Bangladesh: Ubuninzi babantu kunye nokwakheka yobuhlanga

nokwakheka yesizwe karhulumente, leyo phakathi ezilishumi enkulu ehlabathini ngokwemigaqo ubungakanani labemi nokuxinana, kodwa ithatha kwintsimi encinane, zahlukile. Yintoni umdla ngulo: nangona uninzi abemi beRiphabliki abemi bomthonyama, urhulumente ngokubanzi amelwe iseti kwabantu yezizwe amancinci yaye umdla umlinganiselo kummandla ahlala kunye lexinene inani labantu e Bangladesh. Lexinene labemi, labemi, indawo mhlaba - ezi kunye neminye imiba echaphazela imeko yezibalo kuxoxwa ngazo lo myalezo zihlalutywe kuthathelwa ingqalelo imeko kwamanye amazwe.

Ngokufutshane malunga Bangladesh

Republic of Bangladesh - umbuso owodwa: zonke iindawo zeli lizwe e kwindawo enye kwaye akukho iwonga okanye amalungelo. Ilizwe elisakhulayo engqongwe India, ngaphandle yinxalenye nomda Myanmar ubude km 271 kunye emdeni Bay of Bengal.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Bangladesh i lilizwe agrarian-mveliso kunye nesimo soqoqosho olusakhulayo, esibonakala imfundo ebalulekileyo yobuhlanga kunye nenkcubeko, kodwa ihleli lelinye lamazwe ihluphekileyo Asia. Ngamaxesha, abantu unesifo kweentlekele zendalo ezinzulu neengxaki zentlalo: imilambo zikukufa emasimini, isomiso eside okanye izenzo kwabanqolobi.

Yenza umahluko inkcubeko abatyebileyo imo Bangladesh. Population Ukuxinana, ngasendleleni, kulo mzekelo, yenye yezona zinto formative assessments amasiko, inkolo nezithethe original lo mmandla. Ezo kuqamba ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nabantu zonqulo abasoloko benyanzeleka ukuba uhlala kwindawo encinane, ngokubalulekileyo zidibana ibe iyunithi eyodwa ekhethekileyo.

ishwar satya indawo

Ummandla imo ezikwere zeekhilomitha phantse amawaka 150. Singene inani elincinane kwindawo kwamanzi - km 6.4 kuphela ² imida yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngomhla kummandla Bangladesh luthathe 92 kwindawo th ehlabathini kwaye 27 ngo-Asia. Xa kuthelekiswa emizini Russia: ummandla karhulumente ingqinelana ukuya kummandla izixeko ezifana Belgorod, yaseTver kunye Murmansk, kunye nesiqingatha okanye Tolyatti Penza.

Ngelo xesha, abantu akavumeli ukuba bakhululeke ngokupheleleyo kubahlali kwiRiphabliki Bangladesh. Ukuxinana yabantu imizi Russian, enokuthelekiseka ubukhulu, ngokulandelelanayo, 20, 76 okanye 230 nkqu amaxesha ngaphantsi. Kakade ke, le nto ayimangalisi, kuba ilizwe zaseAsiya lexinene yesixhenxe abemi square kilometre ehlabathini.

Inani abemi kwiriphabliki

Ngokutsho inani labemi likarhulumente, inani labantu e Bangladesh ngo-2010 kancinane abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-140. Ngokuhambelana kunye yovavanyo njengoko ka-2016, ukwanda kwabantu 30 million. Ezi ngokomlinganiselo neqondo lokuzalwa kwabantu eliphezulu ngonyaka, kodwa engaphezulwana nje kancinane kune ngeprojektha labemi.

Inani labemi of Bangladesh iyamangalisa. I Republic ayikho iyathelekiswa ubungakanani ukuya Russian Federation, kodwa inani abemi Russia lingaphezulu kwabantu million 25. Ngenxa yoko, njengokuba e Bangladesh nokuphila eRashiya kwi-2% yabantu ehlabathini.

Ukusasazeka ngu kwimimandla

Bangladesh kukho umbuso owodwa (zonke iingingqi ezi kwindawo efanayo xa kuthelekiswa namanye, kunye eyinkunzi azinazo naziphi na amalungelo awodwa), kwaye yahlulwe yayimimandla ezisibhozo yolawulo - amaqela. kummandla ngamnye ebizwa isixeko esikhulu kwisakhiwo.

