Amanyathelo okhuseleko xa besebenza kunye nezixhobo zombane. iimpawu zombane

izixhobo zombane Industrial bobabo kudidi izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo. Ukuba nokusebenza kwalo njengentsongelo kwimpilo yoluntu kunye nobomi. Ukuze uphephe iingozi inika ukhuseleko xa besebenza kunye nezixhobo zombane.

electric

Le ngozi ayinakonganyelwa idaliwe ukuba anyhashwe wokhuseleko nokusebenza kwezixhobo zombane. electric mhlawumbi xa ukudibana ngqo iziqalelo conductive zeyunithi, leyo aphantsi ombane. Sokukhutshwa nokuwela umzimba ihamba ngokuzalana, electrolytic impembelelo, thermal. Le yokugqibela esizibonakalisa ngohlobo eshe kwiindawo ezithile apha emzimbeni, imithambo yegazi kunye ubushushu. imiphumela eziphilayo ihamba nokurhawuzela izicwili zomzimba, nto leyo inokukhokelela ukupheliswa ukusebenza kweenkqubo ebalulekileyo. ukusebenza Electrolytic esibonakaliswa ukwanda igazi.

nemiphumela yokubhubha

Isiphumo ixhomekeke yintshukumo ngoku ubukhulu ombane, ubude kunye rhoqo yayo mendo, kunye nemeko ngokubanzi eziphilayo. Ngokutsho izifundo, uvalo (threshold) luthathwa 1 Ma. Xa kunyuka ngoku kuvela zokurhwaqela kwezihlunu buhlungu. Xa yangoku 12-15 Ma, umntu ulahlekelwa ukukwazi ukulawula izihlunu zabo kwaye kwaphula kude kumthombo okuphawulekayo ngokuzimeleyo. Ezi amasuntswana kuthiwa neotpuskayuschego. Ngokwanda ngakumbi amathuba langoku eliphezulu ventricular fibrillation (twitching). Ingqalelo khulula ebulalayo 100 Ma.

amanyathelo okhuseleko xa besebenza kwinkqubo zombane: isishwankathelo

Ukufikelela zingaba kufumana uqeqesho. ngogesi Ndisempilweni okanye kufuneka kudlule efanelekileyo iimvavanyo ulwazi PTE kunye PTB kwi Qualification Commission. Ezinye iingcali ukufikelela kwi iiyunithi kuphela phantsi kweliso abantu abafanelekileyo. Kungakhathaliseki iziqinisekiso abasebenzi babantwana mabawuqonde umahluko phakathi iimpawu zombane.

ukuhlolwa ukufakwa

Mbane akanyanzelekanga ukuba athathe nawaphi na amanyathelo elibandakanya ukunxibelelana iindawo conductive, phambi kokucima yunithi. Xa efumanise imeko kaxakeka efuna izinto qhawula ngoko nangoko kwaye ingxelo imeko kumntu onoxanduva an. Ngexesha nokuhlola kuyimfuneko ukuba anikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ubukho kunye nemeko earthing okhuselayo cala (isiseko) housings, casings, izakhelo kunye nezinye izinto. Kwimeko xa irhecwe ngesandla, izinto ezingezo-conductive (umz, ukuqinisekisa inqanaba lokushushubeza) yangoku ukubonwa yi impembelelo, kukho bodwa ukungathobeli nandzu nozinzo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka ukukhubaza ufakelo ngoko nangoko.

ifaka Tshintsha fuse

Ukhuseleko emsebenzini kwi luqulathe imfuno zombane, ngokungqinelana ne apho replacement olwenziwa xa izinto evuthuza bacinywa-amandla. Ukuba awukwazi ukunyanzelisa eli lungiselelo kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga kuvunyelwa ukuba enze izenzo kunye yemveliso ivaliwe. Ingozi kulo mzekelo sikuko yokuba ngexesha fuse faka replacement inokuba ecima (ingakumbi short circuit). Kulo mzekelo, kukho ingozi yokuba i arc yokumpompoza yombane. Olo tyando lwenziwa kusetyenziswa amangolwane zokwambathisa ezikhoyo. Ezandleni kufuneka oko zokwambathisa iiglavu, yaye bakhuselekile ngezibuko ezikhethekileyo ngamehlo.

