Abanya Tower: inkcazo loyilo. Abanya izixhobo kumaXesha Aphakathi

Abanya izixhobo - ubudala efanayo kwiidolophu ezinqatyisiweyo. Njengoko sinokungqinelwa zakudala, baqale bavela eMesopotamiya kwi BC II kwiwaka. e. Kumaxesha amandulo, eloyisile ilizwana elikufuphi lancitshiswa ngokuyintloko kuthinjwe iinqaba zayo eziphambili. Ngenxa yoko, nasekuxinweni waba Amaqhinga awalithabathayo impi oyimpumelelo yaye izixhobo zokungqinga - indlela ephumelelayo ukufezekisa le njongo.

Abanya nezixhobo yore

iindonga ashinyeneyo kunye emasangweni edolophu ukuze wayila lwemipu ngenqindi usebenzisa zeegusha. Aba ngomthi kunye obkladyvali izikhumba zezilwanyana ekrwada ukukhusela nxamnye iintolo sigade kunye nemixube zayo. Ekupheleni yemvu jikelele yobhedu unxitywe netiphu zentsimbi kamva.

Isilinge - esinye isixhobo, nasekuxinweni, idla ngokusetyenziswa umkhosi yotshaba. Ezi sampuli okuqala ukwahluka bokuhlala intambo kunye iintolo, ekhwele ukwindlela yokuma. Kamva kwalutyhutyha version ephathekayo, elifakwe amavili kunye umpu buyo. Ezi ziquka isilinge, strelomety, ballista, onager.

leri nga ukunciphisa zezona ndlela iqhelekileyo zokubetha, ekubeni ivumela ukuba boyise imiqobo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ubude babo elifutshane ukuphakama eludongeni, ngoko ukwandisa intambo asebenzisa iminatha amahaki nentsimbi zigxunyekwe koqoqo eludongeni.

Abanya Ingxonde kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi bahlala enye koomatshini ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo kunye kuvalwe iindlela umzi, kunye zakhe ezinde kamva ephakathi. Eyokuqala kwezi livele kwi-East Ancient, nge ezinye iinguqulelo ziye zasetyenziswa ngempumelelo de bamaXesha Aphakathi.

Ukukhankanywa yokuqala yokubonisela

Asiriya kokuvula nasekuxinweni izixeko zobuciko. Ngenxa abembi siyazi ngoku, ofana ezinde baseNineve - elikomkhulu baseAsiriya yamandulo. Imifanekiso Giant ukuba ihonjiswe iindonga komkhulu, atywinwe zonke amaqhinga ukuba Asiriya kusetyenziswa zokungqinga izixeko.

Of umdla kuboniswa yokubonisela kubo. Yaba isakhiwo multiwheel ngomthi, wayifulela amakhuko. Xa phambi kwalo matshini waba inqaba encinane, apho Amajoni ayithatha ikhusi yegusha ukushaya. Kakade ke, i-Asiriya yayinjalo kuphela owasebenzisa izixhobo efanayo yasemkhosini.

NoXenophon, umbhali-mbali ongumGrike kunye nenkokheli emkhosini, uye wasishiya inkcazo izithuthi ezazihamba umkhosi kaKoreshi. Kuyo sifunda ukuba namaPersi waba inqaba lokungqinga amabali eziliqela phezulu. Umzantsi, kuquka amavili, bema 5.6 m ngaphezu komhlaba, ubunzima imoto ngaphezu kwama-3 tonnes. Intshukumo yayo isetyenziswa 8 iinkomo. Noko ke, abanye ababhali-mbali bakholelwa ukuba ezi iinqaba yona ayikho kakhulu ngenxa yokuhlaselwa, kodwa kunokuba ukugcina umkhosi edabini.

Art Ukungqingwa Carthage ne Greece

I Carthaginians wathatha indawo East, ngoko babezazi zeegusha neenqaba zokungqinga. Diodor Sitsiliysky, ichaza singqingiwe njalo ke izixeko yesiGrike. YeSisili umkhosi Carthaginian of ithawula, ingakumbi, ibhekisela ukuphakama ezizodwa ezi neenqaba ezinde phezu kweendonga Selinunte. Bayirhawula abasawuli kunye abatoli, ezibe phezu imigangatho aphezulu kwenqaba, ngokulula bachukunyiswa abavikeli esi sixeko, ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba kuqalise elitshiswayo phezu kodonga lwesixeko eso.

ababhali abane yamandulo Bagciniwe kuthi inkcazo gelepolya - iinqaba zokungqinga omkhulu, esetyenziswa yi ngamaGrike. kwicala ngalinye isiseko yevili kumatshini ulingana no-21 m, kanti crossbeams yayo wahlulelana isithuba yangaphakathi apho waphumla abo eliphakamise Tower phambili. Gelepol ngokwakhe waba imigangatho 9 eziqhagamshelene nobhazabhaza ezimbini: ukufumana phantsi avuke.

