Ankara kunye Istanbul ikomkhulu Turkey? Ikomkhulu Turkey ngoku

"Ankara kunye Istanbul ikomkhulu Turkey?" - uyazibuza abakhenkethi abaninzi bezinye iintlanga. Kwaye bamangaliswa kakhulu xa besiva ukuba le dolophu eziphambili ebekwe kwenye indawo kwi kumntla-ntshona weli lizwe. Yintoni eyenza abantu bacinge ukuba ikomkhulu Istanbul? Mhlawumbi series ivuso "Zobungangamela Century", eyayi- apho etha malunga izenzakalo entsapho Ottoman Sultan Suleiman Qanooni (fair). Ewe, umzi kwi Golden Horn elikomkhulu. Waye endleleni, hayi nje kuphela kweli xesha umthunyelwa मेसेजिंग. And Ankara? Nokuba i "isakhiwo esitsha", yithini, ikomkhulu Kazakh of Astana? Ngomhla izenzakalo bayahlelwa izixeko ezibini, ukufunda eli nqaku.

Istanbul base

Imbeko lwesithuba "ilitye yokuqala" esixekweni bobabo ukuya kufika zamaGrike. Ngo-658 BC. e. beza bevela Megara nisekelwe ukuhlala kwisiqithi encinane, edulusele phakathi kuLwandle Marmara kunye Golden Horn. umzi wabo ogama lakhe behlonipha yinkokeli yoBukhosi baseByzantium. I indawo evumayo geographical, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukulawula esi sicatshulwa Unjengeenqanawa kuLwandle Marmara ukuya kuLwandle Olumnyama umva, wanceda ekuncedeni abantu, uphuhliso zobugcisa kunye norhwebo. City of Byzantium - ikomkhulu elizayo Turkey Istanbul - liye ngokukhawuleza abe ngomnye umzi ezinkulu zamaGrike. Ngowe-'74 BC. e. Asia Minor woyisa eRoma. City, ogama intsimi kudala wanatyiselwa kude ngaphaya siqithi yokuqala, baqhubeka nokwanda. Kodwa ke ayehlasela bakhona, ezaba ekuqaleni kwesiphelo uBukhosi baseRoma, ihlunguzela impilo-ntle yabahlali kunye Byzantium. Ngu AD ngenkulungwane yesithathu, isixeko yawela ukwehla.

zakudala Ankara

Ukuba umbuza isixeko samandulo - Byzantium okanye Angira (enjalo igama yangaphambili kwekomkhulu Turkey), kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba zombini sixeko mihla zavela malunga nelo xesha, ngenkulungwane VII BC, kodwa Ankara inento ube muhle Istanbul . Hayi kude kuba sisixeko unique Neolithic Çatalhöyük. Nkqu yanamhlanje Ankara ngenkulungwane XI (elide ngaphambi kokufika bezithanga ngesiGrike) Kwakukho inqaba, obengowabaya links kwikhonkco ngoyaba ka umHeti yempucuko. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, igama lesiGrike eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "Angira" bubonakala "ankile." Kutheni isimboli inqanawa komzi, kude elwandle? Angira elele ekwahlukaneni kweendlela ezininzi kokuxhuma Asia Minor ukuya eYurophu Afrika. Ngenxa kwisikhundla esihle idolophu rhoqo kwethagethi bahlaselwe. It owned amaPersi, saseFrigiya, Celtic. A umfutho eyodwa kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho usinike yoyiswe wamaRoma. Augustus wakha apha yokuhlala lempepho. E Angira, njengoko eseByzantium yamandulo, kukho inzuzo impucuko, njengoko ugutyulo, ubonelelo lwamanzi, izibane ezitalatweni, kuba umyalelo zilandelayo inkonzo yomlilo kunye namapolisa.