iimeko ezizodwa

Ukhuseleko nokulungisa izixhobo zombane ufuna ukwenza ukukhululwa olusisinyanzelo kwempixano phambi kokuba azibophelele naliphi na inyathelo. Nangona kunjalo, le mithetho abanye ngaphandle. Kwezinye iimeko, oku wenziwe imali encinane yomsebenzi ukulungisa iingxaki kunye ombane unexpunged. iimeko ezithile kufuneka wadibana lokubolekwa ukuya ku 380 V. Ukufikelela kubo iingcali, abaye 3 iqela wokwamkelwa ukhuseleko lombane. Kulo mzekelo kufuneka kubekho omnye umntu iqela-4 okanye 5.

Prevention of lomlilo

amanyathelo okhuseleko xa besebenza inkqubo yombane inika iimfuno Izixhobo ezisetyenziswa. Ngokukodwa, oko Akuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa hacksaw sentsimbi, umlawuli kunye nezinye izixhobo kunye apho kungabonisa ukuba isekethe elifutshane. izixhobo Handle kufuneka zigqunyiwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ingcali, ukuphelisa iingxaki ekufuneka kuma phezu engekho eqhuba yangoku. iimfuno ezifanayo kwaye ibonelela ngokhuseleko kufakelo lombane.

ekukhuseleni

Yonke imisebenzi, kuquka uvavanyo zombane ziqhutywa ngokungqinelana nemithetho efanelekileyo yococeko kunye nemimiselo, ezo ezivunyiweyo yi nesekela. sanvracha eliyiNtloko kunye GOST. akufunekanga ibe ngaphezulu kwe Ngokutsho ngokweemfuno magnetic ngamandla endle:

• ngayo icandelo yombane kuluhlu frequency 100 kHz-30 MHz - 20 V / m, 30-300 MHz - 5 V / m;
• ngayo icandelo otsalayo kwi uluhlu 100 KHz-1.5 MHz - 5 A / m.

Umlinganiselo we ngobunzulu yentsimi magnetic eyenziwa isixhobo PEMF 1. umbane Kwendalo kufuneka zifakwe kumagumbi ezizodwa. HF uvumelekile ukubeka Ufakelo senzelwe dielectrics zokufudumeza nesinyithi nakwiivenkile mveliso ngokubanzi. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka ihlangabezane iimeko ezithile. Ngokukodwa, emsebenzini kufuneka banikwe kunye namanqanaba eliphezulu ngokuvunywe imitha kunye ukungakhuseleki nabantu abangamkhonziyo ezi lokubolekwa kunokwenzeka. Ngexesha unyango ubushushu lwesinyithi kunye dielectrics kufuneka ifakwe umoya. nemifula Air kufuneka zenziwe ngezinto nonmagnetic ukunqanda ubushushu imisinga RF.

ukukhuselwa kwabasebenzi

Kwenzeka:

1. Ukunciphisa radiation ngobunzulu ye magnetic umthombo endle.
2. Ukusetyenziswa kwemali ukhuseleko lobuqu, kunye alam oluzenzekelayo.
3. Uvikele okanye ukususa imisebenzi ukusuka umthombo radiation, esebenzisa elawulwa kude.
4. Dala iimeko sound ukuze isikolo sisebenze kakuhle izixhobo kunye nabasebenzi imisebenzi.

Xa units for yoqheliso ukufudumeza, njengoko umthetho, sebenzisa i uvikele eqhelekileyo. Kulo mzekelo, nesisitheliso ingeniswe inductor lukhuni kunye panel yolawulo okanye ukwenza uvikele block-nganye. Kwimeko yokugqibela element capacitor lwenziwa ngohlobo enemingxuma yesinyithi okanye ikhamera. Screen transformer yenziwa yi uhlobo istili. Element yokunyibilika okanye ukufudumeza inductor lwenziwa ngokohlobo camera eshukumayo zalo. Ngexesha amalahle iphakamile kwaye base- ekupheleni kwalo msebenzi. Ikhusi kwakhona iqwalaselwe ngokohlobo kwekhamera ezinzileyo, exhotyiswe ucango. Kuvula kuphela ngexesha ngokokubekwa element ubushushu.

nogesi Operational

Lo msebenzi ubandakanya:

• ngokulawula iimeko zokusebenza kunye nemeko isixhobo;
• ukudluliselwa kolwazi malunga izinto zokusebenza.