Area, ke, yahlulwe yaba izithili,-izithili sub kunye namasebe zamapolisa. Ngaphezu koko, eli candelo kuxhomekeke kubungakanani yokuhlala: a zebali ezimbalwa zixhomekeke yomnyango omkhulu izixeko zamapolisa, nganye equka iibhloko ematyotyombeni ezincinane - communes eziliqela.

Inkoliso yabemi Bangladesh basebenza kwezolimo (63%). Ngoko ke, abantu abahlala ezidolophini ezinkulu (iziko lolawulo yommandla kunye namadlelo ayo), liqaqobana -% 27 kuphela inani elipheleleyo abemi. Xa ikomkhulu-7% qha ababhalisiweyo bagxila. ERashiya, umlinganiselo Iwabemi eyinkunzi ukuya kwinani elipheleleyo abemi lilikhulu kancinci: 8.4%, kodwa nabemi bezixeko ezikhulu ngaphezu kwama-40%.

Thelekisa Russia kunye Bangladesh kwi ukwanda kwabantu iingqukuva inika iinkcukacha ilandelayo: phantse 5000 abantu abayi-1 km ² eMoscow nxamnye nabemi kancinane ngaphezulu kwama-23 amawaka ngo-Dhaka. Umahluko phantse ezintlanu amaxesha ayikho kukhulu njengoko inani lilonke le lizwe, kuba Ubuninzi babantu iyonke eRashiya ukuya kumaxesha 134 incinane kumaxabiso ahambelanayo le ithi Asia.

utshintsho zobuhlanga

Population Dynamics yabemi Bangladesh une imeko iyathembisa. Inani abahlali kwanda, nto leyo eqhelekileyo ukuba amazwe amaninzi asakhasayo. Ngaloo ndlela, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 bahlala abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-30, ukuqala kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, inani labemi ngaphaya kwezigidi ezingama-40 kweli lizwe, yaye ngowe-1960, ubalo esemthethweni yabemi-50 ezigidi abhaliswa.

Ukususela kwimihla Cold War kuye esibukhali ukunyuka kwenani labantu kule minyaka imashumi mane yokugqibela zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, abemi yandiswa kakhulu ngaphezulu kancinane kabini. Ngelo xesha linye ilungeniselo yendalo yabemi kwiriphabliki phezu indawo 73-th kuluhlu lulonke.

Ubuninzi babantu avareji e Bangladesh

Ukuxinana yabemi Bangladesh ngo-2016 abantu 1165 square kilometre. Isalathisi ibalwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo: labemi lilonke yohlulwe kummandla karhulumente. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, eli lizwe zeeteksi yesixhenxe ehlabathini ngokwemigaqo ukwanda kwabantu. Ngaphambi Bangladesh Maldives, Malta, Bahrain, iVatican, Singapore ne Monaco

Ngesizathu esithile, imibuzo malunga Bangladesh nengxinano yabemi (xa kuthelekiswa namanye amazwe) zifumaneka ngokufuthi iincwadi zesikolo geography Russian wesibhozo-ugrade:

1. "Uphi na lo mmandla unomthamo omkhulu owohlukeneyo yabemi, e-UK, China, Bangladesh:" Impendulo inokufumaneka ngokubhekiselela labobalawuli akufuneki. Ngenxa yoko, lexinene abemi UK ngabantu 380 kuphela square kilometre nganye, kwaye China - 143. Impendulo: Bangladesh.
2. "Thelekisa Russia kunye Bangladesh kaThixo ubuninzi babantu." Unga ukuphendula le ndlela: "Ubuninzi yabemi Russia lisezantsi kakhulu kwaye kuthetha ukuba malunga-8 abantu / km ^{2 ..} Ukuxinana yabemi Bangladesh yenye iphezulu ehlabathini -... abantu 1145 / km ^2, oko kukuthi amaxesha 143 ngaphezulu. Ukuxinana phantsi abemi Russian Federation wachaza iindawo enkulu unpopulated, aphezulu Bangladesh (nengxinano yabemi) ekuso kumazwe amaninzi asakhasayo. "

