Amatanki, nto leyo ukhuselo esebenzayo. itanki isikrweqe esebenzayo: umgaqo amanyathelo. Ukusungulwa isikrweqe esebenzayo

Kodwa kweli nqaku siza kujonga oko isikrweqe esebenzayo. Qaphela - isihloko kakhulu umdla yaye kuyimfuneko. Ngenxa yoko, le nkqubo yokhuseleko esebenzayo i zikhali ezithile ukudubula, liqhagamshelaniswe nefowni radar yempembelelo yasekuhlaleni. Le nkqubo ibekwe kwiitanki.

Ukuba itanki, umzekelo, T-72 ngezakhe esebenzayo efumaneka sisondela koku nenqaba (iziqhushumbisi antitank sokuqhumisa, kwaye ezifana), wenza projectile ukuba xa efika edubulayo isixhobo esiyingozi. Kuqhubeka ntoni? ilifu esonka kobutyobo okanye atshabalalise okanye kakhulu buthathaka isiphumo besixhobo esiyingozi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izazinzulu kwakhona zenzelwe izixhobo zokusebenza amaxabiso zokhuselo ngaphandle kwesidingo kuqaliso.

Kule Russian Federation

Njani isikrweqe esebenzayo yitanki? Yena laphuhlisa laze lamilisela abenzi iingalo Soviet. Ingcamango ukhuseleko olusebenzayo lwezithuthi kaloliwe okokuqala wabhengezwa ngo-kwenye Tula Design Bureau, malunga-1950. Onesethi yokuqala kwamamdla ezintsha "Drozd" sele ifakiwe kwi-T-55AD, abafumene umkhosi ngo-1983.

Ngokubanzi, "Iyeza" - lelokuqala ehlabathini loyilo, ukwamkela kunye nobunzima-isivuno. ukusebenza kwayo wavunyelwa ukuba usebenzise itanki ngaphandle kwemiqathango.

Phela, isikrweqe esebenzayo kakhulu (kabini okanye ngaphezulu) kwandisa Anaki zentsimbi unyamezelo.

Ngowe-1980, le nkqubo "Blackbird" yaye yala maxesha kwaye wafumana index "Drozd-2." Noko ke, luphuhliswe ukhuselo esebenzayo "Arena", kodwa ngenxa ekuweni elalisakuba yiSoviet Union, akazange aye kungena kuthotho kwakunye ezintsonkothileyo ukulungiswa.

Ukuveliswa isikrweqe esebenzayo "Arena" igalelo ngesisombululo ezinye iingxaki. Umzekelo, ngaphambili xa yokonakalisa warhead elihlaselayo nomkhosi namaqhekeza ayo nqa iziqhushumbisi izidubuli okanye ATGMs imijukujelwa interceptor. Ngoku, usasazeko amaqhekeza (phezulu ukuya ezantsi) kunye umendo intshukumo kweyunithi yokhuselo ibalwa ukuze ecaleni ngokupheleleyo ummandla rhoqo intshabalalo kwaye ngaxeshanye ukuqinisekisa ukutshatyalaliswa ngokuhlasela imijukujelwa.

Namhlanje eqongeni "Armata" imisebenzi Kolomenskoye KBM KAZ. Iingcali basebenza nzima phezu isakhiwo "Afghani". Ibali uya kufana kuyilo kumafa sayo iya kuba radar ezinga- uluhlu, kwaye ngokweenjongo kwii iza kusetyenziswa penetrator explosively ukusekwa endaweni zemveli flow ukuqhekeka komhlaba.

Trappable ekujoliswe kubonakala ukuba ihamba ngesantya esiphezulu of 1700 m / s.

uphuhliso phesheya

Yaye ziziphi ezinye kumazwe aphuhlileyo isikrweqe esebenzayo yitanki? Idale eFransi, eUnited States, Germany noSirayeli. Kodwa eSoviet Union ngesiquphe ziwile, yaye zonke ezi nzame baye balahlekelwa ukufaneleka kwabo. Ukongeza, uhlahlo zomkhosi ziye zancitshiswa, yaye oku kwakhokelela kwimingcwabo ezininzi iiprojekthi ezizodwa.

