Abaveleli be-thyroid gland. Nguwuphi umgcini-mgca obonisa umdlavuza we-thyroid?

I-Cancer yinto yesibetho sekhulu lama-XXI, inkqubela phambili eqhubekayo, iimeko ezininzi zomhlaza. Enye yeendlela ezintsha zokufumanisa izicubu zesifo somhlaza ngumatshini womhlaza. Yintoni na kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba uthembele uhlalutyo olunjalo?

Ziziphi iiphambili?

Igama lokumakisha livela kumqondiso wesenzi lwesiNgesi, eliguqulela ngokuthi "ukuthayibha, ukubhala into ethile." Umgcini-mhlaba ligama eliqhelekileyo lokuhlalutya kwegazi okanye umchamo ngenxa yobungqina bempawu, oko kukuthi, "iitekisi" ezishiya izicubu zomhlaza emzimbeni ngexesha lokuqala, ukwakheka nokukhula.

Iindlela ezinjalo ziiprotheni ezithile okanye i-enzyme kunye nemveliso yazo yokulahla. Ezi proteyini ziveliswa ngumhlaza ngokwawo, okanye nge-immune system njengendlela yokusabela kwiinkqubo ze-incological emzimbeni.

Ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo yokuxhamla, iiprotheni ezahlukeneyo zingenziwa. Ngako oko, oku kuthetha ukuba abaqhubi beentlanga zibonisa apho kunokuba nesifo somhlaza ngaphandle kwe-X-ray. Yingakho ukuhlalutya kusetyenziswa njengendlela yokuxilonga kunye nebonakalayo, njenge-ultrasound kunye ne-ray ray.

Iintlobo zabathengisi kunye nezinto ababonisa ngazo

Ngokwemigangatho, iintlobo zabahlawuli bee-overcomarkers zingaphezu kwama-200. Ziyaziwayo kakhulu zilandelayo:

• I-PSA (iprotate gland);
• UBC (i-bladder);
• SA125 (ii-ovari);
• I-SA 15-3 (i-mammary gland);
• I-SA 19-9 (isisu, amathumbu, i-pancreas);
• I-SA 242 (amathumbu kunye ne-pancreas);
• I-HCG (ii-ovari, i-testicles, uterus);
• AFP (umhlaza wesibindi, i-gall bladder, ovaries, njl);
• I-B-2-MG (umhlaza wegazi kunye ne-lymph nodes);
• I-REA (i-anti-embryonic antigen).

Kwiibakaki, indawo yomhlaza wesifo somhlaza ibonisiwe, eboniswa ngumgcini-mhlaba othile. Njengoko kubonakala, ezinye zibonisa indawo ethile, ngelixa abanye banokutshintshwa kwi-diagnostic. Ngoko ke, ukudibanisa kwamanqaku kusetyenziswa rhoqo. Umzekelo, ukuba umhlaza wesikhokreti ukhunjulwa ngumhlaza, ngokukhawuleza i-SA 242 kunye ne-SA 19-9, kunye nomhlaza we-ovarian - AFP, SA125 kunye neHCG. Kodwa nakweyiphi na imeko, ukuphambuka kwimiqathango iya kufuna ukuxilongwa ngokupheleleyo.

Xa uhlalutyo lisetyenziselwa abaxhasi bamathumba

Wabanike kwiimeko ezilandelayo:

• Xa i-tumor ikhunjulwa, engabonakali kwiimviwo ezibonakalayo;
• Ukulawula kwakhona;
• Kwingozi yobunzima;
• Ngo ku kro
• Kwiinjongo zeprolactic, kunye neengozi nezinye izingozi;
• Njengenxalenye yokuxilongwa ngokubanzi;
• Ukubeka esweni impumelelo yonyango, kunye nemiphumo emihle, uxinaniso luya kuqala ukuhla.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba uhlalutyo olulodwa kumakishi omhlaza we-thyroid alukwanelanga ukukhuphela okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, uqinisekisa ubungqina be-tumor.

Umhlaza weTyroid

Olu hlobo lomhlaza alunqabile, ikakhulukazi kwabasetyhini nasebekhulile. I-thyroid gland iyilungu elivelisa ama hormone amaninzi kakhulu. Ukungabi nantoni okanye ubuninzi obunokuchaphazela ukukhula, ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo, ukutshintsha kwegazi kunye nenhlalakahle ngokubanzi. Iqumrhu lisephambi kwentamo kwaye libukeka njengebhovaneli: i-lobes ezimbini ixhunywe yintsimbi encinci. Ngenxa yokuba sisondele kummandla, indawo ihlala ifunyanwe ekuqaleni kwesikhala ngesiguli ngokwakhe, umzekelo, ngokuhlamba.

