Abantwana abakhubazekileyo - abantwana abakhubazekileyo. Iinkqubo yabantwana abakhubazekileyo

Eyona ndlela isebenzayo lombutho yoqeqesho abantwana abakhubazekileyo kwikhaya isebenza ngendlela ekude, nto leyo iquka ukusetyenziswa kolwazi kunye nonxibelelwano eliphezulu.

Njengenxenye yenkqubo yokufunda, leyo ukusebenza kude, ngokuba umfundi ngamnye uyakwazi lisekwa esisodwa ikharityhulam, apha naphaya awohluke ayo yempilo kunye neemfuno zemfundo (izicwangciso uqeqesho olululo olubalungiselela ekufumaneni msebenzi ezinqwenelekayo).

Njengoko ungayiqondiyo imela HIA?

Kuyinto abaneziphene ngendlela eqhelekileyo kunye abangenagama. Ngako oko, abantwana abakhubazekileyo - abantwana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutenxa (engqondweni nasemzimbeni), ebangela yaphula ngokwemvelo uphuhliso lwabo lulonke, ngokunxulumene abasukuba akasoloko ngokonwaba ngokupheleleyo.

Njengenxalenye nomba emfundo kwenziwa nkcazelo exineneyo ngakumbi. Abantwana abakhubazekileyo - abantwana kuye kophulwa lophuhliso psychophysical (intetho, umbono, nokuva, inkqubo weentshukumo, ubukrelekrele, njalo-njalo), bahlale zifuna uqeqesho olulodwa okulungisa nemfundo.

Ukufunda ngembalelwano ikhubaziwe abantwana

Ilungelo lemfundo kuye yiprayorithi ilungelo ezentlalo nenkcubeko ukuze wonke umntu ngenxa yokuba oko kubonwa sphere wobomi ekuhlaleni, isiphumo nto ibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yophuhliso lwabantu.

Xa iimeko mihla ke olu didi abemi ezifana abantwana abakhubazekileyo, oko ujongene neengxaki (zomthetho, zemali, intlangano, ubuchule kunye nokusingqongileyo kwasekuhlaleni) ngokumalunga nethuba zokuphunyezwa kwayo. Ngokuphathelele oku ethile ngokungxamisekileyo kunye sisi- uzuza ukufunda mechanism siseko kunye neyomthetho ukuqinisekisa ilungelo lemfundo.

Imfundo yabantwana abakhubazekileyo ngokusebenzisa umgama ivumela ukubonelela umntwana zonke ngemfundo esemgangathweni ophezulu nokuba kwindawo ethile yokufunda. Ukufumana ulwazi ngokusebenzisa bume ulwazi computing inika umntwana ithuba lokuzuza izakhono ezifanelekileyo ebendimfuna kwixesha elizayo kwaye ukuba ukusebenza kunye ubukho kuwonkewonke jikelele.

Ukuziqhelisa, amaxesha amaninzi oko singqiniwe ukuba ukufunda ngokusebenzisa umgama ubugcisa imfundo kwenza ukufikeleleka abantwana abakhubazekileyo imfundo efanelekileyo, kwakunye nophuhliso epheleleyo inkqubo esisiseko yemfundo yemfundo jikelele eziziisekondari.

Iinzuzo Ukufundela

Apha, utitshala network kunye kootitshala bokuhlohla (teacher-leengcebiso) liya kuqhuba izifundo usebenzisa ekhethekileyo itshati flow, esetyenziswa njengoko individualization kwenkqubo yokufunda ngokusebenzisa ezahlukeneyo imifuziselo ngamnye-based yombutho kunye kwekharityhulam kunye nezifundo (kuxhomekeka kwiimfuno kanye amakhono kolu didi abafundi).

Eyona njongo ephambili yemfundo apha ukhuseleko yesazisi somntwana, kunye nokudalwa iimeko ezifanelekileyo ukubonakaliswa kwayo. Oku kuphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa umyalelo neenkalo, nto leyo ethatha ingqalelo iqondo nokwenziwa kolwazi kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, isantya imisebenzi yayo kunye nophuhliso lwezakhono nobuchule ezahlukeneyo.

Zeziphi iimeko ezifunekayo ukuseka amaziko emfundo yabantwana abakhubazekileyo?

Kufuneka aqinisekise iimpawu ezifana:

1. Achievement iziphumo ekulindeleke ngokunxulumene nophuhliso lwabo bonke abafundi lweenkqubo ezingundoqo zemfundo kwemfundo yaseprayimari jikelele.

2. Ukusetyenziswa omabini amaqondo omlinganiselo eqhelekileyo ngqo impumelelo ezifundweni labantwana abakhubazekileyo ukuba ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezemfundo zawo.

izinga 3. Ukwanela uhlolo Ukwahluka lwengqibelelo ebalulekileyo umntwana ngamnye abakhubazekileyo, kunye nabanye abafundi, kunye nabazali (okanye umgcini osemthethweni) kunye nabasebenzi besikolo.