Sinako Sizakukhankanya kuphela ngaphandle omnye - "Barrier" inkqubo Ukrainian. Ukuba kuziswa kwinqanaba iisampuli ezikhoyo. Kakade ke, uyilo akakafiki wakwazi Apreli 2010 kwathi iimvavanyo karhulumente, uye inkonzo yomkhosi Ukrainian, kodwa luyakhuthazwa kakhulu kumazwe angaphandle.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, nendlela isikrweqe esebenzayo? Umzekelo, "Barrier" esimbaxa iimpawu ukwazi - ezase enomjukujelwa zange umva ngomlilo, ukungasebenzi ngqo phezu komhlaba ibutho. Kwakhona, ngokutsho ababhekisi phambili, yagqiba umbuzo ibiya ezase, Isiphango phezulu. Ngaphezu koko, phantsi kwempembelelo ukuhamba echeloned lokwahlulwa detonation wave kunye ezase metal nonperforated (BOPS) ukutshintsha indlela yabo. Bona mhlawumbi ukuhlangabezana ukubhukisha ezingundoqo phantsi angle ntle, okanye yiya ngaphandle kummandla wasikhusela into. Kuyinto le bokuqonda kwale nkqubo obekwe kwi udidi ndlela yokuzikhusela.

Xa kukho isikrweqe esebenzayo, siya ukubheka phambili, kwaye ngoku vula ingqalelo yethu ukuya eNtshona. Ngowe-2004-2006, kwaphucula uphuhliso lweenkqubo zokhuseleko esebenzayo yaqala kumazwe aseNtshona. BaseMelika olukhawulezisiweyo uphuhliso lweenkqubo ezinjalo: kwakufuneka ukuba lilwe bombardment rhoqo columns yamajoni RPG-7 ngo-Iraq. Ukongeza, imfazwe yesibini Lebanese kunye kanzulu usebenzisa sokuqhumisa izindululi ATGM kunye luvo oniwe ubunkokheli US.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba inkqubo Melika Quick Kill ifuna ukuphuculwa ochukumisa ngakumbi, kwaSirayeli, sele kwi Trophy kunye nentsimbi ngenqindi esebenzayo. Xa imfazwe yaphela ngo-2006, iingcali uyibeke ukuxhobisa itanki "Merkava-4" inkqubo yokhuseleko asebenzayo (KAZ) "Trophy" (imveliso kaSirayeli). Le nkqubo iyakwazi kutshabalalisa imijukujelwa ezisongela imoto ATRA / RPG. Kungenxa yoko le nto Mk.4 nguye MBT lokuqala amazwe kunye KAZ.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iitanki lokuqala ukhuselo esebenzayo wamiswa nje ngenxa yokunqongophala kwenkxaso-mali. Imveliso Uthotho of "The Iron sondo", exhobele KAZ "Trophy" lithetha "Merkava Mk.4M», yaqala kwiinyanga yokugqibela ka-2008. Kwaye ngo-2009, baza baqala ukungena emkhosini.

Ngokubanzi, ukohluka yodederhu kaSirayeli yeyona kugesi oluzenzekelayo. Ukongeza, oku kuchaphazela izinto ezininzi.

iingxaki

Abaninzi bathi xa kukho iintonga itanki esebenzayo, kuya kuba ophumeleleyo kuzo naziphi na iinguqu. Ke zonke iinkqubo yokhuseleko kufuneka iintsilelo eqhelekileyo. Akucacanga indlela sakhiwo siza kusebenza kwi ukukhatywa umxhelo. Abaninzi ATGM (umzekelo, FGM-148 intshuntshe) eyele eluphahleni itanki, ngokudlulisela lokubiyela ezikhuselweyo. An dubulo nje iimitha ezimbalwa ukusuka kwi "Intsimbi Giant" linokukwenzakalisa izixhobo kubekwa phezu kwendlu. Ngokuqinisekileyo ezisilelayo kunye nenkqubo yokhuselo.

Kwakhona, kunye nokusebenza sokugqibela isixhobo akukho mfuneko kugesi likhusela ngokuchaseneyo kuhlaselo ezininzi kwicala elinye. Kuyinto kuthathelwa ingqalelo kuphuhliso RPG-30 kulo msebenzi, nee-warhead phambili, nto leyo yenza ukusebenza isixhobo ukhuseleko kumgama ekhuselekileyo sokuqhumisa lovukelo.

T-62

Kwaye makhe sibone ukuba itanki T-62 ngezakhe esebenzayo? Ngokubanzi, i-T-62 ( "Unqontsonqa 166") - i-avareji itanki eSoviet. It yenzelwe ngokusekelwe tank T-55. Yenziwe kwi-USSR 1961 ukuya 1975. imoto yokuqala wehlabathi kunye umpu ogudileyo-wamzalela kunye bodidi ka-115 mm kunye nobunzima itanki medium kunye kwinqanaba eliphezulu ubhukisho (ingqiqo bomashini basic military training).

