engama-20, ukuze iinkulungwane ezine utshintsho kwezizukulwana akwanelanga. Kodwa "caba" ngamasetyana ezomileyo kunye nengca ahlala abameli usapho olunye. Oko kukuthi ukusuka uyise wegqitha unyana wakhe, njalo njalo.

Kodwa ke intliziyo ukuthembeka kwezi ntaka akuthethi kuthi kakhulu. Bathi ukudala intsapho eyomeleleyo, kodwa kuphela ngexesha elinye. Inkunzi efika kuqala yokuhlala wakhe othandekayo, asilungise, ukuba kuyimfuneko, kwaye uhlala phantsi ukuba alinde ngenxa okhethiweyo. Kunokuba nayiphi nemazi, podletevshaya wayohlala afaneleke kuqala. Alahle umva golovonku yakhe, abangaswele kuthobela mntu phantse usibeka emqolo, ivula ngomlomo wakhe waza waqalisa ukuba apapashe, zingahlokomi nje ngovuyo. Ukuba ngesiquphe le ndlela nqanaba indlwane elinye Olwa kuba intliziyo kunye nendawo eziphilileyo, owokuqala iqala ukuba ingasonjululwa, kwaye inkunzi bandla elinde ukuba ngubani ukuwina.

Kuphela ixesha kubonisa - ukuba ngequbuliso omnye eyindoda, ngubani na ofuna ukwakha indlu yakho, Pozar kwipropati yakhe. Ke umnini kwindlwane kwakhona uphosa umva intloko yakhe aze aqalise klatsat ngomlomo, kodwa akukho elide ngovuyo, lisibekele. Ukuba isela akaqondi ukuba usingiselo, umnini kwezisekelo inokufika yaye ibuhlungu ngomlomo.

Kaloku, lo mbuzo eyahlawulwa izindlu, kunye nalowo onyuliweyo, kakhulu. Umakoti nomkhwenyana uhlale yentaka, bobabini kuphosa umva intloko yakhe emva uqale benemihlali, kunye eqhaqhazela yaye ngothantamiso ibetha omnye kunye nemilomo zabo.

buphindwe

Ezi iintaka bakhetha ngokwabo, kwiindawo ezininzi eYurophu, kuquka kumazantsi eSwitzerland, ummandla iLeningrad, phantse yonke indawo Ukraine, yaye Belarus ezinjengengwamza kakhulu kangangokuba ngokuba isimboli ezinamaphiko lizwe. Ngomhla umbuzo apho ezinjengengwamza kuhlala eRashiya, impendulo kukuba amalungu iintlobo omhlophe zingafunyanwa kuphela kwi kwinxalenye esentshona kuyo, ukususela kumda kunye Ukraine ukuya Orel, ukulungela ukusebenza, ESmolensk, Pskov kunye yaseTver. A labemi eyahlukileyo anayo eCaucasus and Uzbekistan. Kwinxalenye yaseYurophu ezinjengengwamza ababevela kungqameko akumazantsi Matshi-Epreli.

Ukukhetha ipere, baqala uhlobo lolwandiso. Kuqhume ngononophelo amadlavu yentaka, nephepha, iintsiba kunye uboya, a izala iqanda yetreyi yokuqala kwaoko uyaqhubeka hatching. Kamva yena ujikele kancinane ningongezi amasende engengowamazibulo, noko nje 3-5 lume emhlophe.

Oku waphawula ukuba indawo apho zihlala ezinjengengwamza, kufuneka ube amandla elungileyo. Emakhaya, apho ndikwakhele indlu, ukuba ibe akukho enyundululu kunye nokuxhatshazwa, nemfazwe ngakumbi.

