Art. 37 Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo-: umtshutshisi

Art. CCP 37 kubaluleke gqitha. Inika ulwalathiso sikhokelo umtshutshisi - amanani ezihamba ityala lolwaphulo ixesha lonke uphando kunye ingqalelo. imithwalo yakhe iquka iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili: ukuqinisekisa ulawulo lomthetho kunye noqeqesha umtshutshisi kwi kwetyala. Sithetha ngayo apha ngezantsi.

Nqanaba lenkqubo kulwaphulo-mthetho, kunye inxaxheba umtshutshisi woluntu

inkqubo Criminal yohlulwe kwizigaba ezininzi:

• uphenyo lokuqala;
• inyathelo kwezomthetho (iqulathe izigaba ezininzi);
• ukubulawa yesivakalisi.

Eli nqaku ijongene amanqanaba uphando kunye kwetyala.

inani nganye iphatha imisebenzi yayo luphawu kunye nemisebenzi. Ngaba Akukho ngaphandle kunye umtshutshisi woluntu.

Art. 37 Code of Criminal Procedure udwelisa amagunya noMtshutshisi, leyo osebenza kuyo yonke inkqubo kuzo zonke zontathu izigaba. Imisebenzi umtshutshisi woluntu kule meko kufuneka abasebenzi ezahlukeneyo. Practice kunye noluvo ingcali zibonisa ukuba oku kuyingxaki enkulu. uxanduva Out ukuze lenze imisebenzi esemthethweni.

Ukongeza, nangona ityala ababandakanyekayo umsebenzi ngaphezu kwesinye, ingxelo ukubambana - umsebenzi kwisiThili yegqwetha, yaye loo nto lonke ishishini. Indlela zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ulawulo yonke imicimbi, ngoku iye yaba umthetho. Kwaye kukho uxhomekeke ngqo kwi ngokoluvo oyintloko.

Icandelo 2 Art. 37 Code of Criminal Procedure ikhankanya iintshukumo ezithile umtshutshisi unelungelo lokuba enze kuzo zonke izigaba uphando kunye kwetyala.

nemiqathango yolawulo

Eli nqaku ayikho umlawuli kuphela umtshutshisi woluntu. Nangona umda wayo, loo nto ibonisa ngokupheleleyo amagunya ayo.

Kananjalo kulawulwa ngumthetho "Kwi ukuvalelwa pre-kwetyala" imiyalelo kunye nemiyalelo ye-Ofisi Jikelele yoMtshutshisi ngomba othile. PEC imithetho isicelo (olawula ukunyanzeliswa izivakalisi).

Kukho uluvo sesikweni ukuba uluhlu nemimiselo GP ukuphazamisana kuphela kwaye abaqhubeki amaxabiso, ithetha ukuba. A. Ngokwahlukileyo imithetho; ngokuba ezithathwe.

Lowo umthetho ayabele ukuba abatshutshisi

Ngokutsho h. 1 tbsp. 37 Code of Criminal Procedure, umtshutshisi - ngayo uluntu, ukwenza imisebenzi yayo. Abatshutshisi ebizwa:

• I Igqwetha Jikelele kunye neerhuluneli bakhe.
• Abatshutshisi kumanqanaba ezithili kwaye kazwelonke (ezi lasebenzisa abatshutshisi imizi ngokubaluleka federal).
• Abatshutshisi kumgangatho wesithili.

Indawo babugubungela ubuso, intloko yeziko, bonke abanye abasebenzi babe ubume kwabancedisi. Ngokutsho Art. 37 Code of Criminal Procedure, bonke enze imisebenzi kweliso ntetho kweentlawulo.

Igqwetha - a nani owayamileyo. Umsebenzi igunya ophezulu uyakuba nelungelo ukurhoxisa isigqibo yalo isikhalazo kulo mntu uchaphazelekayo okanye iphulo layo.

Zonke izenzo zakhe kwityala lolwaphulo-mthetho zenziwa izimvo okanye imigaqo.

Indaba lokugada

Umda noMtshutshisi kuquka ekutshekisheni yonke izenzo nabaphandi kunye abaphandi zombini phambi kokuqalisa kweengxoxo, ngokunjalo emva. Yintoni izakhono zalo ukuphumeza igunya layo?

• Ukuvuma okanye ligunyazisa amanyathelo ezicaciswe emyalelweni.
• Iphande izikhalazo kunye kuthatha amanyathelo kubo (okanye akuvumelani nabo ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxalenye).
• Imisiwe izigqibo mthethweni okanye umphandi, okanye (kwaye) athathe amanyathelo xa kumiwe yabo.

IGqwetha unyanzelekile, njengoko ibango. 3 h. 2 tbsp. 37 Code of Criminal Procedure, befuna kubulawe Zonke iintshukumo zokwaphulwa kwemithetho. Ngoko ke, oko kuthetha indima ebonakalayo, okt. E. Simele ukulindela ukuba isikhalazo okanye ezibonisa inkundla ukuba enze.