4. ulwenziwo yenkqubo yemfundo ngokumalunga nabantwana abakhubazekileyo.

5. Uphuhliso obekujoliswe kulo ubuchule kule didi abafundi ukuba basebenzisane nokunxibelelana kunye noontanga babo.

6. ubuchule Development kunye nokuchongwa yabantwana abakhubazekileyo ngokusebenzisa amacandelo, amaqela, imibutho kunye Studios, kwakunye nombutho imisebenzi luncedo ekuhlaleni, kuquka nayiphi na inkqubo zentlalo, esebenzisa izakhono yoqeqesho ekhoyo ngakumbi amaziko emfundo.

7. inxaxheba abafundi abakhubazekileyo ukhuphiswano enobuchule ngokwasengqondweni elivumelekileyo, yabo imisebenzi uyilo kunye nophando kunye nobuchule lwenzululwazi nobugcisa.

8. Ukubandakanyeka labantwana abakhubazekileyo, nabazali kunye nabasebenzi nokufundisa kuphuhliso lweenkqubo ezingundoqo zemfundo kwemfundo yaseprayimari ngokubanzi, kwakunye kuyilo lweemeko zentlalo yangaphakathi kwaye ukuyilwa iindlela zokufunda ngamnye.

9. Ukusetyenziswa njengenxenye yenkqubo yemfundo ezintsha, inzululwazi-based ubuchwepheshe siluleko zijolise kwiimfuno ezizodwa zemfundo kubafundi abakhubazekileyo.

10. Cooperation kwisithuba emfundo kunye aphakamileyo, kunye nezikolo zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa, nto leyo eza kuvumela ukusetyenziswa elinemveliso iminyaka emininzi yamava okufundisa kunye ngokuphathelele kwimfundo yabantwana abakhubazekileyo, kwakunye ukusebenzisa i ngokukodwa wadala le resource.

Ngoko ke, imfuneko ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo ngamnye kubantwana abakhubazekileyo, leyo ngokuyimfuneko abazali babo kufuneka babandakanyeke. Ngale ndlela esazi ngayo uxanduva lwalo ngokuphathelele kumgangatho wobomi komntwana babo, hayi nje kuphela kweli usapho kodwa esikolweni.

Cerebral Palsy kubantwana: Oonobangela

Ewe abamalunga nama-50. Noko ke, bonke babe iingcambu zabo ukukhulelwa ezingalunganga nokuzalwa elandelayo.

I (nemiphumela ebangela ezibi kakhulu) libaluleke kakhulu ziquka:

1. Acute anoxia ngethuba lokubeleka (umzekelo, ngenxa tight azibophelele imfesane yosana, beendawo nokushwabana delamination al.) Okanye elide emva kokuzalwa (usana mveku: iiveki ngaphantsi kwe 37 yokumitha okanye enobunzima ngaphantsi kwe-2 kg). Ingakumbi yingozi zinakanwa ukuzalwa mveku necandelo ngoqhaqho.

2. Ubukho lweNTSHOLONGWANE intrauterine (cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, rubella, njalo njalo).

3. isifo ezimandundu hemolytic usana (ukungavumelani ngumzimba phakathi unina kunye negazi ezingekazalwa).

4. izinto eziliqela eteratogenic ezichaphazela inkqubo luvo ubukhulu becala ku ekhulelwe ekuqaleni (umz, lokuthathwa iziyobisi akuvumelekanga, kuquka izicwangcisi hormone, ukubekwa kwemitha, njalo njalo).

Kwaye ukuba nje izinto ezimbi ezimbalwa ezinokubangela abanedumbe lengqondo abantwana, kwaye kwenzakalisa kakhulu kwimpilo yomntwana.

Iimpawu babantwana ongaboniyo

Njengokuba sele ziqala ngasentla, abantwana nabantu abakhubazekileyo - udidi lwabantu nabanye uhlobo lomonakalo. Kulo mzekelo - umsebenzi ezibonwayo.

Ngokutsho isifundo kolu didi abantwana, emva mkhuba of the Dynamics ukuphazamiseka ezithile olubonakalayo ziye zachongwa:

1. Inani labantwana kunye nombono eyintsalela (90%), liye landa kakhulu. Zezi:

• ngokupheleleyo blind - 3-4%;
• ukusuka kwimbono ekukhanyeni - 7%;
• VIZUS nge 0,06 - 10%.

2. Ukwanda ipesenti ukuphazamiseka olubonakalayo entsonkothileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimeko ezimbalwa kuphela zinxulunyaniswa ongaboniyo, obubonakala ngokuba yincwadi evuliweyo bazoyise omnye umsebenzi wayo. izifundo ezininzi kule yasendle yaqinisekisa ukuba uninzi eyodwa kufuneka 2-3 isifo amehlo.

3. Ukwandisa inani iziphene ezihamba isifo olubonakalayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zibandakanya yaphula nkqubo luvo.