UMama noTata ukuba ayafukanywa amaqanda ngexesha malunga-33 iintsuku. Amantshontsho sizalwa ngokulinganayo nje amaqanda. Ziye ke wazalwa nabanorhatyazo kodwa bengenamsebenzi ngokupheleleyo. Ekuqaleni unako ukuyivula nemilomo, apho abazali babeka ziimpethu babo imvula ndibanike asele amanzi kuphela. Kodwa emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa ulutsha ngokwalo uyakwazi qokelela ndalahlelwa ziimpethu umzali nkqu ndiphoswe phezu kubhabho.

Umama kunye notata igcinwe iwotshi elibukhali umsebenzi wembewu yabo. Songqamano ke, ngelishwa, ukunika ithuba lokuba ukuzinakekela, ukuzityhala ngaphandle indlwane emhlabeni. Amantshontsho eseleyo ngokukhawuleza bafumane amandla, kodwa zixhomekeke ngokupheleleyo iintsuku 55. Ngosuku olulandelayo baqala ukuhamba indlwane kwaye bafunde ukubamba ukutya kwabo. Abazali ndiwalusele imihla-18. Ngokuhlwa, ulutsha wabuyela ekhaya yokulala kusasa kwakhona ukuya esikolweni.

kwenye indlela

Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza apho iingwamza bahlala ebusika, yaye kutheni zibhabha. Umbuzo wesibini kulula ukuphendula - kunye kuqala ubusika ukutya kwabo inyamalala. Umbuzo wokuqala impendulo kumba ngakumbi. Ngosuku 70 yobomi yayo intaka amantshontsho abo iingwamza abaselula sizihlanganise kwiinkampani ezinkulu, kwaye ukusukela kwimihla yokugqibela zasehlotyeni ngaphandle kwabazali iphekhi kuthunyelwa ngezantsi.

Njani na ukuba afumane indlela eya kunanini apho, izazinzulu nangoku bexambulisana, kodwa ingcamango esisiseko iyafakwa imfuza i ithuku kweentaka. Kukholelwa ukuba sikhokelwa xi umoya, ukukhanya nobushushu. Ku waphawula ukuba kundize imizimba omkhulu wamanzi ezifana elwandle, iingwamza iphetshwe.

iintaka abadala ushiye Flats iholide ethile kwi-owuva ye-15 kaSeptemba. Okumangalisayo kukuba, oko kuvela, kuba iindlela yokufudukela kubalulekile, apho zihlala ezinjengengwamza kunye amadada kakhulu. Iintaka achitha ihlobo ngasentshonalanga iElbe, iya ku Afrika kwaye bahlale kummandla phakathi eSahara kunye kumahlathi ashinyeneyo. Ukuhlala ngasempumalanga iElbe mzila awo uSirayeli Asia Minor, wafikelela Afrika, kuphela ukuba neziphaluka zayo wasempumalanga, zifukama kumhlaba ukusuka Sudan ukuya eMzantsi Afrika. Ezinjengengwamza evela Uzbekistan kunye neendawo ezingqongileyo ukuba ubusika okwangoku musa abhabhe, aye angabamelwane India.

Kukho abemi ezinjengengwamza abahlala eMzantsi Afrika. Ezi jikelele ziya ukuthutha, aphile amavila. Musa Yayibhabha imke ebusika kunye iingwamza ukusuka eYurophu, apho ezinobusika engekho ngqwabalala, kunye nokutya ihlala isebenza kuwo wonke unyaka. Entlakohlaza baphinda bakha iphekhi ukubhabha ekhaya, kodwa abantu abatsha bayakwazi ukuhlala kumazantsi eli nyaka, ababini okanye abathathu, ngaphambi kokuba ukuvuthwa.

ezinjengengwamza abamnyama

Abameli olu hlobo wakwazi ukuba bangene Red Book of kumazwe amaninzi, kuquka eRashiya, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Moldova, yaye oku nangona yokuba iingwamza abamnyama, ngokungafaniyo emhlophe, kuze kulungiswe kufutshane ebantwini, uze ukhethe ngokwabo akude kakhulu ukuba prying indawo amehlo, maxa wambi benyuka ezintabeni ukuya kubude ngaphezu 2 km nefihlakeleyo.

