Imbali kaYosefu-Volokolamsk Monastery. Orthodox isigodlo oyindoda stauropegic cenobitic

Ugxininiso kulo nqaku liza kuba imbali kunye nophuhliso uYosefu-Volokolamsk Monastery. Le isigodlo yamandulo Orthodox, nto leyo eneneni namhlanje, sele itsale kuphela abakhenkethi abaninzi kodwa abahambi. Iinqaba kummandla eMoscow apho. Kodwa ke indawo ngempumelelo enqatyisiweyo, i kungenakugqithwa kunye nezigodlo engqondweni. Leyo ke into yokuba lundwendwe kunye nokhenketho. UYosefu-Volokolamsk Monastery wakhiweyo kwinqaba iShushan. It singqongwe ziindonga zamafu ekwaziyo withstanding nasekuxinweni iinyanga-elide yotshaba. Emva kokuba weemonki elimiswe amaxesha ngokomoya kwaye bahlupheke. Kodwa namhlanje, i neemonki woonongendi uza kwamkela i-bahambi Bamemelele kunye nabakhenkethi ukwazi. Ngelishwa, Second World War sabangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizakhiwo nelembali weemonki. Kodwa kancane kancane luyagcinwa kwakhona. Makhe ukhenketho kaYosefu-Volokolamsk Monastery, kwaye ngexesha elinye mamela ibali lakhe umdla.

Kumila woonongendi

Yonke le nto yaqala nesibakala sokuba Ivan Sanin ethile waziva ubizo yonqulo. Waye tonsured zibe iimonki Pafnutiem Borovskim waza wathabatha igama emishini kaYosefu. Ngubani wafela ihlabathi eyahlulelwe Sanin ngokwakhe enkonzweni kaThixo kunye nempumelelo kakhulu kule nto yaba ezihlangwini St. Paphnutius njengoko hegumen. Njengoko intloko eluntwini, uYosefu wazama ukuba ukungena kuyo obschezhiteyny charter. Kodwa ke abazalwana ngokucacile ngokungafaniyo oku. Emva koko ke wayengazibandezi uYosefu enye indoda enkulu, Gerasim waya enyuka hermitages nezigodlo. Kodwa ngo 1478, uJosefu wabuyela ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe, waza wacela imvume Boris Vladimirovich, nguMthetheli Volokolamsk, iseke eMonastri. I "eulogy", oluqulunqwe umtshana wakhe Ivan Sanin Dosifey Toporkov, ifundeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: "Le yindawo woonongendi yabekwa ngasentla. Basonta kwalomu ka eluthulini; kwandule ke umhlaba yahlaselwa ngumbane ngendlela isibhakabhaka. Kukho Mfundisi ze aphelise. " Ngoko ke ngo-1479 oko yasekwa uYosefu Volokolamsk Monastery.

Life of St.

Kuyimfuneko ukuba bathi amagama ambalwa malunga ngemvelaphi obungqongqo. Kutheni ke ungquzulwano kunye nabazalwana, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, indlela wafumana inkxaso wempangelo ezipheleleyo (kubandakanywa imali) ukwenzela ukwakhiwa kaYosefu-Volokolamsk Monastery? Sanin kwintsapho yeengcungcu lalibukele elalini Yazvische yaye babe kwinkonzo ezithile Volotsk Prince Boris. Ivan kuphela unyana kuphela. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-20, wagqiba ekubeni athabathe isigqubuthelo, kwaye ngo-1459 waya Abakwenzayo Savvin monastery. Kodwa yokuhlala yentlupheko engezanga ethandwa nguye, waza waya Borovsk. Le isigodlo uphantsi kolawulo Paphnutius wayedume imfuyo yakhe. Kule wayengazibandezi eMonastri wachitha iminyaka eli-18. Isigodlo ngaphambili ababekolo yosisi Novgorod. Ukuganga amazwe ezinkulu umnqweno Prince Ivan III capture eselumelwaneni, Abbot uYosefu ungquzulwano kunye uBhishophu Serapion Novgorod. Ngoko wahlala engena eDayosisi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba nisikrokrele yabafundi. Ngaphandle ukusekelwa namagunya aseburhulumenteni, uYosefu wagqiba ukushiya yaye kumisa eMonastri yabo. Waba owayemele yonyana wakhe Borisa Volotskogo, Ivana Ruzskogo kunye confessor esabelo le yenene.

