Iintlobo zokuhlala eRashiya. Eyona eziphambili ze zokuhlala zasemaphandleni

Russia phakathi kwamazwe top alishumi ngokubhekiselele kubemi. Idatha evela kubalo wokugqibela, nto leyo lwaqhutywa ngo-2010, abonisa ukuba ngaphezu kwe-142 abantu abahlala kwelo lizwe.

Ulungelelwano yokuhlala indawo yabantu ukwakha zokuhlala. eziphambili ze zabo zimelwe eRashiya - isixeko, idolophu encinane, kwilali, ilali, ilali, Hamlet, ilali. Formation of zokuhlala ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. zokuhlala Primary kuvela kwimimandla nemiqathango kuFeliks zemozulu isiqabu, amandla ezoshishino noqoqosho.

Russia - ilizwe kunye nemozulu ngokwanelisayo ezimaxongo ngokuqinisekileyo kakhulu kuchaphazela ukuyilwa kwenkqubo zokuhlala. Le ndawo enabantu abaninzi le Russian Federation na indawo ephakathi.

Enye into echaphazela le ndawo, uthathwa amathuba woshishino imimandla. Ngenxa yokuba zezimbiwa ephambili eRussia endaweni yayo emantla, le nxalenye eli lizwe - imimandla kuphuhliswa kakhulu namuhla kunye eliphezulu ukwanda kwabantu.

Cinga kwiindidi zokuhlala kwi Russian Federation.

Iidolophu needolophana

Ziziphi iindlela zokuhlala na? Zonke iindawo kwi Russian Federation zahlulwe zibe emaphandleni nasezidolophini, nto leyo ibonisa uhlobo ephambili yengqesho zabantu.

Inani labemi lubalaseleyo Russian uhlala esixekweni. Le nyaniso achaze izizathu ezentlalo eziphathekayo. Cities bamhlophe amaziko impucuko kunye nezibonelelo eziphuhlileyo, ukufumaneka kwezibonelelo zenkcubeko nezentlalo, ukhululeke ngakumbi, kunokuba iimeko emaphandleni. Ezi zizathu ukuba imfuduko emaphandleni ekutshabalaleni kunye phantse kude kweendawo ezincinane ezisemaphandleni.

Le nkqubo imizi ubuntloko kwiilali ekuthiwa ezidolophini. isixeko Primary eRashiya kwiziko kwezoshishino evunyelwa ukuba isinde abalimi yindlala. Uphuhliso kula maziko kukhokelele ekubeni ukwanda lwabo kwaye ngenxa yoko, ukwandisa inani abahlala kuzo. Namhlanje,-iikota ezintathu labemi beli lizwe uhlala ezidolophini.

Ulwahlulo eliyintloko ibonisa iintlobo zokuhlala yi kucalulo enxulumene labantu.

Iimpawu imizi labantu

Inani lilonke izixeko needolophu eRashiya, izihloko ngaphezulu kwama-2000, apho izixeko eziliwaka elinamakhulu elinye ngaphezu kwamawaka amabini ezilokishini. Kuba izixeko Russian ziindawo, inani labantu abahlala apho hayi ngaphantsi kwe elinambini lamawaka abantu, ngaye ngaphezulu kwama-90 ekhulwini benza kumacandelo emveliso, ezentlalo kunye nenkonzo.

EMoscow - isixeko ephambili Russian Federation, ikomkhulu yayo, apho ngaphezu kwezigidi ezili-10 zabantu.

Labemi likuvumela ukwahlula isixeko ngeentlobo zilandelayo zokuhlala:

• isixeko Extra-esikhulu, okanye isixeko labantu, laso lidlula million ezintathu. ERashiya, le mizi-2 - Moscow St Petersburg.
• Esi sixeko sikhulu enabantu phakathi konyaka omnye amathathu ezigidi. ERashiya, 13 imizi elinabemi uluhlu wabhengeza, kuquka Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, eOmsk, Rostov-on-Don, Ufa.
• sixeko sikhulu, ogama bahlanganisa ezingamakhulu amabini anamashumi amahlanu amawaka ukuya kwesigidi. In Russia kukho imizi angaphezu kwamashumi amane.
• imizi Big, apho inani labantu abahlala yahluka kwisithuba ezilikhulu ukuya amabini anamashumi amahlanu amawaka. Eli lizwe Inani labo idlulile amashumi asithoba.
• imizi Medium-ertyisi, apho ubomi amahlanu ananye ezilikhulu lamawaka. Inani labo ngaphaya ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu.
• Iidolophu ezincinane needolophana, abemi apho ayidluli abantu amawaka mahlanu.

