Emathafeni: umhlaba kunye nemozulu. Indawo Feature-kumathafa

indawo Russian kugqalwa liphezulu kuwo onke amazwe emhlabeni wethu. Ibanga ukusuka empuma kuye entshona phantse ishumi lamawaka km. Kwaye ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi iphezulu ubude bawo bungaphezu kweekhilogram ezingamawaka amane kweekhilomitha.
Ubude omkhulu kweli lizwe inika iindidi imimandla zemozulu sikarhulumente. Kwisibanzi emantla, ikhompyutha ngokucofa iqhosha lokulayita ilizwe layo eliyinkqantosi arctic. Kwimimandla ekumzantsi lizwe ezikwiingingqi ashushu futhi yomile, ebuntlangorha.

iindawo zendalo eRashiya

Imimandla yendalo zilandelayo ahluka kwi kummandla Russia:

• intlango Arctic;
• zone emathafeni;
• zone -tundra;
• hlathi;
• ephikisanayo kunye namahlathi avuthulukayo ;
• emathafeni;
• emathafeni;
• zone entlango;
• zone sehlathi.

Arctic eyintlango emhlabeni abulawe kubanda. Bona chained permafrost kunye ezihambayo nesigqubuthelo.

zone emathafeni lugubungela malunga ne-10% ye-lizwe. Lo mmandla ulihlwempu kakhulu izondlo kunye nomgquba. Kubunzulu ngeesentimitha eziyi-mabini kukho permafrost. Kohlaza kuyagcinwa ubulembu kuphela ulele.

Emathafeni sise umda phakathi eyetundra hlathi band ukusuka iikhilomitha ezingama-20 ukuya 200. Kungenxa kule ndawo iye izityalo ezincinane kunye nemithi. Abasakwazi buthathaka kwaye abe nobukhulu encinane. Isizathu soku yayisathe nemozulu ngqwabalala nomhlaba amahlwempu.

hlathi zone ibekwe kummandla kunye nemozulu efudumeleyo. La mazwe ingxenye enkulu kummandla Russia, malunga-60% yendawo epheleleyo. On nommandla wayo kukho ashinyeneyo amahlathi fir kunye nespruce, kwakunye imali encinane amahlathi pine.

Enye zone ibekwe ngezantsi nge umaleko umhlaba ochumileyo kunye nemozulu efudumeleyo uhlaza. Apha, kukho inani elikhulu amatyholo, nenomlanga, abade, imithi kunye nengca. An ngaphandle ummandla semi-entlango, apho uhlaza kwengalunganga ngenxa kwemvula.

Emathafeni: umhlaba kunye nemozulu

Wabonakala kuqala yomsebenzi yezityalo esebenzayo waphawula kwindawo ehlathini-emathafeni. Ewe, yinto indawo kunye nemozulu noko ngqwabalala nokuchuma amahlwempu. A umbuzo eyahlukileyo - yintoni uhlobo lomhlaba ehlathini. Oku emiselwe iimeko zemozulu lommandla. Umhlaba lo eyetundra kunye ihlathi kumathafa bangamahlwempu kakhulu. Kubunzulu ngeesentimitha eziyi-ngaphezu amabini yi glei umaleko womhlaba. Ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo zezityalo ingcambu kubunzulu ngeesentimitha eziyi-ngaphezu mabini kunokwenzeka. Isizathu soku kukungabikho izondlo permafrost kule nwebu.

emathafeni Russian abanye abaphandi ngaphambili bubalelwe ongu- kumathafa okanye hlathi. Kodwa okwangoku kule ndawo kubalaseliswe kwindawo eyahlukileyo. Kwakukho igama eliqhelekileyo - emathafeni. Umhlaba lo mmandla kwabunjwa phantsi kwempembelelo kakhulu kwimozulu Arctic.