izibalo key

Ezinye izalathi zokusasaza demographic abemi ubudala, isini, inqanaba lokufunda nokubhala, ukuzalwa nokufa, kodwa izixa ezibalulekileyo eluntwini: pension kunye nezinga replacement umthwalo ngokwedemografi, ubomi.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uninzi lwabantu (61%) - abantu abasebenzayo, umlinganiselo abantu abasetyhini malunga 1: 1 ratio (ngokulandelelana 50.6% kunye 49,4%). Kweminyaka zombini ubomi nabafazi yiminyaka 69, nto leyo eyi-2 kuphela jikelele ngaphantsi.

Izinga ukuzalwa e Bangladesh lingaphezulu ukufa, ukunyuka yendalo HIV yaye 16 ‰ (okanye 1.6%). Phezu kwazo nje iingxaki zentlalo, ezoqoqosho kunye nokutya, ukhuseleko lwabantu (inombolo yokhuseleko kunye nokwakhiwa zabemi nobungozi yangaphandle nangaphakathi) e Bangladesh igcinwa kwinqanaba ngokwaneleyo.

umthwalo Social emphakathini

Bangladesh uziva umthwalo kwezentlalo kakhulu ezinzima kuluntu: Wonke umntu oqeshwe kufuneka aqinisekise imveliso amaxesha enye enesiqingatha ngaphezulu iimpahla kunye neenkonzo kufuneka yena. Le t umthwalo usana. E. Ratio kubemi esezantsi zokusebenza ubudala kubemi abadala, yi-56%. 'Ngumlingani ka Isihlabo pension (umlinganiselo kubahlali yobudala yomhlala ngabafakwa uviko) ingqinelana uninzi kumazwe asaphuhlayo kunye kwinqanaba 7.6%.

kuqamba National kunye neelwimi

Ukuxinana abantu ngo-Bangladesh ngomhla 1 km2 kakhulu eliphezulu (abantu 1145), nto leyo negalelo ukudideka kunye nokusebenzisana olwandeleyo iinkcubeko, iinkolo, kunye namaziko yobuhlanga kunye nenkcubeko. Uninzi zezi Bengalis (98%), ipesenti eliseleyo abemi abasuka North India.

Phantse bonke abahlali kakuhle in Bengali, apho ulwimi olusemthethweni. Abasuka kurhulumente Indian Bihar kubomi bemihla ngemihla usebenzisa ulwimi Urdu. Inxalenye yabantu (ingakumbi ulutsha kunye ngabemi namagosa akwizikhundla eziphezulu) yi kahle IsiNgesi.

Group amaqela amancinane eentlanga abahlala kummandla Bangladesh, kuquka nezizwe ezinkulu 13 izizwe zezizwe ezimbalwa. Mabazihlele yi ukubandakanya neelwimi:

1. I-European Indo-iilwimi: zayo Bengalis kunye Biharis ezenza isininzi kwinxalenye yesizwe Bangladesh.
2. Sino-Tibetan iilwimi: zimelwe kakuhle uhlanga Tibeto-Burman iilwimi (izizwe liphawula, Marma, amaBurma, Mizo, Chakma kunye nabanye). Xa zizonke, bona akhawunti phantse yaba sisigidi sabantu e Bangladesh, apho ezidityaniswe iimbacu 300,000 ukusuka elingummelwane IsiMyanmar (isiBurma).
3. Austria-Asia iilwimi: ezahlukeneyo amaqela zolwimi Munda (Santal, Munda, Ho) kunye Khasis. Izizwe abahlala kumaqela amancinane kwintshona Bangladesh.
4. ಪ್ರೀತಿಸುತ್ತೇನೆ ndiyakuthanda iilwimi: emantla-mpuma iqela iintsapho zolwimi amelwe omnye kuphela uhlanga - Oraon okanye Kurukh ulwimi (self). ezimqoka Ngokutsho iimpawu zolwimi Kurukh kufutshane Munda izizwe.

Ngenxa yoko, iyantlukwano yobuhlanga kunye nezenkcubeko kwiriphabliki ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Kule uluntu lebhola ekhatywayo ongazange alahlekelwe uphawu waso.