Kweliso kuquka into elibukhali umsebenzi nokusebenza-search (benza ofisi kule umtshutshisi ezizodwa kaThixo), kodwa kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba Osa awusebenzi kwiinkqubo zolwaphulo-mthetho, nangona zihlobene ngokusondeleyo kunye nayo.

izenzo Umtshutshisi njengoko amagosa kufuneka ube nomdlandla isigqibo kufuneka ziphawulwe unobangela isigqibo ethile. Ngokuphathelele oku nokuthatha phulo umtshutshisi ongamile umdla kwityala elithile.

Xa kubhekiswa umthetho akwanelanga, kodwa oku kuyenzeka rhoqo kwaye kwenza kube nzima ukuba abasebenzi kolu phando.

Umzekelo, imfuneko lokuguqula ukubambana kufuneka ibe kubhekiswa ukuhlukunyezwa ukulungiselela xwebhu.

Ngqo igade umtshutshisi ayikho igunya lokugqibela. Lo mcuphi okanye umphandi uya kuba nelungelo umngeni isigqibo sakhe ngumtshutshisi ophezulu kunye imvume yentloko zophando zesebe okanye uphando.

Wenza isibheno izenzo okanye izigqibo yegosa yophando okanye umphandi kweli tyala. Art. 37 Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo uthi iingxabano umtshutshisi ephezulu, kodwa akukho isalelo ekungenisweni mbambano enkundleni. Ukuziqhelisa egwebayo, oluninzi iiyantlukwano ezimalunga isibheno yomtshutshisi okanye umphandi.

Khangela iingxelo malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho

Inxalenye 1 Art. 37 Code of Criminal Procedure kuquka iinjongo zolawulo yomtshutshisi phezu izenzo nabaphandi kunye nabaphandi. Ngokukodwa, ikhangelwe rhoqo ukungenisa izikhalazo amapolisa kunye nezicelo zabemi.

Ngokwahlukeneyo lukhangelwe uvala nkqubo kunye neengxelo-akhawunti ye-mthetho. Ngenxa yoko, iofisi yomtshutshisi rhoqo utyelela subordinated ATS kuye. Nangona kunjalo, abemi ngokuyimfuneko lizakulindela kuhlolwa, baya kuba nelungelo ukuba babhale ngoko nangoko isikhalazo ku mphathi we umtshutshisi.

Akanalo ilungelo lokuba ukuqalisa inkqubo yolwaphulo, kodwa unelungelo ukuwusa umcimbi ukuba abantu banelungelo ukuba wenze eso sigqibo.

La mandla athe kwi Sec. Iiyure ezi-2. Le 2 tbsp. 37 Code of weNkqubo yoLwaphulo. Njani Ikhangeleka ufundisa? EliyiNtloko Uphando okanye imibuzo efunyenwe umthetho esayinwe umtshutshisi kunye nezinto ehamba.

Wayengakwazi awuvumelani nesigqibo uze ukusirhoxisa. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ingxaki-phinda ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho yaye yokurhoxiswa sigqibo.

Kweliso nqanaba excitation ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho

Umtshutshisi uhlola wihi isigqibo kuvulwe ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho okanye ukwala oku. Lo mcuphi okanye umphandi athumele ikopi yesigqibo kunye nezinto ehamba.

I CPC iye yabhalwa malunga nokuhanjiswa ngoko nangoko, kodwa kubonelelwa, ngokuxhomekeke kumsebenzi umncedisi yomphandi, owenza imisebenzi kubandakanywa yekhuriya phakathi ofisi.

Njengomthetho jikelele, ukuba akukho iimpazamo ezicacileyo, umtshutshisi uyavumelana kuvulwa ityala kunye Lisamkele, wabeka isiginitsha yakhe. Amathuba ukupheliswa yongeniselo; ukuba ngoko nangoko ubhale isikhalazo eso sigqibo. Art. 37 iKhowudi, hr. 2 p. 6 isebenza, ngokuqhelekileyo xa kukho izikhalazo. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo kurhoxiswe nokwala mthethweni okumisela ukuba kutshutshiswe.

Ulawulo phezu ukuziphatha uphando

Ummangalelwa ibango imveliso uphambene. Indlela enobulungisa umngeni, umtshutshisi isigqibo. Le udaba nobuchule balo.

Umtshutshisi ke unelungelo lokuba isigqibo ukutshintshwa icala kwi umphandi ukuya umphandi.

nelawula umsebenzi onegunya ebe ngokungasingisi kwecala, kodwa unelungelo ukunika imiyalelo ngokuphathelele ihambo izenzo yophando kunye nemiyalelo yokuba uphando xa iyonke.