History of indalo

Ngomhla iingalo yiSoviet Union kwi-1950 yaba T-54/55 - itanki engundoqo medium. Lo matshini sele Iphuculwa, ukwanda firepower yayo, kodwa yayo-mm 100 ziphangwe umpu ihleli injalo D-10T.

1961, D-10T wayemlwela ngendlela encinane-ukuvuleka projectiles weentonga lihlaba kwaye ngo-1950 akaba saba ukuqinisekisa indibano olusebenzayo itanki medium omtsha M48 (USA). A iitanki Western ngelo xesha sele basebenza ezase subcaliber otedinyayuschimsya yetreyi, akwenzelwa ezase eziqokelelanayo, ngomkhonto iintonga kwamatanki Soviet phezu imigama eqhelekileyo yokulwa.

Ngomhla nokudalwa T-62 asebenza amaqela amabini ka Soviet iingcali-tank abakhi 1950. Eyokuqala ababandakanyekayo uphuhliso isixhobo entsha kwamatanki aphakathi kunye nezinye adlise ubomi inyathelo Iiprojekthi KB Uralvagonzavod - wadala itanki eliphakathi bethembisa indawo T-54/55.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, ngowe-1958, basebenze itanki ethembisayo "Unqontsonqa 140" yagqitywa KB Uralvagonzavod. Umqalisi yeprojekthi wagqitywa L. N. Kartsev, ababekhonza njengoko umyili oyintloko kwisityalo. Ukuba kokukuqwalasela oku umatshini omtsha kakhulu ephantsi zobugcisa kunye nzima ukuba asebenze.

Esoyika esi siphumo, iingcali ukuphuhlisa itanki enxuseneyo "into 165", nto leyo hybrid, eliquka njengenqaba "Unqontsonqa 140" umzimba ukulwa indawo "Unqontsonqa 150" kunye injini-transmission isahlulo T kunye ephambili 55 womatshini. Factory uvavanyo lweemveliso sele igqityiwe 1958: njengoko iziphumo ze-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezoKhuselo liphumeze idrafti uguqulelo yesibini "Unqontsonqa 165", ngakumbi okuyona isakhiwo inyanda T-55.

Ngaphandle i "Unqontsonqa 165" kwi 1950, bakhula inani elikhulu nezinye iinzululwazi abaselula nethemba medium. Ba enkonzweni kwafuneka ukuba entsha 100-mm ziphangwe umpu D-54 (Y-8TS), wadalwa ngowe-1953. Xa kuthelekiswa D-10, D-54 waba enkulu isikrweqe-25%, kwaye kwaqhutywa inkqubo yokuqala Velocity imijukujelwa yayo weentonga lihlaba yanyuswa ukusuka 895 ukuya 1015 m / s. Nangona kunjalo, ezi parameters kwakusithiwa azonelanga ukuba umzabalazo ngempumelelo kunye kwamatanki Western kunye neentlobo ezininzi mihla amaqokobhe belungekho okwangoku.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba emkhosini efunyenweyo inkcaso kakhulu ukuba ubukho kwi-D-54 ekhaleni wayaphula. Esi sixhobo lokudubula negalelo ukuyilwa bekhephu, uthuli okanye isanti amafu, itanki ahlale kunye neziphumo kuyajongwa eyothusayo badubula. Ukongezelela, abaninzi boyika ukuba ukufutha ekhaleni kuya kuba nefuthe elibi amajoni kunye nomkhosi inkxaso vehicles.

Itanki Basic ngezakhe esebenzayo T-72B

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, noko T-72B kunye isikrweqe esebenzayo? Le nguqulelo imveliso 1985. Lubonakala bubukho iminyanya kwinkqubo iququzelele izixhobo enomjukujelwa kunye ezinamandla neenqaba uvikele vehicles. Ukongeza, lo matshini unalo ukhuseleko enamandla kwakuxhomekeke izikhongozelo zakhiwe 227, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha apho ibekwe phezu kwenqaba.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba itanki ngezakhe esebenzayo T-72B yenzelwe ngexesha Ukuphuculwa T-72A. Lo matshini isizukulwane MBT wesithathu: lixhotyiswe ngokhuseleko olutshintshatshintshayo "Qhagamshelana", eliphuculiweyo MSA (2E42-2 iye moya somfanekiso gun ngenxa zokudubula etyhalela) kunye nenkqubo kwezixhobo eziququzelelwa 9K120 "Swir" (mayixhotyiswe icebo lokwalatha 1K13-49). Yotshintsho ende kwakhokelela ekwandeni ubunzima iitoni ukuya ku 44.5.