Yenkolo abemi kwiriphabliki

Ukwahluka beentlanga sisiseko umahluko ukuxhuma yonqulo zabahlali. Republic liphuhlisa ekubeni urhulumente wezwe (ubuncinane, urhulumente wenza kweli linge), kodwa Bangladesh uhlala ilizwe yonqulo de facto. Ngowe-1972 ukuyilwa lukarhulumente zonqulo wamiswa yiNkundla Ephakamileyo, leyo wabuyela uphuhliso kwiriphabliki kundoqo-siseko.

inkolo yoMbuso - Islam - wavuma phantse alithoba ekhulwini labemi. Uluntu amaSilamsi Bangladesh abantu malunga 130 yezigidi, nto leyo eli hlabathi sesine esikhulu emva Indonesia, India nasePakistan.

nabalandeli Hindu ezi 9.2% yabantu, umBhuda - 0.7%, umKristu - 0.3%. Ezinye iinkonzo kunye namahlelo kwezizwana akhawunti ye% 0.1 kuphela, kodwa unako ndoqhayisa ukungafani nanto ngenxa yenani elikhulu zezizwe abanemfundo.

iingxaki republic

Bangladesh unesifo kwiintlekele zemvelo kunye ubugrogrisi. Kwiminyaka 2005-2013 of abagrogrisi kwabulawa abemi 418 yeRiphabliki, abanqolobi kunye namagosa inkonzo mfihlakalo. Kodwa nakakhulu yimalini imeko ubuhlwempu, indlala, iimbalela, izikhukula kunye nezinye iintlekele zemvelo. Ngoko ke, yile nkanyamba kwi th 1970 wabangela ukufa kwesiqingatha sesigidi sabantu, 1974-1975 indlala kunye umkhukula bafa 1974 wathabatha ubomi babantu abazizigidi ezibini basala bengenamakhaya, izigidi zabantu bayonakalisa-80% yesivuno yonyaka.

Thelekisa Bangladesh namazwe aphuhlileyo

Bangladesh kuyinto eqhelekileyo ilizwe elisakhulayo. Oku kuqinisekisa nje kuphela elidluleyo zembali, kodwa kwakhona imeko ekhoyo zentlalo-athile kunye noqoqosho lweli lizwe.

Iimpawu ze lilizwe elisakhulayo	ishwar satya
Ikoloni elidlulileyo	Wavakalisa ukuzimela Pakistan ngo 1971, kude kube 1947, Bangladesh yaba lithanga British
nengxabano social High	Ombane kungqinwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu uxinezeleko kwezentlalo kunye nomntwana, iingxaki zentlalo
Le ukungafani ye ngesakhiwo yoluntu	Yabemi Bangladesh limelwe ezahlukeneyo amaqela eentlanga, okuye umahluko iimpawu zenkcubeko nezentlalo
ukwanda kwabantu High	Kumazwe asakhasayo luphawulwa avareji izinga lokukhula yendalo ye-2% ngonyaka ngamnye, e Bangladesh, ixabiso yi 1.6%
I ngakumbi ubukho bezinto kwicandelo lezolimo phezu industrial	Bangladesh kuba izwe kwezolimo, 63% yabantu abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo
ingeniso imali Low nganye	E Bangladesh, eli nani $ 1058 (2013), lo gama ingeniso jikelele yesizwe per capita i $ 10.553, eRashiya - 14 $ 680
kwayo le ekhulwini abantu yokusebenza of umhlalaphansi	Bangladesh uncharacteristically nokushwabana uhlanga: abantu yobudala yomhlala-phantsi,% 4 kuphela labemi zizonke, lo gama kumazwe, i-20-30%
zobuninzi	Republic ubekwa kwindawo yesixhenxe ehlabathini ngokwemigaqo nengxinano yabemi, ukuxinana, Russia, Bangladesh labantu yahluka amaxesha 143

Ngenxa yoko, Bangladesh lilizwe elisakhulayo ekuso. Ngaphezu koko, akukho lizwe bahluphekayo phakathi uphuphume. Ukuxinana yabemi Bangladesh yenye iphezulu ehlabathini, kwaye inani mkhulu ngakumbi eRashiya. Kummandla kaRhulumente kule etyaleni akalulandeli ukuya nayiphi uthelekiso.