Egiyeni inkulu ehlabathini. Eyona inkulu oyile yokufunxa kwihlabathi

Le Umkhumbi uhlobo olulodwa impahla inqanawa ingatshintshwa apha naphaya ukulungiselela zaselwandle kunye emlanjeni nemizila. izithuthi Water ilungiselelwe nothutho imithwalo emikhulu. Ingeminye owalahlwa zithathwa supertankers olwandle, nto leyo azisetyenziswa kuphela nokuthuthwa ioli, kodwa nangenxa ukugcina yayo.

Enye supertankers ezinkulu

Egiyeni likhulu ihlabathi Sanduluka zeqela 1976. Xa indima owasungula saso nkampani Royal Dutch Shell, kwaye inqanawa ngokwalo igama Batillus. Ngomhla kokwakhiwa isithuthi wamanzi wachitha malunga 70 kweetoni eziliwaka zentsimbi kunye malunga $ 130 million. Ngowe-1973, kwakukho ingxaki oyile ihlabathi, ngenxa apho iindleko izinto ekrwada linyuke kakhulu. Oku kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni unciphiso kakhulu ingeniso. Company creator egiyeni kwafuneka ngenjongo zokumisa ukwakhiwa enqanaweni, kodwa isivumelwano esatyikitywa iminyaka emibini phambi kokuqala ukwakha, andiyi musa ukuvumela nto. Ilungiselelo gap wathembisa iindleko ebonakalayo. Okwangoku, le nqanawa okhuphisanayo kuphela - inqanawe inkulu ehlabathini, inqanawa Knock Nevis.

Ukucacisa isitsha Batillus

Ngoko nangoko emva kokugqitywa inqanawa iyangqinelana umgangatho wobomi babo ubuncinane kuphela: ukuba sele eziphumezile nazo zonke iinqwelo-5 kulo nyaka. Ukususela ngo-1982, ezothutho amanzi ixesha idle bengenanto banokuyenza, kunokuba isetyenziselwa injongo eyenzelwe yona. Ngowe-1982, umnini inqanawa wagqiba ukuyithengisa ezilahliweyo ngexabiso of $ 8 million. isakhiwo egiyeni siquka 40 uhlobo itanki ozimeleyo, iyonke umthamo yayo 677 300 cubic metres. Ngenxa yi uyilo isitya ukungcola i kwiindawo zinokusetyenziswa zokuthuthwa ngaxeshanye iintlobo ezininzi hydrocarbon. Le projekthi kuyayinciphisa ingozi iingozi kunye zibenze kungcoliseko wolwandle. Ilayisha yamafutha inqanawa sikhulu ehlabathini lwaqhutywa iimpompo zine umthamo malunga 24,000 cubic metres ngeyure nganye. Ubude benqanawa ilingana leemitha 414 kunye deadweight (okt umthamo iyonke) obabulingana 550 kweetoni eziliwaka. Kwesona santya siphezulu mayingagqithi amaqhina-16 kwaye ubude moya ngaphandle kokufaka kunye resupply kweentsuku 42. Ulondolozo lencopho uyilo kunye nezityalo ezine ngamandla iingxande iitoni 330 zamafutha ngosuku.

alternation kwizizukulwana

Emva Batillus pyatilopastevymi kunye iinjini amabini 4 umphunga injini amandla 64.800 enjini yayisetyenziswa njengendawo ivenkile ukususela ngo-2004 kwaye lumiswe ngo-2010, indawo Knock Nevis. Phezu imbali yayo, Batillus zatshintsha inani elikhulu yabanini zaguquka izihlandlo ezininzi igama layo yaye isikwe ezilahliweyo yentsimbi igama Mont phantsi kweflegi ye Sierra Leone. Egiyeni yesibini ngobukhulu ehlabathini - Ukubhutyuza Nevis, ulwakhiwo leyo, kanye engaphambili, kwagqitywa ngo-1976. isitya bayo elikhulu ezifunyenwe kweminyaka emithathu kamva, emva kokuba ngokutsha. Ngenxa Ngenxa yotshintsho zidlula ezikufutshane 565 kweetoni eziliwaka. ubude bayo luyanda ukuya kwiimitha ezili-460. 40 abantu - aba belungu bayehluthe kubo. Turbines iinjini egiyeni ekwaziyo ngezantya ukuya ku-13 amaqhina amandla iyonke ngenxa-50 amawaka enjini.

Seawise Giant, okanye imbali isitya Knock Nevis

I-oyile egiyeni inkulu ehlabathini, ulwakhiwo apho lwaqhutywa kwinkulungwane XX, ekuthiwa Seawise Giant. Ukwakhiwa inqanawa yaqala phambi kweminyaka yobudala kukuvela zidlula kabini-ubuthwele. Okwangoku, inqanawa unique ayikho. Naye, ngokutsho iingcali, uya kukwazi ukukhuphisana izixeko ezidadayo kuphela izindlu, ii-ofisi kunye neeprojekthi zezibonelelo epheleleyo nje eqala ukuba kuqwalaselwa ziingcali. Ukwakhiwa isitya yaqala ngo-1976. Ekuqaleni, kwakubonakala kumkhawulela deadweight iitoni 480.000 ka, kodwa emva kokuba imilinganiselo ye magnate umnini yokuqala Tung wagqiba ukwandisa amandla ayo ukuya kwiitoni 564.763. Inqanawa yaphehlelelwa ngowama-1981 kwaye injongo yayo ephambili ukuthutha oli ekrwada ukusuka neenkalo kwi Gulf of Mexico. oyile inqanawa kamva tranportiroval Iran. Ngexesha elinye moya sele izikhukhula Gulf.