Baya kwakha zakhele namawa okanye imithi emide. Baphi na nengwamza omnyama? Kwakhona eYurophu, yaye eRashiya alizalisa ukusuka kwiBaltic ukuya eMpuma Ekude. Zibhabhela ubusika eAfrika South Asia. Abantu abahlala e-Afrika, ongayi kushukuma.

Ngaphandle, ezi ntaka ezi zaziwa kakhulu. Ngobukhulu ukuba zincinane thile ngaphezu kwimizi yendlu yakowazo ezimhlophe. Inxalenye enkulu komzimba (intloko, intamo, emva, amaphiko) ezimnyama ziyaphuphuma, isisu abamhlophe kuphela, kutheni zikwenza kubonakale ngathi ezi ntaka abanxibe tuxedos ezintle.

Le izingqisho ebomini babo ziyafana iingwamza ezimhlophe, kodwa kukho umahluko omncinane. Ngenxa yoko, inkunzi ke ukulinda ukuba intombi wokuqala ofumanekayo lingenandaba, kwaye uyakumema ukuba endlwini yakhe, umsila fluffed kunye amakhwelo. Amantshontsho alo ntlobo bazalwa athalala ngakumbi kunobo iingwamza ezimhlophe, kwaye baqala ukwenyuka imilenze kuphela ngomhla we-11. Ke kwindlu yentaka oselula ichitha 55 efanayo (ubuncinane - ixesha elide) iintsuku.

Iindlela zokutya pheko kubo iingwamza ezimhlophe imalunga efanayo. Niwele iingwamza amhlophe namnyama ningekabi nakomelela, nangona ukufana ezininzi.

stork Oriental White

Kwakhona ngokuba Chinese. Phi nengwamza kunye neencwadi? Ngokuqhelekileyo, wathabatha izibiliboco wazikhethela East Far kwakunye China, South Korea ne Mongolia. ERashiya, kukho abantu 3,000 kuphela.

Ukudla nkukhu iyafana naleyo nabanye abazalwana bayo - intlanzi encinane, amabhungane, amasele, iimpuku ezincinane. Njengoko kwakunye abamnyama, Oriental White weNgwamza uncamela sikhwele ebusweni.

Ngaphandle, abameli ezi zilwanyana ifana kakhulu iingwamza ezimhlophe. Umahluko siyifumana ubukhulu ezinkulu, kodwa okona kubalulekileyo esangqeni obomvu ulusu ngeenxa amehlo kwi umbala obumnyama ngomlomo wabo, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba elinye igama iintlobo - weNgwamza chernoklyuvy. Exakayo, amantshontsho Far ngomlomo stork Mpuma zibomvu-naorenji kunye amantshontsho amhlophe - emnyama.

stork ezinoboya ilukhuni

Ukuba unomdla apho zihlala ezinjengengwamza kunye amadada, impendulo ngu - kufuphi amachibi kunye imigxobhozo - ofanele kakhulu kanye iingwamza belosheynyh kuba izitya iphambili ekutyeni zabo anyuke amasele lawo, intlanzi curl kunye kuthetha, ziyaphila yaye engaphiliyo, ndyoka amanzi kunye abanye abameli zezilo nefanele ngomlomo wayo. Umzekelo, ukuba uthe wabuyela ityala ukunqakula iimpuku ezincinane, nengwamza ezinoboya-lukhuni, nathi, musa ungaphoswa mzuzu.