Kwimeko yokusebenza isixhobo abasebenzi Ubhaqo nandzu kufuneka athathe amanyathelo okujongana kubo. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ezinzileyo zesixhobo kufuneka wenziwe nokugcinwa kunye umsebenzi wokulungisa. Zonke ezi kunye neminye imicimbi, zilungelelaniswe ngeeyunithi yokusebenza, kufuneka kwenziwe kwindawo ekhuselekileyo. Bona kumiselwa ngokuhambelana PTB evunywe yi kulawulo lwe-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Umbane naMandla.

imithetho

Ngokucacisa neemfuneko abasebenzi abasebenza (ukulungiswa kunye nezinye izinto). Abasebenzi kufuneka babe ocace gca isisongelo mhlawumbi wadibana kunye neyunithi, ukuba azi kwaye bakwazi ukusebenzisa imithetho yokhuseleko kwi-mali siwenze kunye nemiyalelo ephunyeziweyo. Abasebenzi kufuneka akwazi ukufaka njani izixhobo zombane zakho, zokugunyaziswa, ukusetyenziswa, kwaye ukuqonda isakhiwo yayo. Iingcali kufuneka bakwazi ukunika uncedo lokuqala kumaxhoba, oko kukuthi, yokuthanjiswa engangqalanga imisipha sentliziyo nokuphefumla ngumntu. Kwi imisebenzi yemfundo noqeqesho zihlolisiswe, phakathi kwezinye izinto imiqondiso zombane. I PTB iqulethe izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo. Zichaphazela ukusebenza ufakelo ezahlukeneyo zombane, eziquka sokuvula nokucima, Motors, umbane, imigca umoya kunye USB, neebhetri njalo njalo. I PTB ikwaquka izicelo, kuquka imiyalelo ngendlela ukunika uncedo lokuqala kumaxhoba ugesi, kwaye kwezinye iimeko. Kulandelwa imithetho inyanzelekile kubo bonke abaqeshwa, nokuba yezikhundla zabo.

qualification

Iingcali ukufunda imithetho kwaye bazipase ngokungqinelana ne sikhundla, ngoko ke wacelwa ukuba iqela elithile wokwamkelwa. Xa iyonke kukho 5 kuzo ke umntu wokuqala lowo akazalani abasebenzi zobunjineli yombane. Ezi abasebenzi kufuneka aqeqeshwe. Iqela sesihlanu wabelwa ukuba ukusebenza kunye nokugcinwa, umsebenzi kunye nabasebenzi benkonzo. Abo abanezakhono kwiminyaka 18 kuvunyelwa ukuba abele iqela 1 okanye 2 ngaphandle koku kungasentla. Abebefunda kunye namaziko zobugcisa bavumelekile ukuba bafumane Group 2 emva kumava umsebenzi wabo uza kuba ubuncinane inyanga. Emva kweenyanga ezintathu umsebenzi kwi okukhethekile ukuba Group 3 wokwamkelwa ukhuseleko zombane linokukwenziwa. Isiqinisekiso iboniswe kwisiqinisekiso. Olu xwebhu ke kuyimfuneko ukuba xa esenza umsebenzi. Xa ubungqina ukwenza ulwazi olongezelelweyo ukuba iyafumaneka. Umzekelo, ukuba ingcali livumelekile ukuba enze omnye umsebenzi (Steeplejacks, uvavanyo, amandla, njalo njalo), oku kufuneka kubonisiwe kuxwebhu. Abasebenzi abaneemfuno ezizodwa zemfundo lesibini yobugcisa okanye ngaphezulu? Group 2 linokukwenziwa ixesha, eyesithathu - emva kweenyanga ezi-3 lomsebenzi ukusuka kwiqela-2, 4 - 3 iinyanga nge-3 kunye 5th - iinyanga ezintandathu kamva ne-4. Ukongezelela kweli xesha umsebenzi amaqela yesine isihlanu imfuneko ukwazi ubeko ufakelo zombane, ukuze babe nako ukulungiselela ukuveliswa kwemisebenzi kunye nokuhambisana nokhuseleko. Kuba Group 5 nayo ifuna ukuqonda yintoni eyabangela elibekiweyo kwingongoma nganye kwezi mfuno PTB.