magic imvuselelo

I-oyile egiyeni inkulu ehlabathini ekuthiwa Seawise Giant wavuswa emgangathweni olwandle kufutshane Kharg siqithi ngo-1988 ngu yokwakhela Keppel zalapho. Umnini olutsha inqanawa leyo nkampani Norman International, nto leyo ichithwa ekubuyiselweni wenqanawa iitoni 3700 ngentsimbi. Sele wayibuyisela isitya kwakhona watshintsha ubunini kwaye waba kubizwa ngokuba Jahre Viking. Ngo March 2004, amalungelo ubunini kuyo batshintshelwa inkampani First ekusen zidlula apho, nto leyo ngenxa yobudala omkhulu eyilwe ngayo zatshintshwa FSO - Incopho oluxandileyo, isetyenziswa kuphela xa kulayishwa kunye nokugcinwa hydrocarbon kwi shipyards of Dubai. Emva kokulungiswa egiyeni fumene igama ibibhutyuzwe Nevis, phantsi apho yena amkelekileyo eyaziwa ngokuba isiphawuli inqanawa ehlabathini. Emva kokuba zokuthiywa wokugqibela inqanawa njengoko FSO ukuba mfutho emanzini entsimini Qatar Al Hanshin.

Imilinganiselo egiyeni Knock Nevis

Egiyeni inkulu ehlabathini kwathiwa Knock Nevis. Waba uhlobo imveliso revolution kwezobuchwepheshe. Njengenxalenye uyilo esetyenziswa kwindlela igobhogobho girder longitudinal, nabo bonke add-in aba nangasemva. Loko sasetyenziswa kuqala zidlula Wahlanganisa iwelding. Xa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo ubukho kwalo kuye kwaziwa ngokuba itanki Jahre Viking and Happy Giant, Seawise Giant kunye Knock Nevis. Ubude bayo kweemitha 458,45. Kuba umva ngokupheleleyo isithuba inqanawa ezifunekayo kwi km 2 uncedise aze amtsalele kuye. Imilinganiso ezinqamlezayo ka-68,8 yeemitha zothutho amanzi, elivumelana nobubanzi nebala lebhola ekhatywayo. Ukuma eliphezulu isikhephe ukwamkela ngokulula zebhola 5.5. Egiyeni liyasuswa fleet kaJanuwari 1, 2010, ekubeni yena waba okhuphisana Ufanele nje kuphela, kodwa umzekelo elula.

Eyona inkulu LNG yokufunxa kwihlabathi

I-LNG Imoto nqanawa inkulu kucingwa ukuba igama Mozah, leyo wafakwa ukusebenza kubathengi ngo-2008. Ngexesha ulwakhiwo yokwakhela ka Samsung zasetyenziselwa Qatar Gas Transport Inkampani. Ngenxa amashumi amathathu, ethwala LNG kunye nokungaxhotyiswa kwe 140.000 cubic metres irhasi yohlobo lwepetroliyam. Mozah isigebenga waphula zonke iirekhodi kunye umlinganiselo umthamo 266 lamawaka cubic metres. Le ncwadi olwaneleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke loo mini ukunika ubushushu nombane yonke kummandla eNgilani. Deadweight ingqamana 125 600 tonnes. Ubude bayo ngu 345, yaye ububanzi - 50m. Draft --12 leemitha. Umgama ukusuka zikhangeleke ukuya ilori ingqamana ukuphakama amafu ezinemigangatho-20. Ufakelo esakhiweni yokufunxa yabonelelwa yokunyibilika negesi, nto leyo enciphisa amavumba eziyingozi kwaye phantse ishenxisa amathuba engozi, nokunika nekhulu ukhuseleko ekhulwini umthwalo. Kucetywa ukuba yakhiwe kwaye ngomhla zonke iinqanawa 14 manqaku.

Le avuzayo kunazo zonke ezake

Egiyeni inkulu ehlabathini - Chinese. Njengoko utshintsho kwizizukulwana watshintsha isitya, leyo ngoku lulahliwe, yahlala lizwe lokuzalwa.

Designs ULCC iklasi, ngubani likwazile ukugqitha uphawu 500,000 dwt, kukho kuphela 6:

• Battilus ne deadweight 553,662. Ixesha 1976-1985 kunye neminyaka.
• Bellamya kunye deadweight ka-553,662, hlola neelwandle ukususela 1976 ukuya 1986.
• UPierre Guillaumat, yakhiwa ngo-1977 kwaye lwapheliswa ngo-1983.
• Esso Atlantic kunye deadweight ka 516.000 kunye nobude ubukho ukususela ngowe-1977 ukuya 2002.
• Esso Pacific (iitoni 516,000). Indlela yokuqhuba ishishini ixesha - ukususela ngowe-1977 ukuya 2002.
• Prairial (iitoni 554,974). Yakhelwe-1979, zisuswe moya ngo-2003.