Abameli beli hlobo eRashiya inokubonwa kuphela zoo kuphela. Xa endle bendinokuhlala eAfrika, Java, Borneo, Bali kunye nezinye iziqithi. stork ezinoboya ilukhuni - intaka kwixabiso le-avareji, akhule ukuya ku-90 cm leNgcaciso kuphela entanyeni kodwa emazantsi esiswini, nomsila iintsiba aphantsi .. Zonke ke wonke umzimba, kuquka umnqwazi entle entlokweni yakhe omnyama emacaleni iintsiba shimmer kamnandi. Imilenze ezi Iingwamza elide, omthubi--orenji-zifuna ukuba ngqombela, kwaye umlomo yaye akazange imibala ecacileyo, bayi- zibe nombala ongwevu, bomvu, qanda, brown.

omhlophe-bellied

Amalungu iintlobo efana kakhulu ukuya abaza abamnyama, kodwa zincinane kakhulu ubungakanani kwaye iingwamza zincinane. nhloko ikhula akukho ngaphezu kwe-73 cm ubude ubunzima iyonke ku 1 kg. ERashiya, bahlala kuphela zoo yobume kwiindawo zazo zokuhlala - South Africa, Central Afrika kunye ngohlangothi Arabia. stork ukutya Imibungu White-bellied kunye ooqongqothwane, iimpuku ndyoka musa aphula. It elihlala ikakhulu emahlathini, imithi emide.

Nengwamza-nengabangaba

Kukho iindawo ezininzi ukuze baphile ezinjengengwamza kunye amadada, kunye nezinye iinkukhu - abathandi ukuhlala kufutshane amanzi. Umzekelo, nengwamza openbill. zokuhlala wazo - Madagascar, iindawo eAfrika kunye mpuma Asia. Akukho ngqele yasebusika, kodwa nengwamza openbill kunjalo bafuduka.

Bevukayo ephikweni xa kushushu, namachibi koma, yaye ngoko, shwaka ukutya kwabo. Oko akhawunti ngabo ukuya khona, apho amanzi kusekho, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukubamba iintlanzi nezinye izilwanyana.

Razin wafumana igama layo ngenxa ubume kumlomo, soloko ezigqala a zivulekile kancinane. Enyanisweni uhlobo yonke into Bacinge waza wadala nemilomo yazo apha naphaya iimbaza esidla ezineqokobhe, intlanzi nje kunye namasele.

MYCTERIA

Amalungu kuzenza of ezinjengengwamza ngaphantsi nobumbejembeje, kodwa ezinye ubuqhitala bokoyiswa ke bana ayiniki ubukhulu (ukuba phantse bawo iingwamza ezimhlophe), kodwa kunokuba umlomo esiqinileyo. Sebastes mentella kalula omhlophe kakhulu, kodwa ke uhlobo i-Indiya ukuba ezimdaka-ongwevu, kunye nento ephakathi ezimnyama emaphikweni alo. I-US - intloko zingwevu, yaye ndiyingwevu, ngokuchasene - intloko ezimhlophe, kodwa iintsiba phezu kwamaphiko hina.

Sebastes mentella kuhlala America, Asia kunye Afrika, ukukhetha esemazantsi umgxobhozo, apho unako ukufumana okuninzi ukutya, kwaye apho kukho imithi emide ngenxa iindlwane zazo kuwo. Sebastes mentella njengoko iingwamza ezimhlophe, abangoyikiyo ukuhlala kufutshane ebantwini, badla ke enokufunyanwa emasimini ku epakini wesixeko kunye nakwiNdlela imithi okanye izibonda kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Kulo uhlanga iintaka ukunyaniseka eqhelekileyo ikhaya lakho nje kuphela, kodwa neqabane. Ngenxa yoko, nengwamza neenkuni ukuma iqabane ubomi.

Naluphi na uhlobo nengwamza ekhethekileyo. ERashiya, ukukhusela abantu abahlala kummandla wayo yeentaka wadala amaziko kwimeko yesiqhelo (kwiindawo iLeningrad, eMoscow, Ryazan, ukulungela ukusebenza, ESmolensk kunye yaseTver). Kusenokubakho afune uncedo bonke abo ukufumana ezinjengengwamza okanye amantshontsho abo ekubandezelweni kwam.