Umzekelo, unikwe umyalelo sokuqeshwa yoviwo, udliwano-ndlebe amangqina, ukufunyanwa amaxwebhu.

Ulwalathiso uphando kuthetha ukukhetha uguqulelo lwe-mthetho.

Phakathi amagunya ofisi yomtshutshisi ityala wotshintsho ukusuka kwelinye igunya komnye, umzekelo, unokugqiba ukutshintshela izinto Uphando kwiKomiti zamapolisa.

Ngelo xesha sabangela ukungaxoli nesigqibo sokutshintshela amatyala GP apho abatshutshisi akolu FSB baphande ukusuka UK. Noko ke, ukususela kwindawo ngokusesikweni imbono isigqibo okusemthethweni.

Indima kwi ulawulo egwebayo phezu isiphumo

Imvume yokungena endlwini esinikwe yinkundla, kwakunye neminye imisebenzi (wiretapping, iliso imbalelwano).

Umtshutshisi unika imvume kwangaphambili kwaye bathatha inxaxheba kwiimviwo yesicelo yinkundla. Ukuba sesho lwenziwa ngenxa ukungxamiseka kunye akunakwenzeka lokulinda isigqibo senkundla, umcuphi wahlola semthethweni yezenzo. Intlanganiso yabanjwa kunye nxaxheba mandatory yomtshutshisi.

Kukuthatha yakhe isonjululwe:

• ibekwe nokuba nomrhanelwa okanye ummangalelwa umntu sukugcina
• ukukhululwa ekuvalelweni;
• ukwandiswa yendlu ukubanjwa.

Izikhalazo ezingeniswe enkundleni emzimbeni amanyathelo yophando, uphando, umtshutshisi iya kuqwalaselwa kunye inxaxheba igunya okugada.

Inkundla unyanzelekile ukuba ukubhengeza ukuqeshwa kwentlanganiso kwaye unelungelo lokuba ukuhlola isikhalazo ngaphandle inxaxheba umtshutshisi, ukuba wayengekho.

Ngexesa lokumiswa kwayo, uphelela

Icandelo 2 Art. 37 Code of Criminal Procedure unika umtshutshisi ilungelo ukuxhasa ngesigqibo seGosa yophando okanye umphandi ukuba aphelise inkqubo yolwaphulo ngokuthi imvume isigqibo ngalo mbandela. Nayiphi umtshutshisi ugqiba ukuba alichithe elo tyala. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo ekunqunyanyisweni kwimveliso.

Ukulungiselela ityala ekufuneka ithunyelwe enkundleni

Emva kokugqitywa kophando okanye uphando kwi ityala ekuthethwa ofisi yomtshutshisi. Igqitha ukubambana ibakala imvume.

Umtshutshisi, ukufumana ukuba kwakukho yanyhashwa, ithumela ityala emva for uhlaziyo kunye imiyalelo ebhaliweyo.

Zeziphi izizathu unika umthetho lo?

• Ukutshintsha ivolyum iintlawulo (inani ndawo zeengozi ingabalelwa);
• emfundo tshintsha (ngokuqinisa okanye nokunciphisa iintlawulo ngokuguqula iingongoma okanye amanqaku kweKhowudi Criminal);
• ubungqina baneleyo kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho okanye ityala lomntu;
• Ukophulwa kwamalungelo-nxaxheba kule nkqubo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni nemiphumela emibi;
• obumbeka ibala kurhanelwa umtyholwa.

Umthetho ayicacisi ukuba ezinye iziseko isenokuba umtshutshisi. Kujongwe ukuba kufuneka kusekelwe phezu kweemeko ezithile.

Ukuziqhelisa, phantse nayiphi na impazamo amathuba ukuze umbandela kwakhona phezu kwetafile yi umphandi. Le nto ke ithetha ukuba i ububi, t. To. Iimviwo Ilibazisekile amatyala kwaye inika umthwalo olongezelelweyo abasemagunyeni yophando. Konke oku, Kakade ke, lihlisa umgangatho zokunyanzeliswa komthetho.

Icandelo 4 Art. 37 Code of Criminal Procedure, enika ilungelo lokuba ayeke ukutshutshisa, ngelishwa, usebenza ngaphantsi ngamandla xa utshutshiso akanawo izizathu ezaneleyo ukuze siqhubeke nomsebenzi, njengoko oko kungqinwa-manani.

Ukuba ityala uvela yophando

Uphenyo - uhlobo lula yophando. Emva kokugqitywa ngqo Igqwetha abekwe (analog abekwe). igunya lokuphatha:

• Ubonisa ukubambana;
• uthumela emva zokwakha uhlaziyo;
• ukuba achithe;
• ugqiba ukudlulisela ityala umphandi.

Umtshutshisi unelungelo ukuze athambise isityholo okanye ngaphandle izinto ezithile.

