Ubungcwele bu ... Ubungcwele be-Orthodoxy

Izipho uYehova azinika bakhe abakhethiweyo zihlukene kakhulu, kwaye ekubeni ubungcwele bubonakala ngokubonakalayo kubantu, loo nto iquka iifom ezininzi. Ngenxa yokuba ngokobuKristu ubuye bahlula ngezikhombandlela ezininzi, kuzo zonke iinkcukacha zabo, oko kukuthi, ukuzukiswa komnye umntu ongcwele kaThixo ebusweni benceba, kunempawu ezithile.

Bangcwele kunye nobungcwele

Ingqiqo yobungcwele yaqala ukusetyenziswa ngexesha lokuqala lobuKristu. Emva koko u-Old Testament okhokho, abaprofeti, kunye nabapostile kunye nabafel 'ukholo, abaye bamkela ukubandezeleka nokufa egameni likaKristu, bathunyelwa kulolu hlobo. Kwiminyaka kamva, xa ubuKristu buba yinkolo yombuso, abalawuli abathanda, ookumkani, abathetheli nabanye abaninzi bangena kwinani labo.

Ubungcwele bobuOthodoki yindlela ebolekwe eByzantium kwaye ifunyenwe kwiRashiya yophuhliso olongezelelweyo, ngokubhekiselele kuloo nto abangcwele bakaThixo, baninzi abaye baphawula ngezipho Zakhe kunye nezenzo zabo ezifanelwe ukulungelelanisa, ziyahlula zibe ngamaqela amaninzi, okanye iinqanaba. Olu lwahlulo lunemiqathango, ukususela kwiintsuku zobomi basemhlabeni isanta ingaba idume ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Abafundi bakaKristu abafumana ubungcwele

Ubunzima kulo mgca ohloniphekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo unikezelwa kubapostile - abafundi abasondeleyo kunye nabalandeli bakaYesu Kristu, abanikwe nguYe ngezipho ezikhethekileyo zokushumayela iLizwi likaThixo, ukuphilisa ukubandezeleka, ukukhupha iidemon kunye nokuvusa abafileyo. Emva kokuba becinga umsebenzi omkhulu wokusasaza ubuKristu, phantse bonke bafeze ubomi babo ngokufa komfel 'ukholo.

Ukusuka kwiVangeli, sifunda ukuba ukuze akhonze iBandla eladalileyo, uYesu wabizela abafundi bakhe abalishumi elinesibini, kodwa kamva bahlanganiswa nabanye abangamashumi asixhenxe, kunye nompostile uPawulos. Bonke baxhaswa kwinqanaba labapostile abangcwele. Ubungcwele bokuba ngabapostile bubuhlobo obukhethekileyo, kuba bekuqinisekisiwe nguYesu Kristu ngokwakhe. Kuyaziwa ukuba phakathi kwekhulu lesithathu, oko kukuthi, nangaphambi kokunqoba kobuKristu ngaphezu kobuhedeni, iinkonzo zikaThixo zenziwa ngenhlonipho yabo, kwaye kwintandathu yesithandathu kwakusungulwa iholide.

Imbali yobuKrestu nayo iyazi amagama enkqutyana ye-ascetics eyafumana udumo ngokusasaza ubuKrestu phakathi kwezizwe ezazixhatshazwa zobuhedeni. Ukususela ebulungiseleli babo babefana nabapostile, bazukiswa yiCawa kwinqanaba labapostile abalinganayo kwaye ngaloo ndlela benza ididi eyahlukileyo. Ubungcwele babo bubungqina bokukhanyiselwa kwezizwana ngokukhanya kwenyaniso kaKristu.

Bangcwele bexesha langaphambi kobuKristu

Ezi zimbini zilandelayo ziintlobo zabangcwele - abaprofeti kunye nookhokho, ebebekhankanywe apha kweli nqaku, beza kuthi bevela kwixesha leTestamente Elidala. Kwabokuqala bangabakhethiweyo, abo iNkosi iwanikezele umsebenzi okhethekileyo wokutyhilela abantu intando Yakhe, okanye, ngamanye amagama, ukuprofeta. KwiCawa leOthodoki, umyalelo othile wokunqula kwawo uqiniswe, kwaye iintsuku ezimbalwa ngonyaka (ikakhulu ngoDisemba) zizinikezelwe kwimemori yazo nganye.

ITestamente Endala iquka iincwadi ezininzi zabaprofeti, ixabiso elikhethekileyo apho ziqulethe ukuchazwa ngokubonakalayo okungeke kwenzeke kwihlabathi likaMesiya, wathumela ukuhlangula abantu kwisiqalekiso sesono sangaphambili. Ukubaluleka kwezi ngcwele kunkulu kangangokuba omnye wabo, umprofeti uIsaya, owayehlala kwikhulu le-8 BC, ubizwa ngokuba "ngumvangeli weshanu."