UYosefu-Volokolamsk Monastery (kwisithili Volokolamsk, ummandla eMoscow)

Ukuxhasa abasemagunyeni yoluntu kwenza kube lula ukuba yakhiwe ibandla uyazidela yokuqala oqingqiweyo ka woonongendi kweenyanga nje ezimbini ihlobo 1479. Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva ukuba indawo sonto ngamatye. Woonongendi ngokukhawuleza iba yesicelo, engqongwe ngeendonga zamafu. Ngaba kukho entolongweni ngenxa uso. Le umphathi uYosefu, eyakhiwa yiCawa Orthodox ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla seal, yaba ngumtshutshisi wangumququzeleli ZobuYuda kwaye zikhuselwe semthethweni okuba yoonongendi ubutyebi zehlabathi, kuquka umhlaba. Wabhala ukuba "... ke amaRoma babatshisele ubungafanelanga kuphela ukulahla nenzondo, kodwa kuzisa phantsi wabo, yaye ukuba awasebenzise owenzakeleyo, uningcwalisayo isandla sakhe ... oku abasemagunyeni kufuneka awazise isohlwayo ngenkohlakalo." UYosefu walondoloza iileta, ephikisana non-abanikazi (ingakumbi, kunye Neil Sora) ukuba iimonki ezingafanelekileyo okufumana imihlaba kunye ukuhombisa indlu Golden. Abbot wafa ngo-1515. Lamiselwa ngo 1579. abalandeli bakhe, Josephites, ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe bawuphikisa wawalwela ekuthatheni komhlaba kunye nabalimi amakhoboka. Ngo-2009, Patriarh KIRILL wathi abakhusela Iosifa Volotskogo ushishino Russian Orthodox.

yesicelo

Buildings uYosefu-Volokolamsk Monastery kubonakala kude. Makukhanye yegolide uphahla batempile, peeping emva kweendonga amhlophe amakroba. Ehlabathini weemonki yaxhuzulwa amachibi. Bavimba nje umendo umhlaseli kunokwenzeka, kodwa makasizalise iimonki refectory intlanzi emnandi. Iindonga zesixeko, enqabeni woonongendi ke ngokutsha izihlandlo eziliqela. Wahlala iye ngempumelelo wamelana nasekuxinweni yomkhosi Polish-Lithuanian ngo-1612. Iindonga ziyilelwe nokuzeka kade losuku melee. inqaba yabo eneSandi. Ngamnye kubo - wobugcisa eyodwa izakhiwo ukuzithethelela. Amahle kubo Germanova. Siye closer ubone isethi yokungena ngo-2009, kukho isi- St Iosifu Volotskomu. Emva kwakhe kungabonwa kakhulu kakuhle abanxibe Gate Church, elingcwele kubapostile uPetros noPawulos. Yakhiwa 1679 kwi Moscow style teremkovom. Makhe siye ngesango.

Yakhelwe ngaphakathi loonongendi. Church of Kwingcingane Lady Lwethu

Ngexesha ubomi nguMfundisi umphathi uYosefu-Volokolamsk Monastery, ngowe-1486, yayakhiwe kwisiza kwicawa ngomthi nangelitye. Ngenxa yokudweba yakhe wamenyelwa wegcisa odumileyo kunye zihlaba anoDiyonisiyo. Xa ke le fashion eMoscow yobuciko, ibandla kwandiswa kwaye iguqulwe ibe ecaweni Cathedral. ekwakhiweni kwayo lalisele likho kwiminyaka 1688-1696. Le tempile-angqukuva ezintlanu ngobambana ebuhleni bayo nobuhle. Musa ukusondela ukuya ngaphakathi. Okokuqala, hamba ujikeleze yecawa. Ngaphandle kweendonga zayo ezihonjiswe iithayile ezaye zenziwa ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe ku studio igcisa Stepan Polubes. hamba ngoku ngaphakathi etempileni. Icons, ebhalwe anoDiyonisiyo, alukapheli. Ingabonwa etempileni. A gem real yecawe a enamanqanaba ezintlanu-iconostasis oqingqiweyo, ezalekwe ngegolide ebengezelayo. Ulwazi abalambele: kweli bandla oluboniswe amandla kunye neentsontelo St. Joseph. Ukongeza, woonongendi ibekwe engcwabeni abathetheli Volotsk, uJohn Theodore.