Ngexesha kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni ubushushu ifikelela iphezulu ngoJulayi ukuya 10-14 degrees Celsius. Kwiinyanga zasebusika, kuxhomekeka kwindawo kweli lizwekazi, angehla Degrees amane Celsius.

umhlaba amanzi kunye permafrost

Nangona imvula eliphantsi malunga 350 eemilimitha, ogalelwe wethafa Russian. Oku kungenxa umlinganiselo elibi phakathi entry kunye ukufuma ngumphunga. Ukusuka kwishumi ukuya kumashumi amathandathu ekhulwini ndawo ehlanganiswa amachibi nemigxobhozo. Ezi meko luphawulwa kumathafa. Lomhlaba, ngenxa moistening ngokugqithiseleyo nobukho kuphela permafrost ngenxa kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi, yakha umaleko echumayo ngokwaneleyo kade (ngexesha lokusekwa omnye sentimitha ongaphezulu kwama kwekhulu).

Xa siqwalasela iindidi kwimihlaba (itheyibhile eboniswe ngezantsi) of Russia uze uthelekise iqondo wenzala, uba inqanaba eqondakalayo lokuphila ukulima kwiindawo ezithile. Kufuneka wayeqonda ukuba iimeko ezithile zemozulu ukuvumela izinga nokwanda lokuchuma komhlaba zendalo. Chernozemnaya (xa kuthelekiswa ne yommandla kumathafa) umhlaba ngokukhawuleza kwandisa ongaphezulu, malunga 1 sentimitha nganye, iminyaka emakhulu. Eli nani amaxesha 5-10 ngaphezulu kwindawo ehlathini.

uhlaza

Ubukho kohlaza bubonwa kwemozulu kunye nomhlaba lo bommandla. Kwelinye icala, oku yeyona iphambili lwehlabathi isilwanyana. Ityholwana eyetundra nakumahlathi iyohluka, kuxhomekeka ucando. Kwinxalenye yasentshona ezinde ukhulisayo nenomlanga kunye willow subpolar. Lukhula nespruce abamnyama nabamhlophe. On the Kola Peninsula ikhula amade ezinde. E Western eSiberia - fir kunye larch laseSiberia.

Impembelelo amanzi kwimozulu

Imilambo kunye namachibi kufuneka njengesikhuseli nempembelelo ihlathi-kumathafa kwi iimeko zemozulu ezinzima, ngoko utyani umlambo iintlambo kuxhaphake kakhulu. Kule ndawo, "aqhuba kakuhle" emathafeni. Umhlaba kufutshane nemilambo beba ngakumbi. Ukongeza, izihlambo yemilambo ukukhusela izityalo nje yimimoya enamandla.
nakujoliso olutsha ehlathini kwakheka ezinde, nespruce kunye larch. Iintlobo zomhlaba (itheyibhile thaca ngezantsi) zahlukahlukene kakhulu kwaye otyebileyo kufuphi kwemithombo. Imithi azikhuli kakhulu, maxa wambi ubunzima phantsi emhlabeni. In ingafunyanwa kwiindawo phakathi imilambo baphazanyiswa ihlathi inqabe kunye nabameli ezahlukeneyo ulele kunye ubulembu.

Le zezilwanyana yi ezahlukeneyo kwihlathi emathafeni.

eziphilayo

Le yendalo kwizowuni kumathafa zibonakala ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo Lemmings, shrews, iimpungutye, partridges kunye nawo. Emathafeni (uhlobo lomhlaba, kwaye imisela kwezityalo efanelekileyo) ukuba iintlobo ngeentlobo nezamaxhamakazi, umhlaba oxabisekileyo utyani. Inani elikhulu iintaka ezifudukayo, kuquka zasemanzini. Ngoko ke, nangona iimeko ezinzima, ihlathi-Umbala Russian abameli abatyebileyo behlabathi isilwanyana. Lo mmandla eli lizwe libe yindawo ekhethekileyo. Kungokunje, le tundra ihlathi kwilizwe lethu ngenxa becala igcinwe ifomu yayo yasekuqaleni. Isizathu soku ke, kwakhona, iimeko zemozulu ezinzima.

Ukuntsonkotha yokuhlala abantu kule ndawo imisela ezidolophini aphantsi kulo mmandla. Kodwa makhe ithemba lokuba yeyona iphambili iza kuba ukugcinwa wendalo imiqobo intshabalalo yayo, yaye ubuchule kunye ubulumko abantu hayi.