APEC - kokuhlaziya. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation: kuluhlu lwamazwe

Kwihlabathi kukho nje ezimbalwa ngempumelelo imibutho zamazwe ngamazwe nezengingqi ezifana, apho indima engundoqo edlalwa yi kwicandelo loshishino. Enye yezi mibutho - yi APEC. Ziqonde izifinyezo iyalila Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation.

History of indalo

APEC umbutho waqala ukuphila kwayo ngo-1989. State-abenzi umbutho waba nomnqweno efana - ukunyusa umgangatho wokuphila kwingingqi Asia-Pacific ngokuvuselela uqoqosho kunye nokuqinisa norhwebo.

Qala uluntu ukubeka thethwano kushishino inkqubo kunye norhwebo. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation iquka 21 ithi. Oku Australia kunye Brunei, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Indonesia kunye Canada, China kunye Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand kunye Papua - New Guinea, Peru, eRashiya, Singapore nase-United States, Thailand kunye Taiwan, kwiiPhilippines, kwakunye Chile kunye Japan.

Emva Russia, ePeru Vietnam zibandakanyiwe kuluhlu lwamazwe inxaxheba yombutho (ngo-1997), abahlali sele liqalise ugunyaziso lomiselo kunyaka-10 ekwandeni kuluhlu amalungu oluntu.

Imithombo ekumisweni association

Ukudibanisa i APEC, apho isandi ngathi okotshiweyo kwe-Asia-Pacific Community lezoQoqosho, oko akuzange ekuqaleni wabonwa ezitshatileyo uthi, kwakunye nje kuqoqosho ababili. Umbutho ngaphambili ijolise ekusombululeni imiba ezopolitiko, kodwa ngenxa kwezoqoqosho. APEC kwasekwa njenge loButywala ongenayo ubume bombutho kwaye akazange eme nayiphi uyilandela. Nanamhlanje, i-Joint Secretariat, ibekwe Singapore, kuquka oonozakuzaku 23. Ngalinye abameli wakhethwa anoqoqosho ilungu le projekthi. The Secretariat kwakhona isebenza abasebenzi salaried lendawo 20. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-WTO, APEC, okotshiweyo yayo ezinikelwe ngentla, kuphele isekelwe phezu imithetho ukuyilwa imibutho ukulungiselela ukufumaneka igunya pravoprinuzhdeniyu xa kuthe kweembambano zorhwebo.

Ezi nkcukacha yentsebenziswano

Ezi nkcukacha womsebenzi ilele kunye ne ngeenzame ukufikelela kwisivumelwano. Inkqubo bambiswano phakathi ithi isekelwe ukutshintshiselana open ngolwazi phakathi kwamazwe kunye noluntu. Uluntu isekelwe kwi-nxaxheba ngokudibanisa izicwangciso ezidityanelweyo nezomntu amanyathelo kunceda ukufezekisa iinjongo nganye kwamazwe. Izicwangciso ziquka ulwazi oluneenkcukacha kumacandelo 15 umsebenzi. Phakathi kwabo, ixabiso kunye ndibawisele inyathelo, iinkonzo kunye notyalo-mali, imigangatho kunye akahambelani, iinkqubo amasiko kunye nokukhuselwa kwamalungelo obunini kushicilelo nokuthengiswa komsebenzi, imigaqo qho ukhuphiswano kunye nemiyalelo karhulumente, ukukhululwa imithetho iimpahla kunye nokulamla ngqo seengxabano, ukuhamba kwabantu zoshishino, ukuqokelelwa kunye ingqalelo kolwazi.

indima Global of APEC

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation lugubungela malunga ne-40% yabemi. I-GDP iyonke onke amazwe inxaxheba likhulu kune nani ka-16 ezigidi zeerandi, engqamana-60% ye-GDP kwihlabathi. Iinkokeli APEC baye baba isixhobo esingundoqo lokukhuthaza urhwebo vula ukuqalisa intsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho kule ngingqi. Isabelo yamazwe ilungu olubalelwa ubuncinane 42% yetotali kurhwebo lwehlabathi. Indima qela kule minyaka ingama-20 idlulileyo iye yenyuka kakhulu kunene. Ngoku amalungu omphakathi ngenkuthalo:

• trade neAfrika;
• akhuthaze naluphi na uhlobo lweshishini ;
• ukunika intsebenziswano okusoloko kuyinzuzo ngokwezoqoqosho nangokwezobugcisa;
• yokujongana nemiba ulutsha namabhinqa.

iingcinga jikelele kunye nokukhethwa

APEC, ogama zokucazulula sele inikwe ngentla, lusekelwe kwintekelelo yokuba ishishini - umsebenzi lesiseko, kwaye uphumelele kufuneka ukuba zisebenze. Kumanqanaba okuqala umsebenzi owenziwa ngabahlali wenziwe uthethwano ecwangcisiweyo kunye nabameli ilungileyo kwicandelo loshishino kummandla Asia-Pacific.