T-90

Kwaye ezilungileyo isikrweqe esebenzayo T-90 yintoni? Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba T-90 "Vladimir" - isiseko yasemkhosini itanki Russian. Kuye sidalwe 1980 njengoko ukuphucuka olunzulu kwi T-72B, obizwa ngokuba "T-72B yala maxesha." Kodwa ngo-1992, waba umkhosi sele phantsi T-90.

Xa Potkina VI (chief Umenzi itanki) ayibikho, urhulumente Russian wagqiba ekubeni T-90 ukuya igama "Vladimir".

Hi ndlela leyi, kwisithuba ukususela 2001 ukuya ku-2010, i-T-90 yayigqalwa i MBT omtsha-bethengisa kakuhle kwimarike yehlabathi.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba ngo-2010 imoto yathengwa izivumelwano T-90 ukuze umkhosi Russian Federation ngexabiso engange-70 ezigidi. Ngo-2011, ixabiso le-T-90 liye landa yaye yaba ukuya kwizigidi 118 engange. Ukususela ekupheleni kuka-2011 ukuthengwa T-90 ukuze amajoni Russian yamiswa.

September 9, 2011 Nizhny Tagil kulo mboniso ngamazwe waboniswa esidlangalaleni T-90cm, elitsha itanki isampuli kumazwe T-90.

bambongozayo esebenzayo

Kwaye T-90 Protection iyasebenza? Weentonga Traditional anayo, ukuba, kunye nabammeli enamandla. Ngapha koko, lo matshini kufakwa kwinkqubo yokhuseleko esebenzayo sakhiwe ukusuka ingcinezelo woqondo-elektroniki "Blind-1". Le fowuni ilungiselelwe ukuba nokhuseleko ngokuchasene zentsimbi omkhulu imijukujelwa antitank nelungelelanisiweyo kwakhiwa ukusuka kwisikhululo "Blind-1" kunye isixhobo oyinxalenye kwekhuselo.

Ke kaloku, "Blind-1" ilungiselelwe zokuzikhusela imijukujelwa zixhotyiswe kunye nenkqubo ulwalathiso semi-automatic. Oku sakhiwe iperi modulators, ezimbini spotlight Iso OTSHU-1-7 kunye iyunithi yolawulo.

Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba xa ukhuselo luvuliwe, isikrweqe nezangaphakathi. Isixhobo ngokuvula silwa isigqubuthelo elawulwa ezase leyo baxhotyiswa self-ukulayisha-ekhokelwa laser umqadi yi laser homing. Esi sixhobo kwakhona kuthintela nale uluhlu laser kwaye ukuyilwa kwento lomsi.

Esi sakhiwo siqulathe uluhlu lweempawu imitha laser ezakhiwe abenzi boluvo ezimbini umxhesho ontlakantlaka ezimbini - ukufumana ulwalathiso ngqo sefowuni nokulungelelanisa iinkqubo kunye izindululi sokuqhumisa elinambini zizaliswe zetoti.

Ngokwenene imali yenziwe ekhethekileyo - isikrweqe esebenzayo. Umgaqo wesenzo na ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukuba itanki ibanjiwe kukungakhuseleki laser radiation, inkqubo okumisele kwekhuselo, kugqiba ulwalathiso ingozi ephumayo nezikhombisi aba belungu bayehluthe kubo. Ngaphezu koko, okanye ngokuyalelwa umthetheli-nqanawa, okanye ngokuzenzekelayo wenziwe ngokudubula iziqhushumbisi zetoti, kwaye lidala ilifu zetoti, lwaze yemisebe laser, ukuphazamisa isenzo kweenkqubo isikhokelo ngezikhali. Ukongeza, umatshini iimaski ilifu yentsimbi asandula kuzalwa, ajike abe lomsi.

"Afghani"

Ngoko ke, siya kuqhubeka sihlola yintoni isikrweqe esebenzayo. "Afghani" - inkqubo wokhuselo esebenzayo (KAZ) itanki. It wadalwa ziingcali Russian kwi 2010s.

Esi sixhobo likhusela izithuthi enzima vehicles ngu lonyuselo imijukujelwa antitank (PTUR kunye COP) kunye ezase sub-abanjalo.

Ezakhiwe zeyunithi radar, abenzi boluvo woqondo-elektroniki kunye laser izixhobo ejolise, iperi iiyunithi kokuguquka, remote control, njengomatshini wokubala, iseti iintambo, iibhokisi isiphambuka, iingalo okukhusela indawo emigodini.

ukhuselo Protivosnaryadnym kakhulu ibekwe phantsi inqaba emzimbeni, ngoko trudnouyazvima ukuba izixhobo ezininzi, ngokungafaniyo nezinye KAZ. izixhobo radar Le yemveliso ziyaphindwa. Lixhotyiswe inkqubo jamming kwaye uyakwazi ukuphelisa Iimboniselo, esebenzisa anti-moya gun kunye radar basic AESA. Hi ndlela leyi, eli cebo wokhuseleko, enyanisweni, akunakuba nako kunganikwa ingqwalasela bhaza ozimeleyo eyahlukileyo.