amaxesha ukubola

Inxalenye nempuma yeli olukhulu Emphaya yamaRoma awuchaphazelekanga yi kuhlaselo lwemimandla bakhona, ngaphezu Koloni. Ngoko ke, inzalelwane Trier (namhlanje Germany) uKonstantin Veliky ngo-324 bagqiba ukuba ikomkhulu karhulumente kwabo Byzantium. Ukuze ukuba kukho ukwehla yesixeko obabulingana kwimigangatho eyinkunzi, umlawuli waqalisa ukwakhiwa ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Watshayelela kwirhafu okwenzelwa abemi abasuka kwamanye bakuthathe - iingcibi kunye nabathengisi. Kwiminyaka emithandathu, indawo isixeko liye landa nge izihlandlo eziliqela. Kakade ke, yena lilincinane kwe Ankara elisetyenziswayo lomqhubekisi phambili okanye Istanbul. Ikomkhulu Turkey ngelo xesha kwakukho idolophu encinane. Kodwa Byzantium leyo igama Constantine Entsha yachuma. Mbusi kakhulu wayefuna ukuba ikomkhulu ngaphezu obutofotofo alo City obunguNaphakade. Ukongeza izibonelelo koosomashishini, wababela ukusuka ebuncwaneni isonka, namafutha omnquma, kufuneka amafutha. NeAtene,-Efese, eKorinte, eRoma Entsha bamenyelwa abakroli kunye ngabapeyinti, bezakhiwo kunye nabefundisi.

kumaxesha aseByzantium

Igama babanjwa, yaye emva kokufa komlawuli umzi owathiywa igama eConstantinople. Yaba sixeko yokwenene kumaXesha Aphakathi ekuqaleni. Apha kwaziswa esele abangcwele umxhasi, iitempile wakha yeyokukhulisa, ezibhateni, amaqula, i inkundla. City, ibekwe phantsi ukusekelwa kaMariya, yanamazibuko zorhwebo kunye nomkhosi eziliqela. Emva kokuwa lokugqibela uBukhosi baseRoma, eConstantinople saba likomkhulu ngurhulumente omtsha - Byzantium. Eli lizwe enamandla, nto leyo ekhokelwa basileis kudlulela phambili kakhulu Turkey yangoku. Capital (Imephu baseByzantium Empire nto ibonisa) ngoko phantse kumbindi weli lizwe. Sekunjalo uyandiswa impembelelo yokomoya waseByzantium. weza lenqaba Religion izizwe kuthi khona. Kwakunye oonobumba - oonobumba Cyrillic. Kodwa eConstantinople (ekuthiwa-nokuxubana eConstantinople) wahlaselwa amaphulo zomkhosi. Kahle waphupha ookumkani West, Omnqamlezo, nokuxubana, Huns, namaPersi, Avars, Arabhu Pechenegs.

Ankara ngamaxesha Byzantine

Luks kunye nobuhle ubukhosi enkulu nangona ngokungathanga ngqo, kodwa sichaphazele ummelwane kwimpuma kaConstantinople - a Angira okulula. Kwesi sixeko wadlula indlela kubalulekile ukuze eMpuma, ukuya Asia. Kuba ukulawula "Silk Road" balwa Arabhu Crusaders. Ngenxa buthathaka baseByzantium Empire, Ankara - elikomkhulu Turkey kwixesha elizayo - ocande ilifa Seljuks. Oku kwenzeka emva kokuba Malazgitskoy idabi ngo 1073. Ukuba isixeko ayinayo Seljuks wawa azisalungiseki. Kodwa apha kwi imeko zembali wabonakala nabaseTurkey. Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XV-mkhosi phantsi umyalelo Sultan Bayezid ndalwa Idabi Ankara nomkhosi Timur kaThixo. Le dolophu kunye eyingqongileyo kuphazamisekile kanobom. Noko ke, amajoni Sultan kule dabi boyiswa, waza yena wasiwa banjwa.