Shchitovidka inezinto ezine:

1. I-Papillary i malunga ne-75% yazo zonke izicubu ezinobungozi kwi-thyroid gland. Ithambekele ekuhlaseleni okungenayo kwizitho ezingomakhelwane kunye neelymode.
2. Ifolda yindlela yesibini yomhlaza we-thyroid. Isizathu esona siqoqo se-iodine. Ngolu hlobo lomhlaza, i-tumor ngokuvamile ayishiyi i-thyroid.
3. Medullary. Kuyingozi kakhulu, i-tumor kunye nayo ayifumani i-iode ye-radioactive, eyenza unyango olungenalo.
4. Anaplastic. Le ntlobo ibonakala ngokukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye neempawu eziqhakazileyo: ukwesaba, ukukhwehlela ngegazi, ukuphefumula ngokuphefumla, ukulahleka kwesisindo nokuphefumula. Yinto encinane, kodwa eyona yingozi.

Imiqondiso yeCyroid Cancer

Iimpawu ze-tumor zilandelayo:

• Izwi elikhuni;
• Ukuguquka okubukhali kwisisindo;
• Ukuziva ucinezelekile kwaye ulahlekelwa ngumzimba;
• Ubuhlungu xa ugwinya;
• Umkhuhlane ongacacanga;
• I-goiter eyandisiweyo.

Ukuba kukho ubuncinane uphawu olulodwa, ngoko sele lufanelekile ukukhathazeka, kwaye xa kukho ezimbini kubo, kuyafaneleka ukuba ufumane ukuxilongwa. Kwaye kufuneka kwakhona ukuxilongwa kufuneka kuqhutywe rhoqo ngalabo abane-tumori ye-thyroid kwimbali yooyise.

Iindlela zokuxilonga

Iindlela ezininzi zokuxilonga zezi zilandelayo:

• I-ultrasound ye-thyroid gland;
• Ukufundiswa kwemizimba (i-biopsy ye-tumor fragment ye-cytological study);
• Ukuhlalutya kwegazi ekujongeni i-thyroid gland.

Kodwa ngokwahlukileyo, akukho nanye kubo asetyenziselwa ukuxilongwa. Ukuba isifo sikhankanywe xa kuhlaziywa ngamanqaku amathumba, i-ultrasound kufuneka iqhutywe ukufumanisa i-tumor ngqo kunye nendawo yayo ngqo. Ukuba ifunyenwe, kufundwa ukufundwa kwemvelo kuyimfuneko ukuba kuqinisekiswe umlinganiselo wezonyango. Kwaye ke kuphela ukuxilongwa.

Ukunyuka okungafaniyo ngobukhulu kubonisa iinkqubo zesifo kwi-gland. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-thyroid gland kubasetyhini ayikho ngaphezu kwe-19 cm³ kunye ne-25 cm³ kumadoda. Isiqhumane somhlaza sibonakaliswa ukungakhethi, okubonakalayo kwi-ultrasound.

Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwesi sifo kunokusindisa ubomi besigulane, kuba kwisigaba se-1 kunye neye-2 izigaba zomhlaza ziphathwa ngokuphumelelayo, kwaye iziganeko zokuphilisa ngomhla wesithathu zingatshatanga. Kwinqanaba lesine, oogqirha banako ukwenza okuncinci, bahlala bongeza ubomi baze banciphise ukuhlupheka.

Abacebisi bazisa malunga nomhlaza we-thyroid

Ngoko ke umphi umlenze obonisa umdlavuza we-thyroid? Abo baqhambileyo yi-hormone evelisa ngayo i-gland xa iqulethe okanye iyenye inguqu eguqukayo. Ezi zi-hormone ezifana ne-calcitonin kunye ne-thyroglobulin. Ukongezelela, umgangatho we-anti-embryonic antigen okanye i-REA echanekileyo ibonisa ukukhula kwe-tumor.

Umgcini we-thyroid gland calcitonin iveliswa yi-C-cells ye-thyroid gland. Kubonisa ukuxilongwa kohlobo lwe-medullary yomhlaza.

I-Thyroglobulin iveliswa ngama-epithelial cells. Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-thyroglobulin lubonisa kuphela i-cancer yamaphepha kunye neengxaki zomdlavuza. Xa kwenzeka ukuphambuka kwimimiselo, iimvavanyo zezinga le-triiodothyronine kunye ne-thyroxine (T3 kunye ne-T4) ziya kubonisa.

Ngamnye uqobo lwakhe luneenkcukacha:

1. Inqanaba lomhlaza we-anti-embryo-antigen linyuka kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zesifo somhlaza, kuquka ne-thyroid gland.
2. Inqanaba le-thyroglobulin landa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokubuyela komdlavuza we- thyroid.
3. I-calcitonin ye-hormone iphakama ngomhlaza we-thyroid.