Ukukhula okukhulu kakhulu labantu luyenzeka izixeko needolophu ezinkulu ngenxa inkqubela yabo kwezoshishino kunye noqoqosho.

agglomeration ezisezidolophini

Ukuthetha malunga neentlobo zokuhlala ezidolophini ka-Russia, kuyimfuneko ukuba zihlale phezu ingqiqo ka "agglomeration ezidolophini". Phantsi kwale nto ithetha intsebenziswano usondele kwizixeko ezinkulu isixeko eliphakathi-ertyisi, leyo Simanywe yabasebenzi, zeziseko, ezoshishino kunye nezinye iintlobo obuchopho.

Le mizi naphakathi babebizwa izixeko satellite. iidolophu satellite ukunciphisa lexinene labemi kwi enkulu.

Into ebalulekileyo igalelo kukuvela agglomerations luya kuphuhliswa imidibaniso zothutho phakathi imizi. Iidolophu satellite Russian kwasekwa Kuibyshev, eMoscow, eSt Petersburg.

Kolimo agglomerations mega kwakheka. Le megalopolises Russian ke ayakhekanga namhlanje.

Iimpawu emizi qho noshowo

Isakhiwo Territorial of Russia ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe ezi ntlobo ezidolophini: federal, wenqila (.. Regional, yengingqi, republic, njalo njalo) kunye kwinqanaba lesithili.

RF siseko uchaza isixeko isixeko yase eMoscow, eSt Petersburg Sevastopol.

Izixeko ezibaluleke akwingingqi ingqalelo iidolophu benzela iziko kwezoqoqosho kunye nenkcubeko, esibonakala neshishini lophuhliso kwaye inani labemi okanye abantu abangaphezulu amathathu amawaka abantu.

Noko ke, izalathisi ubuninzi yabantu imizi hayi ngokupheleleyo, ukuba kungenzeka ephambili. bemfuno kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba zokuhlela imizi imizi ngokubaluleka zommandla zingathathwa ngokuba intsebenzo yabo kwezentlalo, kwezoqoqosho, impumelelo kwiinkalo zentlalo nenkcubeko, ukohluka zembali, izicwangciso zexesha elide ukwandisa ukukhula kwabemi kunye nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho. Ukongeza kule milinganiselo elapha ngasentla, ukuba ngokweendidi imizi emizini ngokubaluleka lwengingqi kwaye kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo umzi kunye nesakhiwo yesithili.

Iimfuneko inani labahlali emizini kubaluleke zesithili ngamnye kwisifundo ngasinye se-Russian Federation. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi ziquka zokuhlala ezidolophini elinabemi ngaphakathi amawaka mahlanu. Ngomhla kummandla nasemzini wakhe kukho izinto eziluncedo kushishino-ziphuhliswe, ngokubonelela ngeenkonzo zemfundo, amaziko ezonyango kunye nezorhwebo, ngokunjalo namaziko enkcubeko.

Iimpawu emizi qho ezisebenzayo

Le typology ilandelayo kwiindidi zokuhlala kwabantu iquka kwisahlulo labo, nto leyo esekelwe ephunyeziweyo imisebenzi umzi. Ukuba ezo zinto ziquka: ezopolitiko kunye nolawulo, mveliso, ezothutho, urhwebo, lwezenzululwazi, emkhosini, yolonwabo (qete) function. Kuxhomekeka inani imisebenzi yenziwe yi umzi zahlulwe zibe monofunctional kunye nemiba ngemiba yezemfundo.