Ngowe-1995 kwagqitywa ukudala iBhodi Business yeeNgcebiso, eyaba umzimba ezingundoqo lonke uluntu. Onke amazwe Ilungu APEC waqeshwa kwibhodi labantu ubuncinane 3 ngubani ukuveza iinjongo zeshishini yesizwe. ziikomfa Annual ABAC sisihlandlo abameli iingcebiso jikelele thaca kule miba ilandelayo:

• nokuphunyezwa amaxwebhu, nto leyo inxulumene yinkululeko kuphela urhwebo, kodwa ulawulo utyalo Inkqubo yoluntu;
• Uphuhliso lobambiswano loqoqosho kunye zobugcisa;
• ukuchongwa lezithuba ngokunxulumene kuluntu iingxaki zoshishino.

Nganye kwezi ngxelo leyo ayakhekanga ngokwahlukeneyo karhulumente ngamnye, kwaye ngentsebenziswano olusondeleyo neengcali ezivela izakhiwo zikarhulumente.

Amanyathelo okuqala ngokukuko

APEC, nto leyo isoloko ihlaziywa noluhlu mazwe, izisombululo yokuqala imveliso yamkelwa ngo-1990-2000. Ugxininiso yabekwa phezu lula iinkqubo imvume yokungena noosomashishini ukuba uqoqosho nemibutho ilungu. Zaye zancitshiswa izithintelo intshukumo free nje kuphela iimpahla kodwa utyalo-mali. Ikhuthaza nokwandiswa amalinge ngobuchule isigaba ubambiswano ishishini. Task Force BAC ukuqalisa amanyathelo asebenzayo nokuhlanganisa nemigangatho eyamkelekileyo kumazwe ngamazwe ezibonakalayo. Ukuba athathe amanyathelo asebenzayo ukwakha izakhono kunye nokomelezwa yenkqubo yemali kwinqanaba ngamazwe.

Ekujoliswe iqela leengcali ngaphakathi ekuhlaleni wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze e-commerce. Iphuhlise isethi phambili kweendlela zokunciphisa "umsantsa yedijithali" phakathi APEC kwezoqoqosho. Uluhlu lwamazwe ilungu loMbutho sikuvumela ukuba ubone indlela eyahlukileyo yaba kumphakamo yokuxubana ubugcisa virtual kuburhulumente yoshishino e States ezahlukeneyo. Namhlanje, le ngxaki sele isonjululwe ngokupheleleyo.

Le ngqungquthela yokuqala eRashiya

NgoMeyi 2001, ibambe intlanganiso yayo yokuqala eMoscow ngo-sikhokelo ye-forum APEC. Kwaba khona abameli 100 ATP elite ishishini. Russia, ngokuba yinxalenye yalo, laqalisa ukusekwa "APEC Business Club", nto leyo equka ngaphezulu kwama-50 omkhulu kwiinkampani zasekhaya kunye egcina imali, nto leyo imisebenzi yabo sikhokelwa kummandla Asia-Pacific.

Ngokutsho umongameli Russia, eli lizwe unenjongo bathathe inxaxheba kuphuhliso kwimisebenzi yasekuhlaleni, kuquka kukhubazeko nokulungiswa sikhokelo esemthethweni yelizwe kunye nophuhliso engumzekelo lwentando yesininzi. urhulumente omkhulu karhulumente uyazi kakuhle ukuba phantsi urhwebo dynamically asakhasayo kulo mmandla, iye amathuba amahle nempumelelo.

Summit 2014 eBeijing

I APEC Ingqungquthela yokugqibela yaqhutywa eBeijing ngoNovemba 2014. Le ntetho wabangela isibhengezo kwiphepha-24. Iinkokheli ilungu-ithi baye bagqiba ukwenza eyakhayo inkqubo yoshishino kwaye ukuba aqhubeke isebenze ukuya kokukhatywa ezizenzekelayo.

APEC summit e Beijing liye laba isisekelo sokuba iLungu mveliso waqhubeka esilwa ukuqhekezwa yorhwebo lwengingqi. I-Community ijolise ekuphuhliseni Internet-mali. Ngaphezu koko, kwagqitywa isivumelwano phantse esifanayo ngokuphathelele kuphuhliso kwiindawo ngentsebenziswano ase-Afrika, nto leyo kwixesha elide kukuthintela ukusasazeka kwalo bhubhane ka Ebola.

APEC summit e Beijing swi ekusombululeni ingxaki yale ntlekele. Ugxininiso yabekwa ukuba ilizwe ngalinye kufuneka ufune mpembelelo zamandla okuqhuba kuqoqosho yayo.