Yintoni na umthombo lo mhlaba otsalayo? Imagnethi Umthombo Womhlaba

Lo mhlaba otsalayo - into ebangel 'umdla. Okwangoku, iimpahla zazo ziye zasetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezininzi. Ngaba ubusazi ukuba umthombo lo mhlaba otsalayo? Emva kokufunda eli nqaku, uya kufunda ngayo. Ukongeza, siza kuthetha ezinye izibakala ezinxulumene ubutsalane. Okokuqala, makhe sibheke imbali.

A incinane

Ubutsalane nombane - akukho ezimbini ezimangalisayo ezahlukeneyo, njengoko babekholelwa ngempazamo ixesha elide. Ulwalamano lwabo zacaca kuphela ngo-1820, xa nzulu Danish Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1851 gg.) wabonisa ukuba ngoku uhamba ngocingo umsinga wombane deflects inaliti. Ngoku njalo ivelisa yintsimi ngemagnethi. Akukhathaliseki apho lwenzeka - phakathi efini emhlabeni ngohlobo ngumbane okanye esihlunwini yomzimba wethu.

Nkqu kumaxesha amandulo abantu baye bazama ukufumana phandle na umthombo lo mhlaba otsalayo. Ngaphezu koko, lo kuvulwa wenza practice. Ubutsalane eziqwalaselweyo kusetyenziswa (ingakumbi ngeenjongo yokukhangela) kangangamawaka eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba yacaciswa uhlobo umbane, yaye ifumene isicelo practical. Kuphela xa Kwazeka ukuba umcimbi iqulathe athom, oko ekugqibeleni wayezimisele ukuba ubutsalane kunye nombane zihlobene. Naphi na apho kukho ubutsalane, kuya kuhlala kubakho, yaye ezinye umbane. Nangona kunjalo, eli lungu yaba sisiqalo kwezifundo ezitsha.

Yintoni egqibayo ngokubonakala iimpawu kazibuthe imathiriyeli kungekho naliphi yangaphandle umthombo wamandla? Movement of elektroni eyenza i kwemisinga zombane ngaphakathi atom. Olu hlobo ubutsalane, yaye siza kuqwalasela apha. Umthombo umsinga zibuthe (alternating current), siya ngokufutshane.

Magnetite kunye nezinye izinto

Impahla umtsalane zentsimbi kunye eziphathekayo yentsimbi aqulethe emsebenzini kwindalo, omnye kwezimbiwa umdla. Kumalunga magnetite, i intsimbi imichiza iikhompawundi. Mhlawumbi, abanye kwaso uhlobo lisetyenziswa ikhampasi yokuqala, omashini yi-Chinese. Umthombo lo mhlaba otsalayo nje kuphela wokumbiwa. Ezinye izinto kwakhona lula ukuxelela ngabom iipropati ezifunekayo. Phakathi kwabo intsimbi ngongcono owaziwayo nensimbi. Zombini ezibonakalayo kunye nezinye angenziwa ngokulula ukuba abe ngumthombo yentsimi ngemagnethi.

iimagnethi esisigxina

Ulwelo etsala intsimbi, ibe iklasi okhethekileyo. Zibizwa ngokuba iimagnethi abasisigxina. Ngaphandle igama, bayakwazi ukugcina iimpawu ezifunekayo ixesha elilinganiselweyo. Le umazibuthe isigxina ngohlobo lwe bar ibonisa inqaba ubutsalane eziphila. Ukuba unako ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo, isiphelo omnye njalo kuvela kwicala le North Pole komhlaba, kunye nezinye - kwicala yelasezantsi. Emancamini omabini umazibuthe zibizwa ngokuba izibonda nasentla, nasezantsi, ngokulandelelana kwazo.

Iimagnethi unokuba phantse nayiphi na imilo: isitena, i intsimbi yehashe, okanye isangqa ezimbaxa ngakumbi. Bona ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zombane. Izinti umazibuthe zibonakaliswe njenge: N (ngentla) kunye S (south). Makhe sithethe ngendlela basebenzisane.

Attraction kanye isizathu

Ngokungafaniyo nezibonda magnetic ngoka. Sazi ngale nto esikolweni. Etsala kwezinye izinto, le umazibuthe kuqala yenza kube umazibuthe buthathaka. Kanye nezibonda ukubuyiselana (nangona akukho ngokucacileyo njengokuba amehlo). Ukuziva impembelelo umazibuthe, isinyithi kunye intsimbi ngokwabo babe oomazibuthe, ukufumana ezichaseneyo esahlukileyo. Kungenxa yoko le nto endinomdla kuyo. Kodwa ukuba oomazibuthe ababini twatse with "iintlawulo" kulingana ebekwe kufuphi omnye komnye kunye izibonda efanayo, yintoni eza kwenzeka? Waphawula ukuba amandla isizathu iya kuba ulingane nomkhosi yomtsalane ukuba izenzo phakathi kwezibonda ezimbini esahlukileyo, efakwe kwi umgama elifanayo enye kwenye.

