Yintoni amagama lixesha?

amagama akudala - oku iqela elikhethekileyo samazwi, abathe, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo lisusiwe kwintetho yanamhlanje. Zahlula-hlulwe iindidi ezimbini - historicism kunye archaisms. Zombini ezi maqela ezifanayo omnye komnye, kodwa kusafuneka ezinye umahluko omkhulu.

historicism

La magama ukuze izinto ezikhethekileyo, izihloko, iziphumo, nto leyo yaphela ehlabathini namhlanje, kodwa kubekho ngaphambili. Umzekelo loo magama - Boyar, irhuluneli, sikhalazo, ilifa. Abanalo ntonye ngolwimi mihla yaye bafunda intsingiselo yazo inokuba kuphela isichazi-magama echazayo. Ngokusisiseko, la mazwi abhekisele kule nkcazelo indlu eziphelelwe lixesha, inkcubeko, uqoqosho, zabefundisi, emkhosini kunye nobudlelwane kwezopolitiko phakathi kwezi iminyaka emininzi.

Umzekelo, lwezikhalazo - ngu: 1) isaphetha kunye ebunzi ebujongise emhlabeni; okanye 2) isicelo esibhaliweyo. Stolnik - wentendelezo boyar degree enye asezantsi ngokuqhelekileyo bakhonza boyar okanye etafileni yokumkani.

Uninzi abadala amagama-historicism afumaneka phakathi amagama ezinxulumene nomxholo zomkhosi, kwakunye ezinxulumene izifundo zoqoqosho kunye neempahla: chainmail, nemibhalo, redoubt, musket, nesicumba, kukho inkathazo, 's ingubo, sevalka, camisole.

Nantsi eminye imizekelo yezivakalisi eziqulathe magama eziphelelwe lixesha. "Ngaba lo sikhalazo kukumkani waza bakhalaza kwirhuluneli, waza wathi rob kubo izindlu zabo, baze emva koko zinikwe, nokuba akhalazela kubanumzana, abalindi kunye kartel ukuba oomantyi bathathe emizaneni yabo Palace ukumkani, kwaye Cossacks kunye abatoli, ephethe ezikhalazo. , wacela ukuba umvuzo isonka kunye nemali. "

Okwangoku, omnye amaqela ezininzi historicism abo yenzekile ngexesha lokusekwa i-USSR: iirikhwizishini, budonnovets, inkqubo yezemfundo, Abalimi, nep, lishenets, Nepman, Makhnovets, le surplus.

archaisms

Akusebenzi amazwi Russian ulwimi uyazimela kwelinye iqela elikhulu - archaisms. Ba, enyanisweni, ngaba elucwangciso olusezantsi lwe historicism - zibandakanya kwakhona wawungasasebenzi amagama. Kodwa umahluko ophambili phakathi kwabo ukuba babe kufakwe ntonye, nto leyo eqhelekileyo kwaye namhlanje kusetyenziswa amagama. Nantsi imizekelo archaisms: izidlele, ngesandla sokunene, emanqeni, ivesi, Tuga, ramen. Ngako oko, noogxa babo mihla - izidlele, ingalo ekunene, emva, imibongo, usizi, amagxa.

Kukho ezinye iiyantlukwano ezisisiseko phakathi archaism kunye ntonye zawo. Nokuba bohluka:

a) intsingiselo lungelelanisa (isisu - ubomi, njengondwendwe - yomthengisi);

b) Ifomu-ntetho (kwi ibhola - ibhola, ispolniti - ozakuphunyezwa);

c) kuqamba morphemic (abalobi - Umlobi ubudlelane - ubuhlobo);

Ukuze sokuqesha kakuhle i archaism kwisindululo, kwaye ukunqanda uphazamiseko, sebenzisa Dictionary okanye Dictionary magama eziphelelwe lixesha.

Kodwa imizekelo yezivakalisi eziqulathe archaisms: "Ngo Moscow, babehlala zayo, le izinduna, izidwangube, oomabhalane, leyo Bolotnikov umnwe ijike ibe evulekileyo, okanye ukubulala, kwaye endaweni yazo wabeka abantu ongenagama; mveliso abaninzi ababehlala apho, kunye abarhwebi abazizityebi, zokulala, imali kabani shop - wonke anikwe kumahlwempu "kwi delozh.

Kwesi sicatshulwa, archaisms la mazwi: commoner, kwintendelezo (ngengqiqo uqoqosho), ivenkile (lweshishini zorhwebo), ongenagama. Kulula ukuba phawula ukuba kukho abakhoyo kunye historicism: lakomkhulu, Nkosi.

amagama akudala nokudlulisela ngokugqibeleleyo bake uphawu ukwenza itekisi yoncwadi inemibala kwaye eliqaqambileyo. Kodwa kufuneka uhlole ukuba ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo nangokufanelekileyo isichazi-magama, ukuba amabinzana komhlana ekugqibeleni akazange abe ububhanxa.