Phakathi kookhokho ngabazali abathandekayo abahlala kwixesha leTestamente elidala, kunye nabazali beNtombi kaMariya, ilungisa uJoachim noAna, ababizwa ngokuba yi-God-friars. Ubungcwele babo bubangelwa ziziganeko ezaba negalelo ekufikeni kwihlabathi likaMesiya, owasindisa abantu ebomini obungunaphakade.

Abaphumeleli abaNgcwele baPostile

Ukubonakala emhlabeni kuMninimzi kaThixo kwanikezela ukubonakala kwintsimi enkulu yabangcwele ababa ngababuyiselwa kubapostile baze baholele amaKristu. Abo bhishophu abathi, bebephezulu kumgangatho wobulungiseleli bobufundisi, babonise umzekelo wokuhlonela okuphezulu nokuzidela, icawa sele izukise kwizinga leengcwele iminyaka emibini.

Babandakanya inani elikhulu lababhishophu, oongcali-mabhishophu, iidolophu ezinkulu kunye noobukhokho, abaye banceda ekuqiniseni ukholo nasekuchaseni ngokunyanisekileyo ukuchasana nokunyaniseka. Umzekelo obalaseleyo woobuqhawe becawa yiSt. Nicholas uMmangaliso, uJohn Chrysostom, uGregory uMfundisi wezeNkolo kunye nabanye abaninzi.

Kuyaziwa ukuba ubulungisa nokuhlonela uThixo, kubonakaliswa ngabakhonzi bakaThixo, bahlala bevuzwa izipho ezithunyelwe zivela phezulu, enye yazo ikwazi ukwenza imimangaliso. Kungenxa yoko, ngelixa ufunda ubomi beengcwele ezininzi, umntu unokufumana inkcazelo yemimangaliso eyenziwe ngabo. Njengomthetho, oku kuphulukiswa kwabagulayo, uvuko lwabafileyo, ukuchazwa kwexesha elizayo kunye nokukhutshwa kwezinto zendalo.

Abafel 'ukholo bakaKristu

Icandelo elikhethekileyo liqukethe iinqanaba zobungcwele, ezixhomekeke ekubandezelekeni kuKristu. Ngabo abo, ngokuzimisela kwabo kwamkela ukuhlushwa nokufa, bafakazela ukholo ekunqukeni koNyana kaThixo phezu kokufa okungunaphakade. Iingcwele ezimalunga neli qela elikhulu lihlukaniswe ngamaqela amaninzi.

Abo bahloniphekile ukunyamezela ukuhlushwa kunzima kunye nexesha elide, badla ngokuba yi-Great Martyrs (abangcwele - i-Panteleimon, uGeorge onqobayo, uMartyrr Great Great Varvara). Ukuba umntu onjalo ngokuzithandela ungumbhishophu okanye umbingeleli, ngoko ubizwa ngokuba ngumfel 'ukholo oyingcwele (uHermogenes, u-Ignatius ophethe uThixo). Umonki, owamkele ukuhlushwa nokufa ngenxa yokholo lukaKristu, uzukiswa kwisikhundla seMartyrs (Omkhulu uDuchess Elizabeth Fedorovna). Kukho uluhlu lwabafel 'ukholo. Kuquka abo bawamkela ukufa nokuhlushwa ezandleni zabazalwana babo okholweni (iinqununu ezingcwele uBoris neGleb).

Ubungcwele, ozalwe kwiziphepho zekhulu lama-20

Umkhokheli wama-Orthodox wafela ukholo kakhulu ngekhulu lama-XX, ininzi yawo yaba yinkqubo yokutshutshiswa kwecawa, eyona nto yayingqineke ekunyanzelweni kwayo oko kwakunzima ukunyamezela kwiinkulungwane zokuqala zobuKristu. Eli xesha libonise ihlabathi elipheleleyo labathathu abafel 'ukholo kunye nabavumayo abahluphekayo ngenxa yokunyanzelisa, kodwa abazange balahle ukholo lwabo.

Kwababememezeli ngabo baqhubeka bevakalisa ngokukhululekile ukholo (ukuvuma), kungakhathaliseki ukuba usongelo lwejele kunye nokufa. Ngokungafani nabafel 'ukholo, aba bantu abafa ngokubulawa kogonyamelo, kodwa nangona kunjalo babethutshiswa kakhulu. Ubungcwele babo bubonakaliso bokulungela ukuzidela.

Imizekelo yalezi zigqibo zizaliswe phantse kuwo onke amashumi eminyaka yolawulo lukaThixo oluseRussia. Amagumbi angentla apha angachazwa njengamaqela oyingcwele ngokuthe ngqo ahlobene nokunyamezeleka kukaKristu, kuba abangcwele bazukiswa kubo, ukuhlupheka, bafaniswa noMsindisi.

Abangcwele, ebomini njengezithunywa zezulu

Ngokubhekiselele ekubaleni ubungcwele, omnye makabe negama elibanzi, apho abo ababa ngumdla wobomi baba ngumbuso wobungqina. Xa begqibile indlela yomhlaba, bazukiswa ebusweni babangcwele.