Impembelelo ubutsalane zixhomekeke hayi izixhobo ayoni kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, le meko magnetic ngokulula kakhulu iqatshelwe iintsimbi ehlambulukileyo. Oku, umzekelo, intsimbi, nickel, ayibe.

domain

Izinyithi, nto leyo ibe ngumthombo mhlaba otsalayo yenziwa iimagnethi ezincinane ilahlwa ngokungakhethiyo ngaphakathi eziphathekayo. Bona ingqalelo ngokulinganayo kuphela kwiindawo ezincinane, ebizwa imimandla, leyo kunokubonwa ngokusebenzisa kwemikroskopu. In mba unmagnetized - kwakunye amathambeka ngokwabo utsaleleka kumacala ahlukeneyo apho - lo mhlaba otsalayo ngu zero. Ngoko ke, akukho iipropati sibubona kulo mzekelo ukuba zikhona. Ngoko ke, izinto ofumana iimpawu ezifunekayo kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezithile.

inkqubo magnetization sikuko yokuba zonke domains banyanzeleka ukuba kukulayinisha kwicala elinye. Ekubuyeni kwabo kakuhle, izenzo zabo zongezwa. A into ngokubanzi iba magnetic umthombo endle. Ukuba yonke imimandla ilandelelanisiwe kanye kwicala elinye, impahla egqitha kumda yekhono lakhe ngemagnethi. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele umzekelo omnye. Magnetization kwezinto kuza kuthi ekugqibeleni ixhomekeke kwidomeyini magnetization. Oku, umiselwa yindlela atom ngamnye ibekwe ngaphakathi ithambeka.

yimagnethi Lomhlaba

ifildi yimagnethi yomhlaba kudala ilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye kuchaziwe, kodwa okwangoku ingakwazanga ukunikwa kuchazwa ngokupheleleyo. Ngendlela elula kakhulu angamelwa kuyo ngokungathi phakathi North kunye nezibonda eMzantsi ngokwezelizwe umazibuthe elula flat. Oku kwenza ezinye zeziphumo waphawula. Kodwa oku ayichazi utshintsho engaqhelekanga kakhulu ngamandla, kwaye nkqu ulwalathiso imigca mhlaba otsalayo ye ngaphantsi komhlaba, okanye kutheni kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo indawo zezibonda otsalayo malunga nomsinga, yaye kutheni, phofu ecothayo-, bahlale ezihambayo. Ngenxa yoko, yonke into nzima ngakumbi.

Imagnethi yomhlaba Model

Siya ukuchaza ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi owenziwe lula. Zimelwe kumbindi womhlaba elide, umazibuthe ezimcaba iya kuba umthombo lo mhlaba otsalayo. Yintoni enye kufuneka kuqwalaselwa? izinto Magnetic phezu komhlaba wonke kufuneka zibekwe ukuze kwipali wabo esalatha ngasentla, wajika ngendlela engalunganga, esiyibiza ngasentla (eneneni kwipali ngasezantsi umazibuthe wengqikelelo) kwaye ipali eyodwa - ngasezantsi (kwipali elingasentla umazibuthe).

Ulwazi lweenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo emzimbeni ebangela ubunzima obuthile. Kwaye ke ubutsalane umhlaba kunye ubutsalane pieces zentsimbi ngokulula wachaza kucingelwa ukuba imigca Imagnethi yomhlaba (elikholisa ukubizwa ngokuba imigca ngobhobhozo magnetic) kuvela ekupheleni elingasentla umazibuthe, kwaye zibandakanyiwe apha emzantsi. Oku lumelo engenasizathu kakhulu isicelo kuphela ngenxa lula, kanye njengoko imigca ukusetyenziswa izibanzi nezide icandwe kwimephu. Noko ke, kusinceda siqonde ukuba yintoni na umthombo lo mhlaba otsalayo yomhlaba.

imigca Power umazibuthe elula tyaba, Siyagqitha, sivela kwenye kwipali ukuya komnye yaye nesigubungelo yonke umazibuthe, benza uhlobo njengesilinda. Imigca ye amandla kwa indlela enye, sanga aqale. Basoloko ukuqala kwi kwipali zohlobo olufanayo nesiphelo kwi kwipali lolunye uhlobo, bangaze gqiba nge.

Ekuphetheni

Ngoko ukuphuhlisa umxholo "umthombo lo mhlaba otsalayo." Njengoko ubona, ukuba ebanzi kakhulu. Siye sahlolisisa kuphela nezimaphambili ezingundoqo ezinxulumene nalo mxholo.