"Afganita" bemeko- ithole lomenzi UR 2263268 ukuba isixhobo ukuziphendulela osebenza umgaqo "logwayimbo yenyukliya" evumela ukuba ukudubula phantsi imijukujelwa bethembisa ngesantya ukuya ku 3000 m / s. Namhlanje (de kube sekupheleni uvavanyo karhulumente) ijolise kwi-ngumfuziselo ekujoliswe ngesantya ukuya ku 1700 m / s. Loo lesixhobo ganga ngoku phantse naluphi warhead ihamba ngesantya esiphezulu.

Kwindawo yokuqala, "Afghani" lo EFP, Sanduluka emlilweni warhead emva yokuqala kwicala inkonkxa enomjukujelwa entabeni (ekunene), ngoko kuyo naliphi icala olifunayo. Izixhobo iyakwazi ngempumelelo kutshabalalisa ebelihlasela ekujoliswe zonke iintlobo. Le nqaba kwakhona linazo zombini iindidi emthethweni lulungiselelwe ukusuka ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kuyimfuneko ukuba jamming, leyo tifihla itanki ngexesha kuhlaselwa ezahlukeneyo imijukujelwa anti-itanki mihla.

Ke kaloku, radar AESA i inkqubo ezimeleyo.

ngokulungisa isimiso

inkqubo wokulanda isebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Sebenzisa iinkcukacha ezifunyenwe ngokusebenzisa amajelo onxibelelwano, apho ngenxa yotshaba efihliweyo, ngokusebenzisa ezahlukeneyo bangabonwa kwaye ziyamelana kuphazamiseko. Le nkqubo isekelwe phezu izixhobo isikhokelo ubhaqo zobuqu.
• Efumanise izisongelo ngokusebenzisa LRS. Xa "Afgane" Models for T-14 ne T-15 isongela zilandelelwe ngenkqubo RL Afar uhlobo ukubukela obanzi, kunye uluhlu khorwisaka ubhaqo.
• Cwangcisa uhlobo ngozi ekwenzeni imisebenzi kufuphi-ukhuseleko izixhobo KAZ.

ulandelelwano iimbalelwano:

• Usongo wahlasela VOP kuthetha (T 15 usebenzisa isixhobo se-30 mm kunye nenkqubo enomjukujelwa ekhokelwa kunye imijukujelwa moya, kunye T-14 - moya umatshini gun 12.7 mm).
• Ukuphazamisa kuthetha ukutshatyalaliswa abalibona izixhobo, iinkqubo ayehlasela. Kumenyezwa intshabalalo wenziwa imikhosi KAZ.
• kontrboezaryadami leziko. izenzo Interception ububanzi yaye amabini iimitha (neutralizes kwakhona lihlaba amaqokobhe).

Le izindululi "Afgane" iityhubhu elahliweyo ngaphantsi kwinqaba zinokufakwa imijukujelwa ezinkulu olwalusele (ezimbini okanye ezintathu nenqaba ngalinye). Le ndlela yokugqibela yeyona anengqondo ejection interceptor wokulungiselela balandela ehlelwe shot ekujoliswe EFP.

Ngokusemthethweni lwabonisa ukuba ikhweyitha eliphezulu ingabonakali KAZ, ngoko kukho amathuba usebenzisa software ukujongela. Ezinokuba zicwangciswe ezinjalo amakhonkco Iqela anti MRL ukuvuleka warhead malunga 200 mm.

Hi ndlela leyi, iintlobo ezimbini izixhobo ukuba incamathele kuphahla, kunokuba zombini kudale ukuphazamiseka, neendlela nokutshatyalaliswa kwezixhobo ezisezantsi-grade, balwa endle. Ukongeza, uphahla omnye iimbumbulu sokuqhumisa unako ukusebenza isigubungelo ingxolo elide okanye ukuphazamiseka iziqhushumbisi iibhendi zamaza.

Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ubukho coverage lilonke T-14 ne T-15, nto leyo ekhusela ngempumelelo kakhulu nxamnye iziqhushumbisi ezisebenzisanayo.

Siyathemba ukuba eli nqaku liza kukunceda ekufundeni ukhuselo kwitanki esebenzayo ngakumbi.