Isigqibo ukubuyisela izinto ukuze kuphandwe ngakumbi ngesibheno kwi ngumtshutshisi ophezulu kunye imvume yophando.

iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo yokujongana

Umtshutshisi (Art. 37 Code of Criminal Procedure) agunyaziswe ukuba asayine isivumelwano kwi inkqubo lula yophando kunye ingqalelo kwimeko.

Isindululo yi umphandi kwaye iyaxhaswa yi-ngumtshutshisi, loo nto idluliselwa enkundleni, nto leyo eyenza isigqibo sokugqibela.

Kakuhle eli isivumelwano sisananelo isicelo ukuba isohlwayo ubuninzi akukho ngaphezu kwesiqingatha esiphezulu kunokwenzeka. Ubonelela mthetho, isohlwayo iphezulu apho engekho ngaphezulu kweminyaka emi-5 entolongweni.

Umthetho uvumela umngeni kwiinkundla eziphezulu isohlwayo izibakala esekwe azikho na imbambano leyo iba isibatha abamangalelwa, akazange abe izakhono ezaneleyo nokubhala.

Phantse onke amatyala olwaphulo-mthetho ngobulali ukongamela ubucaka ziinkundla ngendlela lula.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba umtshutshisi kwetyala

Ekuqaleni, kuqala ukuviwa preliminary, wabheka ngayo ityala ilungele kwakhona, yaye ngokukodwa, njani kakuhle umtshutshisi lizaliseke imisebenzi yakhe.

Ukuchongwa lentswelo ekhokelela ukubuya eli tyala umtshutshisi, ngoko ikhutshelwa umphandi okanye umphandi.

I CPC ibonisa uluhlu engaphelelanga yeemeko awanyanzele ukubuyela ityala nomtshutshisi. Kwangaxeshanye, ityala ukuba kuxoxwe nayo ngayo. Yintoni umahluko?

Nangona kunjalo kwizandla umtshutshisi woluntu, ukuze athathe amanyathelo ukuqinisekisa ukufumana ubungqina entsha, ukuphelisa iimpazamo ezenziwa umphandi okanye ubuzayo.

Ijaji inamagunya efanayo, kodwa injongo isicelo sabo - ukuqinisekisa ukulingana amaqela kwiingxoxo enkundleni. Emva kokuba ityala uvumelekile yemfaneleko, lo isiphoso akakhange ayiphelise ngumtshutshisi, kungakhokelela ekubeni ungenatyala olwaphulo-mthetho okanye unciphiso bajeziswe.

Inkundla akazange nxaxheba kwi otshutshiso, kunye icala lesithathu, kwaye ezimbini iinketho: noba ukuqaphela umntu unetyala okanye ukuzithethelela ngayo. Eku sunguleni, inkundla ukuthumela ityala emva ukuze kuphandwe ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba uviwo kwi ukufaneleyo, kwaye ngoku oku akunakwenzeka.

Ziziphi izenzo ezithile zenziwa, umtshutshisi isigqibo. Ijaji unelungelo ukunika kuphela izenzo ezibonisa buso, ingakumbi ngokumalunga neentlawulo ngokuqinisa ukuze hayi ukucalucalula isivakalisi esilandelayo.

Kungenjalo, isigqibo kwimfaneleko.

Inxalenye 3 Art. 37 Code of Criminal Procedure sinyanzela yoMtshutshisi ukuxhasa utshutshiso, akhuselwe ngumthetho. Awunako ukuyifihla izibakala okanye ubungqina ekuthomalaliseni intlawulo okanye ukuzithethelela ngokupheleleyo ummangalelwa.

Xa kwetyala umtshutshisi unelungelo:

• ukubuza imibuzo nxaxheba inkqubo, amangqina neengcali;
• ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiimviwo ubungqina;
• lokungenisa amaxwebhu ezikhalazo.

Kukuvela kweemeko ukuzithethelela xa umntu efuna ukuba ehlise izityholo. Ukuba babe nofifi ngazo kamva wakhonza wokumelana isigwebo. Oku waba umtshutshisi, ekuqaleni wathabatha inxaxheba, kwakunye umsebenzi ephakamileyo igunya.

Njengoko kuchaziwe kwinqaku 37 womGaqo Criminal Procedure, umtshutshisi woluntu ziya kusebenza kuzo zonke izigaba zenkqubo. Oku mhlawumbi wathengisa ngqo okanye obligation ezinye izinto. Umzekelo, ilungelo lokwala utshutshiso ithi ukuba usetyenziswa ngendlela kwimihlaba emiselwe yi-CCP.

Umtshutshisi unamagunya obukhulu, yaye indlela azisebenzisa ngayo, igalelo kukhuselo amalungelo abemi 'okanye, icala, sivune okuchasene nomthetho.