ngekhulu omangalisayo

kwiminyaka 561 eyadlulayo, May 29, 1453, eConstantinople wathathwa yi umkhosi Mehmed II Fatih (koloyiso). Constantine XI Palaeologus, i Basileus lokugqibela, wabulawa emfazweni. Yaphela kanjalo imbali kunyaka-1,100 ngaphezu yoBukhosi baseByzantium. EConstantinople labizwa Istanbul. "Sublime nasePorte" (bexesha ekuthiwa Ottoman of baseTurkey), wathabatha ilifa le amathuba ezoqoqosho, uye waba ngomnye wabadlali abadumileyo kwi kwezopolitiko zehlabathi. Phambi Mehmed Fatih wayengenguye umbuzo - Ankara okanye Istanbul. Le elikomkhulu Turkish Ottoman kwafuneka soyise ubungqola iziyolo angaphandle loonozakuzaku kunye ibonwe. Oku apha kwakhiwa zamaSilamsi amakhulu kunye; Kakade ke, Sultan kaThixo Topkapi Palace.

Ankara phakathi Ottoman

Ikomkhulu ekhoyo Turkey phambi kokuwa kweConstantinople bafudukela kuqala Seljuks, uze emva koko nabaseTurkey. Esi sixeko thafa lia kudala ibihlaba ubomi kwesekupheleni elikude. Ndikunye IX VI ubudala (naxa bazilevs aseByzantium) yakhiwa umsesane mbini iindonga kwinqaba iShushan ukuzithethelela. capital Turkey i-Istanbul kunxibelelene kunye norhwebo indlela Ankara. Ngoko ke, lo mzi yephondo yayingekho chweba. Apho zamaSilamsi Kwakhiwa - ezinye ngqo ngokwesiseko amabandla zamaKristu, nto leyo, wamiswa kwisiza iitempile zobuhedeni. Esi sakhiwo indala Islamic e Ankara ingqalelo Hadzhibayram Mosque, elakhiwa ngenkulungwane XV kwi emanxuweni endlwini eSt Augustine, kunye Roma. Esi sakhiwo zonqulo nangoku yenza imisebenzi yayo. Ngaphakathi engcwabeni Haji Bayram, ongcwele kunye umseki komyalelo emishini, owafa ngowe-1430.

Ankara - ikomkhulu Turkey

Xa 18-19 Kwiinkulungwane th, Ottoman uBukhosi, buthathaka iimfazwe rhoqo, wangena ukuhla. Naxa kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, Turkey ligqibe ukuxhasa iJamani - kwaye isiphumo wahlulwe ngayo ubukrakra kuba bengaphumelelanga. Ngoko ke, ngo-1918, Istanbul waxineka ngumkhosi French, i-UK neGrisi. Kodwa kungekudala emva kokuba umzabalazo inkululeko, ihlabathi iye yayiqwalasela ulongamo Turkey. Ngowe-1923, inkokeli Mustafa Kemal Ataturk wavakalisa ukubhukuqwa ukumkani kunye nemfundo. Wayefuna ukuba kude ngokwalo kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukusuka 'sultan "ka-Istanbul, ingakumbi ekubeni kwakukho abaxhasi amaninzi umbuso endala. Ukongeza, Atatürk wayefuna ukuhamba ikomkhulu ngaphandle 'umgca yemisebenzi emkhosini. " Ankara akhethwe ngengozi. Le dolophu sekusondele kakhulu Istanbul, nayo iye yahlanganiswa kuye kaloliwe. Kodwa ikomkhulu omtsha Turkey (iifoto ezo leminyaka ubungqina obungenakuphikiswa) i chweba epheleleyo. Umzi lowo abalekayo amanzi, izibane, umjelo. Oonozakuzaku rhabaxa wakhankanya ukuba namaesile abotshelelweyo ku ubuPhathiswa trellis window yelizwe Wezangaphandle.

Ikomkhulu Turkey ngoku

Ataturk iqashiso esityalwe ukwakhiwa kunye nophuhliso umzi. Ngoku multi-million ingumasipala. Le ingaka ibatsalayo engundoqo Ankara yamangcwaba of yinkokheli yesizwe Ataturk. Okulandelayo ukuba izakhiwo ezintsha apha adjoin kwizitrato ezincinane aphakathi kunye neemosque yamandulo. Kodwa akwamanye ezininzi kunye izakhiwo zikarhulumente silahle konke amathandabuzo eliza umzi - Ankara okanye Istanbul - elikomkhulu Turkey.