Ukulungiselela ukuhlalutya

Ngenxa yempembelelo engathembekiyo phambi kokuhambisa uhlalutyo lwabamaki beengcambu ze-thyroid, kucetyiswa ukuzalisekisa ezi mfuneko zilandelayo:

1. Uhlalutyo lunikezwa kusasa ngesisu esingenalutho. Ukuyeka ukutya kukucetyiswa ubuncinane kwiiyure ezingama-8 ngaphambi kokuba utshintshe, kodwa unako ukusela amanzi amancinci.
2. Kwiiyure ezingama-48, uyeka ukuthatha nayiphina imithi kunye nezondlo ezondlo, utywala.
3. Kwiiyure ezingama-24 kungcono ukuba ungadli i-spicy, usawoti kunye nokutshaya.
4. Musa ukukhupha kwaye ungabi nexhala xa kunokwenzeka, phantsi kokungaphumeleli kwe-hormonal failure.
5. Ngeveki, yeka ukuthatha izidakamizwa ze-hormonal.

Ukuba kukho nayiphi na imfuno ayikwazi ukudibana, kufuneka uxelele ochwepheshe beli lab, uza kwenza inqaku. Umzekelo, ukwenqaba ukuthatha nayiphi na imithi rhoqo ifaka umngcipheko ebomini.

Imizuzu engama-5 phambi kwegazi kumnikelo we-calcitonin, isigulane sinikwa i-pentagastrin yokuvuselela.

Imigangatho yabasetyhini kunye namadoda

Ubuninzi be-thyroglobulin egazini kumntu onempilo kaninzi aludluli i-10 ng / ml, kodwa ukunyuka okuncinci akubi, kuba ixabiso liphezulu. Imimiselo yamanye amahomoni, umzekelo, i-calcitonin yamadoda nabasetyhini ingahluka.

Iimiselo azifani, zihluke kwiibhubhoratri ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa, nangona ufumene uhlalutyo kunye nokuphambuka kwimiqathango, ungakhathazeki.

Izibalo zibonisa ukuba abantu bavame ukuya kwibhubhoratri ngokugqithisa ugqirha, kugxila kwiimimiselo, kodwa oku akulungile. Emva kwakho konke, njengendlela eyodwa yokuxilongwa, akukho nto.

Kodwa ukuba oko kwenzeka, uhlalutyo kufuneka luhlolwe ngu-oncologist, oya kulufumanisa okanye aphikise ngokuthumela uviwo olongezelelweyo. Kufanelekile ukukhumbuza ukuba phambi kwesikhumba, izikhombisi ziyakudluleka kakhulu, nge-10 okanye kwimizuzu engama-20. Ukwanda kancinci kubonisa ukuba kunokungasebenzi kakubi kwi-thyroid gland.

Phantse i-10% yabantu abaphilileyo banyukile. Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, izikhombisi zinokunyuka kakhulu kwaye oku kuqhelekileyo, njengoko kukho iinguqu ezahlukeneyo ze-hormone. Emva kokuphela kwe-hormone yokubelesa kufuneka ibuyele eqhelekileyo. Ngobudala kunye neenkqubo ezivuthayo emzimbeni, izikhombisi zanda.

Iinkqubo zokuhlalutya kwabaqhubi phambi kwezinye iindlela zokuxilonga

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uthembele ukuhlalutya komatshini womhlaza, ukuba ngaba izinto ezininzi zinokuchaphazela ukuthembeka kwabo? Njengoko naluphi na uhlobo lokuxilonga, kukho iibhonasi kunye ne-pluses, kunye nokugxininiswa okuncinci.

I-Cons ye-diagnostic ebonakalayo:

1. Kukho umngcipheko wokuba i-tumor ayiyi kufunyanwa, ingakumbi ngexesha lokuqala.
2. Umthamo omncinci wombane okanye i-electromagnetic radiation.

Ukunciphisa ukuhlalutya kwintengiso yinto enye, kodwa inzulu kakhulu.

Ukuba le ndlela ayibonakali njengowodwa, kodwa njengomncedisi, ke zonke iimangalo kuzo ziya kutshabalala, ukuhlaziywa kwendawo yokuxanduva kulungile. Njengolawulo lokuvuselela ukukhula kwe-tumor ekhutshiwe, uhlalutyo alupheli. Kwaye kunceda ukulawula ukuphumelela kwonyango kunye nokubonakala kokubuyela emva kokususwa kwe-tumor. Kodwa ukuxilongwa kweprophylactic kubonisa ngakumbi kune-ultrasound. Kukho umngcipheko wokuba isisu sesivele siqalile ukuphuhliswa, kwaye abaqhubi beza kuba ngababi.