Ezinye izakhiwo woonongendi

Xa gqitha udumo ekhethekileyo belfry uYosefu-Volokolamsk Monastery. Yakhiwa 1511 kwaye ezikufutshane etempileni endala. Ke nenqaba intsimbi ngokucocekileyo "fit" ezindongeni isonto entsha. Kuthiwa ngosuku ngokucacileyo ukususela phezulu kwayo ungabona eMoscow. Kodwa ebudeni beMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic, amajoni Soviet esoyiswa bavuthela phezulu enqabeni yentsimbi. Ngoku isiseko salo ibhuqiwe @UnathiKondile ukubuyiselwa yabo. Yintoni kutyelela emva Volovets Joseph Monastery? Okokuqala, isango ecaweni senditshilo. Okulandelayo, khangela Germanov inqaba kwelinye icala. Oku ingqongwe yi-White Honey noovimba, kwakunye nokwakha woonongendi kunye keliyami. Xa refectory ye woonongendi silidle badle iosif Volotsky. Ngokutsho isicwangciso isakhiwo bokwakha uphinda amaninzi Chamber of the Moscow yesicelo - ikhowudi isekelwe phezu lasisimiso. Enye into ebangel kwimbombo ende ezintle.

nosaziwayo isigodlo

Ngelishwa, inkcubeko omkhulu okanye amaqabane zamaKristu phakathi kwabazalwana, ngaphandle umseki woonongendi, wayengekho. Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi othothoza entolongweni lo weemonki. Phakathi kakhulu kakuhle eyaziwa angabizwa St. Mxim lesiGrike, umbhali kunye inkolo, kakhulu, lamiselwa yiCawa Orthodox. Prince nguVasili Patrickeyev, wafumana igama emishini Bassion kunye Basil Kuritsyn kunye UMateyu Bashkin - oonozakuzaku kwi kwinkonzo tsar eMoscow - nayo ogqunywe entolongweni uYosefu Volokolamsk. Bathi engayikholisiyo uMfundisi esibe sithetha ngokuphandle malunga imfuneko nestyazhatelstva. imfundiso yabo kwathiwa Cathedral 1504 qhekeko "zamaYuda." Volokolamsk, uYosefu-Volokolamsk Monastery yaba entolongweni Vasiliya Shuyskogo yaye isikhulu ukwahlulwa ecaweni Gerasim Firsov.

Yokungcwaba woonongendi

Sele okhankanywe ukuba kukho engcwabeni wabathetheli - abazalwana uJohn Fedora Borisovichey. Ukongeza, emva woonongendi ngo-1989, yanikwa iCawa, amandla Iosifa Volotskogo zifunyenwe. Yawa imixokelelwane yakhe zadluliselwa weemonki i Museum "iYerusalem Entsha" ku Istra. UYosefu Volokolamsk stauropegic weemonki yaba yindawo ezolileyo nesokugqibela elubhacweni apha Ivanom Groznym Metropolitan Daniel. Kwakhona wangcwatyelwa apha Novgorod Archbishop uTheodosius. Kumangcwaba kungcwatywa, aziwayo-kakuhle ukuba ungubani ethile yehlabathi. It Malyuta Skuratov, intloko nonogada, kwilali mhlaba Yaropolets Goncharova, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba unina-A. S. Pushkinu.

A New History of the weemonki

Ngenye woonongendi ndingenayo ilayibrari enkulu, yaye ukususela kwiminyaka 1777 ukuya 1823, kwakukho isikolo noonyana zababingeleli. Kodwa inkoliso bonke, woonongendi wayesaziwa ngokuba yindawo eyodwa. indawo yayo ekwanti, iindonga ezinamandla uvunyelwe ukusebenzisa woonongendi njenge entolongweni. Imigodi isigodlo eziqulathwe hayi iintshaba kuphela zobuqu umphathi zihlaba Iosifa Volotskogo. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane elinesixhenxe zigcinwa ePoland, kwaye ngo-1812 - amabanjwa isiFrentshi emfazwe. Emva kokuba October Revolution ka-1917, woonongendi yavalwa. Ukususela ngowe-1922 ukuya 1989 yayimi apho kwikhaya leenkedama.

UYosefu-Volokolamsk Monastery njani khona

Le Region Moscow Umtsalane abahlali zoluntu kutyelela ngamini-nye. Fumana kuYosefu-Volokolamsk Monastery ayikho nzima kakhulu, kwanokuba esizisebenzisayo ukuhamba ngezithuthi zikawonke-wonke. Kufuneka kuqala ukufikelela kwilali Teryaevo. UYosefu-Volokolamsk Monastery i ngeekhilomitha ukusuka kulo. Phambi Teryaevo linokufikeleleka ngeendlela ezimbini. I ukhetho lokuqala ukufumana ngololiwe ukuya Volokolamsk (Riga indlela). Ukusuka kwisikhululo sikaloliwe linani ibhasi 31. Kufuneka ukuya stop "Valuiki" yaye kuqhutyekwe ukuya ngekhilomitha ukuya kwelingasentla apho weemonki. Le ndlela yesibini kulula: ukuya kwisikhululo sikaloliwe Chismena uze nenombolo ibhasi 23 ukuya kwilali Teryaevo. Ukususela ilali kufuneka uhambe ikhilomitha ukuya ngasentshona.