Iimpawu emizi kwimeko yezoqoqosho kunye neendawo

Kwakhona unika izixeko grading kwiindidi zokuhlala kwi imeko yabo yezoqoqosho neendawo:

• sise zezimbiwa;
• enxulumene nezibonelelo kaloliwe;
• port;
• mveliso kunye zokuhamba.

zokuhlala ezidolophini

EsiPhakathi phakathi kwimimandla yasezidolophini neyasemaphandleni eRashiya yi-type yedolophu zokuhlala. Le eliphakathi unefuthe inani lamalungu zokuhlala ezifana, kwakunye phezu nakubungakanani bengqesho.

Iyonke zokuhlala ezidolophini kwi-Russian Federation ngaphezu kweeyunithi 1200. Inani abahlala ematyotyombeni ezo eziqalela elinesibini ezimbalwa ukuya amawaka. I-Uhlobo zasezidolophini iindawo ezinkulu eRashiya waqonda kwilali Ordzhonikidzevskya, apho ngaphezulu kwe-64 amawaka abantu.

Kukho zenyathi ezininzi iilali ezidolophini, ezithi zibekwe ngaphandle komzi. zokuhlala abanjalo: zokuhlala abasebenzi, apho amaziko zoshishino (elinabantu malunga namawaka amathathu abantu); iilali holiday (abemi ukuya kubantu amawaka amabini); zokuhlala ezisezidolophini ukongezwa.

zokuhlala zasemaphandleni ezichatshazelwe kakhulu ngokubanzi zimelwe eRashiya. imali sabo setotali idlula 150 amawaka. Ikota kwezi ngongoma kunganxulunyaniswa le inabantu, abantu ngaphantsi kwe-10 abahlala kuzo.

Nangona imali ethe nto kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, inani abahlala kuzo encinane ngaphezu amabini ekhulwini labantu bebonke Russian.

Le meko zinje kungenxa umgangatho ophantsi lokuphila kule lali, izixhobo zalo buthathaka zeteknoloji, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba imfuduko emizini.

Iintlobo zokuhlala kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, ngokuxhomekeke abemi zabo zihlelwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Ezinkulu, enabantu abangaphezu kwama amawaka amahlanu.
• Ezinkulu, enabantu ukuya kumawaka amahlanu.
• Umyinge enabantu phakathi amabini anamanci - nye amawaka abantu.
• Small elinabemi abantu ezimakhulu mabini.

Eyona eziphambili ze zokuhlala ezisemaphandleni, thaca eRashiya

• Kwilali - place enkulu apho kukho okanye kanye nje ibandla. Yena lisebenza njengeziko yasekuhlaleni.
• Kwilali - place encinane, nto leyo eye ngokwembali ukuba akukho ibandla.
• Village - uhlobo olutsha zokuhlala zasemaphandleni, apho kwavela ngemihla eSoviet Union.
• Ngosungulo - zokuhlala, nto leyo emele abantu bohlanga: Circassian, Abaza kunye Nogai.
• Farm - zokuhlala kunye ifama ngamnye, equka izakhiwo, inani apho ayidluli 10.
• Village - kwilali wambumba Cossack. Le lali inkulu lizwe - Kanevskaya Krasnodar Territory, abemi bayo - abantu abamalunga nama-45 amawaka.

Iintlobo zokuhlala kwasekwa eRashiya iminyaka emininzi. Umbutho zokuhlala iphenjelelwa ngamandla yimiba zendalo zemozulu. Agriculture - uhlobo ephambili yengqesho labantu abahlala ezilalini namhlanje. iimeko zemozulu sisihle zidlala indima enkulu apha.

Sisazi ukuba uninzi iMono-functional ilali, namhlanje iintlobo eziphambili zokuhlala - mzi.

Ngamafuphi

Kokuba esithathele ingqalelo othi "Yintoni iindidi zokuhlala kwakheka kwi kummandla Russian Federation", sinokugqiba kwelokuba nangokobungakanani koyisa kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, kodwa ingxinano ezidolophini kwabantu iphezulu kakhulu.