Isikhundla esiphakamileyo sisicatshulwa kwinto yokuba, emva kokulahla ihlabathi elingenanto kunye nokugqithisela kwabo ngokwabo ukuhamba kweminqweno, baba njengobomi, okokuthi, baba njengezithunywa zikaThixo. Imikhosi yabo ihlotshiswe ngamagama angcwele uSergius waseRadonezh, uSeraphim waseSarov, iTheophanes i-Recluse nabanye abaninzi.

Umkhosi wabathetheli abathembekileyo

Icawa yamaOthodoki nayo iyabahlonela imemori yalabo bantwana abathi, bebephezulu, basebenzise ukuqinisa ukholo nomsebenzi wenceba. Ekupheleni kobomi babo, bahlala phakathi kwabathembekile. Olu hlobo luquka ookumkani, oomakhosikazi, iinkosana kunye namakhosazana.

Le nkcubeko yafika eRashiya evela eByzantium, apho abalawuli babambe iqhaza ebomini kwibandla kwaye babe namandla amakhulu ekuxazululeni izinto ezibalulekileyo zonqulo. Namhlanje abantu abaninzi bayaziqhelanisa neemifanekiso ezibonisa iinkosana ezithembekileyo uDmitry Donskoy, uAlexander Nevsky kunye noDaniel waseMoscow, onobuhle bakhe buhlotshiswe nge-halo - isimbolo sobungcwele.

Abalungileyo nabangathandekiyo kwizithunywa zeengelosi

Ubulungisa luyingxenye ebalulekileyo yobomi bukaThixo bonke, kodwa phakathi kwabo kukho abo baphumelele ngokukhethekileyo kulo mbandela kwaye babeke umzekelo wokwakhiwa kwenzalo yabo. Bafakwe kwisigaba esahlukileyo kwaye bazukiswe ebusweni belilungisa. Icawa yaseRashiya yazi amagama amaninzi anjalo-uJondani u-John waseKronstadt, uStephen wase-Omsk kunye no-Alexy (Mechev). Baya kuba ngabalingani, umzekelo u-Admiral Ushakov noSimon Verkhotury.

Esinye isiphumo sobulungisa kuyimfuneko yokuncedisa abantu ngokungenabugovu. Abangcwele, abagcoba ubomi babo kunye ne-feat, babizwa ngokuba bangenakunqandwa kwaye baquka iqela elizimeleyo. Ezi ziquka oogqirha abathi bafundisa umgaqo "zonke iitalente zinikwa nguThixo, kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe ekuzukisweni kwakhe."

Umninimzi wabo ungenakwenzeka, kwaye akukho nantoni na ongazange aveze amagama abo bangcwele njenge-Panteleimon engabonakaliyo okanye iKosma kunye neDemian. Baye bahlaziywa kwinqanaba labafel 'ukholo, oluqhelekileyo, xa unye ongcwele uzukisa uThixo ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo.

Abahlaziyiweyo nabatshitshisiweyo benyaniso kaThixo

Kwaye ekugqibeleni, esinye isigaba, esiye safumana inkululeko ekhethekileyo eRashiya kangangeminyaka emininzi. Le ndlela yobungcwele ayiqhelekanga kwaye ngeendlela ezininzi. Ubusisiwe, okanye, ngamanye amazwi, iidenge eziyingcwele, eRussia ukususela kumaxesha amandulo abizwa ngokuthi abo, ngaphantsi kokungcola kwangaphandle, bawunyathela yonke ixabiso lehlabathi eliqhelekileyo, kuquka ukuzinikela kwangaphandle.

Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuziphatha kwabo kwakushukumisayo kangangokuba ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi lwabanye abazange baxeliswe kuphela kunye neentloni, kodwa nokubetha. Nangona kunjalo, ekugqibeleni, ukuzithoba nokuzimela ngokuzithandela kwakuboniswa njengokulandela umzekelo kaKristu. Phakathi kwabangcwele baseRussia ebusweni bentsikelelo abantu abangaphezu kwemashumi amabini badunyiswayo, ininzi edumeleyo yiBasil Uyolo, Xenia wasePetersburg noAndrew waseConstantinople.

Leli gama elithi "ubungcwele", ngaphandle kweentsingiselo zentsapho, lisoloko lisetyenziselwa ebomini behlabathi ukukhetha izinto kunye neengcamango ezifuna imbeko ehloniphekileyo nangokwenene. Ngokwenene, umzekelo, umntu uza kuphikisana nokuqinisekiswa kweentetho ezifana "ubungcwele bokuba ngumama" okanye "imemori engcwele yamaqhawe awile". Kule mizekelo, akukho zikholo zonqulo, kodwa nangona kunjalo ukuthethwa ubungcwele kuhlala kuhambelana nokubonakalisa ubukhulu bokomoya nobumsulwa.