Avela. Yintoni na apho eli gama? Imizekelo ibhekisela iincwadi

Ekudaleni imisebenzi ezakudala Russian kunye Western kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela kule ncwadi ehlabathini yaqala ukubonakala utyekelo ukuba imifuziselo, yimizekeliso nje. iimpawu ezinjalo zingekho kuphela iprozi wanamhla, kodwa ndaba Ukuhlolisisa loncwadi namhlanje. Amanani Art, apho abaphandi baye ingqalelo kwinkulungwane XX, baba usingiselo. Yintoni na? Yintoni injongo yawo? Kwaye yintoni fomu isenokuba ibhekisela?

Imvelaphi igama elithi

Kutsha nje, nkolelo zoncwadi eziye zavela inkcazelo ibhekisela. Yintoni na le meko kukuba bambalwa abantu bacinga ngaphambili, kungekhona ngenxa yokuba inkosi ibinzana wengcibi yokuluka ke uyisebenzise. Imizekelo avela kwenzeka ukususela ekuqaleni kuMbindi Ages kwimibongo. Kunoko, ingongoma kukuba phambi kokuba ekuqaleni ukuhlalutya uncwadi ngenkulungwane lokugqibela akunjalo ayenziwa.

Yolwimi mihla, eli gama lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela enye yamacebo zobugcisa. Yaguqulelwa isuka kwisiLatini lithetha "ngapantsi." Ibhekisela - i umfanekiso yokuluka, apho umbhali waboleka emabalini yebhayibhile, intsomi yamandulo aphakathi okanye imisebenzi abanye ababhali. Injongo yokuboleka enjalo - ukuzoba ukufana phakathi indalo yakhe zoncwadi kwaye uye wadala phambi kokuba saziwa umsebenzi. Ngenxa yoko, sinokuthi umbhali usebenzisa umfanekiso okhoyo, "amahlebo 'ukuba ukufana kwayo ukuya iqhawe, ibali okanye ingcamango inoveli, ibali elifutshane okanye inoveli.

iintlobo avela

Ngezi izixhobo zobugcisa umbhali ukuze ujonge nje kuphela kumsebenzi eyaziwa-kakuhle ezoncwadi, kodwa yinyaniso zembali. Izinto ezahlukeneyo kwizifundo nengcindezelo wentsomi kusenokufak usingiselo indima. Loluphi uhlobo simanga obugcisa, ukuphendula kwinqaku elinye akunakwenzeka na. Esi sihloko bachitha imisebenzi emininzi zoncwadi babaphandi, nganye nelinika nentsingiselo yalo kunye yokuhlela. Ukuze ufumane ulwazi olusisiseko usingiselo, kufuneka unike imizekelo embalwa evela uncwadi mabazihlele ngokwaloo iphambili - oko kukuthi, umthombo oko zingabolekwa kuwo. Ngoko ke, ngathi imifanekiso yokuluka ingaba:

• nangqondo;
• iBhayibhile;
• imbali;
• iincwadi;
• zefilosofi nobugcisa.

Avela ezisetyenziswayo ukwenza sebali, umfanekiso hero okanye izimvo yombhali okuvula. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba imveliso isihloko okanye ekupheleni kwayo. Kwakhona, la manani zobugcisa unokuhlala indawo medial.

"I Lokuqala Circle"

Ibhekisela inoveli Aleksandra Solzhenitsyna na imveliso isihloko. In "Comedy Divine 'wakhe wabe Aligeri kwasekwa isakhiwo engqongqo lemimoya; umabela ibe izangqa ezisithoba. umphefumlo abanesono, ngokutsho kwisiqwenga mbongo umbhali Italian, yenye yazo. Kodwa ngamnye izangqa ekwafanekisa le nondiliseko amatyala kunye nobomi. Kulo sokuqala aboni nomdlalo ogama ityala kuyingxaki: iintsana abangabhaptizwanga, abantu okuhle kodwa ongabhaptizwanga. I inoveli Solzhenitsyn wabe isangqa lokuqala sithathwa libhekisela. Loluphi uhlobo wamkelekile yimizekeliso kwaye lenza ntoni umsebenzi, unako ukuqonda, sikhumbula amazwi umbhali: "Eyona ezibiza kakhulu ehlabathini ku tiva leswaku musa inxaxheba sikweni." heroes umbhali Russian kohlwaywa, ukuhlupheka, ngathi abemi kumjikelo wokuqala sobulumko Italian, kwaye abamsulwa bangamaxhoba inkqubo enkulu eyoyikekayo.

avela Shakespearean

Elements abolekwe imisebenzi William Shakespeare, ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa imisebenzi zababhali banamhlanje, ingakumbi IsiNgesi. Enye yezi usingiselo Ungumfanekiso kwinoveli i-Black Prince kaThixo Ayris Merdok. Licebo lo msebenzi i pre-imbali ukuya kwebali Prince of Denmark.

nesazi IsiNgesi Dzhon Faulz sisondela ukufana phakathi abalinganiswa inoveli yakhe "The Collector" kunye nabalinganiswa Shakespearean ukusuka nentlekele "I Ngamandla". Njengoko kwi yokuqala kwimeko yesibini, abalinganiswa babe ngabantu abakwizihlalo medial.

Njengoko kuba imisebenzi uncwadi yamandulo Russian, umzekelo oqaqambileyo usingiselo nemifanekiso nokudalwa ekuchubekeni IsiNgesi libali Leskov "Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk".

Okunye avela sobuciko

Ukukhetha avela incwadi kuxhomekeka kwixesha apho umbhali ubomi, ngenxa izimvo zakhe. Xa inoveli, "iNkosi noMargarita" abakhoyo yonk zokuthetha, ngothsuphe ezifihlakeleyo imifanekiso yeBhayibhile namabali. Bulgakov imveliso ivelisa imibuzo emininzi kunye iimfihlelo. Kodwa ke amakhonkco lombhali ye ukunqulwa imisebenzi ngenkulungwane XX kwi Goethe kaThixo "Faust" zisekuhleni kanye. Igama umlinganiswa ophambili - le ibhekisela engundoqo. Uthando zidlula ulonwabo umxholo abezingcwalisile Bulgakov lwendaba ephambili, nto leyo nayo njengesifundo umdla zokufunda ngenxa yobuninzi abagxeki e imbongi yakhe German eqingqiweyo.

Oku kusikhumbuza ingcamango jikelele ngakumbi. Ukusebenzisa imifanekiso ezahlukeneyo, kwaye imiba eyaziwa imisebenzi yobugcisa iza ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. isixhobo zesimbo, isihloko eli nqaku, uthetha ukufunda kakhulu noluqondakalayo.

Ibhekisela kunye reminiscence ngengqiqo ngokubanzi phantse ayafana. abalinganiswa Great kunye namabali sele udale. Ababhali Contemporary nga uhlaziye kuphela yaye zihamba ngexesha lethu. Kwaye kufuneka bathi iindlela zobugcisa zisetyenziswa kuphela uncwadi kodwa kwimovie. Umzekelo cinema eSoviet - ifilimu "Abantwana Don Quixote." Ophambili kulo mboniso ukwenza okulungileyo ngaphandle alindele umvuzo. Yena sinikwa ukusebenza ngentliziyo yam yonke, ngoyaba wo-. izenzo zakhe zisenokubonakala townsfolk crazy ezilula. Kodwa ezi phandle amanene. Kwaye Ukufana movie hero kunye isimilo ingawenzi.