Umgangatho ngamnye ecaleni ngaphambili kufuneka iifestile nemivalo ngomthi avulwa ngexesha Ukuphoswa projectiles. Kokuba kuthathwe ukuba onjalo ngumsina zokungqinga inqaba malunga 40 eemitha aphezulu ihamba ngokucotha kakhulu, nangona iinkcazelo ngendlela ezaqala, akazange asinde. Ukuze ukukhusela zokwakha ngamaplanga emlilweni, kwicala neendonga ngaphambili igcwele zentsimbi okanye ngesikhumba ezihlalweni.

Ukubetha Tower amaRoma

Malunga ukususela BC kwinkulungwane II. e. AmaRoma baqala ukusebenzisa ngakumbi nenqaba ekungqingweni, nasekuxinweni izixeko. mbali Military samandulo Rome Vegetius washiya inkcazelo olude eneenkcukacha lwezithuthi yokulwa. Kulo kulandela ukuba amaRoma nokunganyanzelisi nto ekhethwayo ubuchule functional, kunokuba uzama ukubetha utshaba yi ubukhulu bayo.

Ngokutsho Vegetius, Tower ( "Tour" - ukusuka Latin turres ambulatorie) yahlulwa kumanqanaba amathathu. Umgangatho komhlaba kwakukho yegusha ukushaya, lo elivulekayo yesibini kocingo eziethe, yaye ekugqibeleni, ngomhla wesithathu - iqonga abatoli kunye kwangulamntu nomkhonto. Le nqaba, ngokuxhomekeke kwendawo ukuphakama kweendonga isixeko 15 okanye 27 eemitha.

Uyilo sheathe sheets zesinyithi okanye ngesikhumba kunye iingubo ezimfuma Ukuxokonyezelelwa izinto ezingezizo ukutsha. Xa ende sifika iindonga njengomzi ongqingiweyo, ibhulorho ye kumgangatho wesibini watyunjwa, eyenza amajoni ukuya kwisakhiwo kamasipala.

A Fort kumaXesha Aphakathi

Nangona yokuba ekugqibeleni impucuko yamandulo bayishiya nqanaba imbali, impumelelo entsimini izixhobo zomkhosi kwaqhubeka kusetyenziswa kumaXesha Aphakathi. iinjini abanya, kuquka iinqaba ukubetha asetyenziswa kwafa kuthabathela emizini kunye ezinde ephakathi. labo amaqhinga sebenzisa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo awuyitshintshanga.

Kanye njengokuba ngaphambili, kumaXesha Aphakathi zazakhiwe ngomthi, wazaleka izikhumba equine okanye lenkomo. Xa kwentungo yenqaba leyo inde baba crossbowmen kunye abatoli, kunye catapults maxa wambi ezincinane. Kumgangatho ongezantsi ilawulwa yegusha kunye tip ngentsimbi okanye imisebenzi, nto leyo yashukumisa iindonga wamatye.

Wayethimba iinqaba ephakathi

Umsebenzi wokulungiselela landulelwe yiloo aphume le nqaba okanye isixeko, wafuna ixesha elininzi kunye nemali. Kwakhona wayibeka wayengekho ingasebenzi. Izihlandlo baye benza okuthile phantsi kwekhwapha ebusuku ekampini yotshaba ukuba atshabalalise izakhiwo zokungqinga, kuquka iinqaba ngamaplanga.

Kuhla inqaba kunye leri nga yaba isixhobo yokuqala ebisetyenziselwe nabangqingi. Ukuba akukho nempumelelo, ngoko ke kutshintsho kwafa elide yaye zibe negalelo inqaba. Hambisa usebenzisa winches kufutshane eludongeni inqaba. Kwimeko apho ngempumelelo ukubetha isiphumo kushenxa lungathathwa isonjululwe.