into ebaluleke

TB Manual, eyenziwe yi amashishini akufuneki sichasene ngale mithetho ilapha ngasentla. Kufuneka ivunywe ngumbutho ngokubhungisana nekomiti zemanyano yabasebenzi. Akuvunyelwe ngokungqongqo ekwenziweni kwemisebenzi, imiyalelo kunye nemiyalelo, ezo zichasene neemfuno lusekiwe. Imisebenzi ziqulethwe imithetho ukusa kumkhamo othile ukuze kuyibiyela omnye komnye yaye duplicative. Kule meko, ukusilela izinto ngamnye kunokukhokelela iingozi.

umthwalo

Imigaqo sibandakanya onke amashishini, apho ukusebenza kwezixhobo zombane. Kuba waphula umthetho abo banoxanduva kuba iya kuziswa zolawulo, zolwaphulo-mthetho okanye oluleko uxanduva. Imisebenzi enxulumene kudidi oluphezulu umngcipheko, abantu abagunyaziswe ukuba benze ngaphezu kweminyaka eli-18. Lo msebenzi ufuna ulwazi olukhethekileyo, amava kunye nengqalelo. imisebenzi enjalo, umzekelo, kuquka imisebenzi eyenziwa phantsi kwempixano: USB (eqhagamshelwe itha shushu, ilothe, imibuzo kunye nokudibanisa iintsimbi neengcingo e PVC kunye imifinya polyethylene), ngelotha ilothe kunye aluminium eziqulathe ngayo, umsebenzi kunye umonakalo iikhompawundi yokwemba imisebenzi yenziwa ngokuqhubekekayo yaye ngokucwangcisiweyo, njalo-njalo.

iimpawu zombane

Balumkisa usongo, nto leyo ehambisana nendlela neeyunithi phantsi ombane. Banako baphawula ukuba kwindawo apho kungekho okuba ugesi. Iimpawu zombane zihlelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Lokwalatha.
• Prohibitory. Nangona sebekhomba loo inadmissibility le ngomhla okanye izixhobo. Oku kuthintela ombane ngempazamo supply ngexesha lomsebenzi. Ezi mpawu ziquka: "phelisa Works."; 'Ngengozi musa ukungena ngaphandle nezixhobo protective "; Re ufake! Sebenza phantsi ombane! ".
• Isilumkiso. Achaza ukuba umntu uza umgama eyingozi izinto conductive le "Stop Ingozi!"; "Musa ukuba bazibandakanye! Uya Bulala!".
• Enquma. Le miqondiso zisetyenziselwa ukubonisa kwiindawo abasebenza ufako indlela zikhuseleke.

Labels enokuhanjiswa okanye zokubhala.

ukulawula

Le migaqo ichazwe inkqubo bayamkeleka kwezo ufakelo lombane abantu engaganwanga kwinkonzo yabo. Ezi abasebenzi kuvunyelwa ukuba aqhube imisebenzi ethile kuphela xa kukho abasebenzi abaneziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo. Umntu ehamba umqeshwa linyanzelekile ukuba ukulandela ukhuseleko yokugqibela, ukuze alumkise phezu Isithintelo yokusondela kwezona zinto conductive. abasebenzi awayefudukele kuhlale igama ungubani, apho aya wangena ulwazi malunga nemithetho zovavanyo lolwazi. Isiqinisekiso kwakhona ibonisa iqela wokwamkelwa. Xa kuqala ukufika abasebenzi abasekondiweyo kufuneka aqeqeshwe. Eklasini abalufunda ukhuseleko, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu ngenxa izixhobo zombane, kunye abaya kusebenza.