Ukuhlanganiswa yabantwana abakhubazekileyo epriskuli

Le inkqubo yokufundisa abantwana abakhubazekileyo ngaphakathi kwiziko lemfundo elo uhlobo jikelele. Olu daba kunikwa ingqalelo enkulu kakhulu namhlanje.

semfundo esihlanganisiweyo kuthetha ukuba abantwana abakhubazekileyo epriskuli kufuneka sifunde enye izakhono, ubuchule kunye nolwazi kunye ngaxeshanye, njengoko ngokuqhelekileyo nokuphuhlisa.

Loo yobudala uthole kucingwa ukuba elihle kakhulu ekudibaniseni abantwana abakhubazekileyo waya iqela koontanga babo kunye nophuhliso yesiqhelo.

Imfundo yabantwana abakhubazekileyo esikolweni

Ziye ke zithathwe apho emva kokufumana nowokupheliswa yiKomishoni zokufundisa kunye novavanyo-ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni, nto leyo kufuneka kuchazwe ukuba umntwana bangaqeqeshwa njengenxalenye yesikolo ezibanzi.

Kukho kwakhona inika iinkcukacha malunga iimpawu zengqondo kunye zokufundiswa nophuhliso lomntu othile, kwakunye iziphumo zokuxilonga kwezi ndawo. Izincomo ezichaphazelekayo imisebenzi ezihamba zihlelwe kwiphothifoliyo yomfundi.

Kuyaziwa umi ukuba inguqu ukusuka kokuya esikolweni ukuya eludongeni kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi i ilula ingxaki, ephambili imisebenzi yenkonzo inkxaso ngoko owenza umsebenzi lothintelo nabantwana abakhubazekileyo malunga ekuthinteleni ingxaki kwexesha wokuziqhelanisa.

Waba yintoni ijongana abantwana abakhubazekileyo inguqu ukusuka kokuya esikolweni ukuya esikolweni?

Xa ithuba iingxaki ukulungiswa ziquka:

• zobuqu (a iqondo eliphezulu ixhala, ukungaqiniseki kwimikhosi, inkuthazo yokufunda phantsi, ezingonelanga ukuzithemba);
• socio-zengqondo (eziliqela iingxaki maladjustment zentlalo);
• kwengqondo (ingqalelo, ukucinga, inkumbulo, imbono, njalo njalo. d.).

Eyona ndlela lemisebenzi kweenkonzo zenkxaso

Abantwana abakhubazekileyo esikolweni kufuneka kufumana lonke inkxaso yoqeqesho kwezi nkalo zilandelayo:

1. amanyathelo zokuChonga malunga amacandelo ngokweemvakalelo volitional, ngendlela ekhuthazayo yaye cognitive ubuntu yomfundi.
2. umsebenzi kohlaziyo.
3. amanyathelo lombutho (school thethwano ngokwasengqondweni, unyango kunye zokufundisa, zombini iintlanganiso abasebenzi ezinkulu nezincinane, iiseshoni zoqeqesho, iintlanganiso kunye nabazali nabafundi, ootitshala kunye nabameli administration).
4. umsebenzi zengcebiso kunye nabafundi kunye nabazali babo kunye nootitshala.
5. amanyathelo azizithintelo (nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ezijolise ekujonganeni imiba malunga intsebenziswano nabanye abantu).
6. imisebenzi ukulungiswa kunye nophuhliso ngendlela (oomasifundisane ngamnye kunye neqela kunye nabafundi ezinzima bhetyebhetye).

Ukuhlelwa lodidi lwabantu yi A. R. Muller

Oku kusekelwe uhlobo ethile yolwaphulo-mthetho, oko kukuthi, abantwana abakhubazekileyo kungaba:

• izithulu;
• ongezwa;
• emva kwexesha deafened;
• iimfama;
• abangaboniyo;
• waphula umthetho imisebenzi kwenkqubo musculoskeletal;
• waphula umthetho ngokweemvakalelo volitional;
• abakhubazeke ngokwasengqondweni;
• kunye ukukhubazeka engqondweni;
• nokuphazamiseka kakhulu intetho;
• abakhubazeke ezintsonkothileyo zophuhliso entsonkothileyo.

Ezintandathu iintlobo dizontogeneza V. Lebedinskogo

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, abantwana nabantu abakhubazekileyo - udidi lwabantu abakhubazeke ezithile. Ngoko ke, uhlobo lokuqala izenzo ezinjalo dizontogeneza baswele engqondweni. imodeli yakhe yoqobo - yokudodobala kwengqondo.

Uhlobo lwesibini - nophuhliso yalityaziswa zimelwe poliformnoy iqela ukuba ombane (infantilism, izakhono zezikolo kakuhle umba wokungaphuhliswa imisebenzi ephezulu cortical, kunye nabanye.).

Uhlobo lwesithathu iquka ngokonakalisa uphuhliso engqondweni (ekuqaleni eqhelekileyo, yaye kamva anyhashwe ngenxa ukwenzakala okanye izigulo CNS).

Okwesine - kusilela yophuhliso, nto leyo a iinguqulelo yezengqondo-emzimbeni, kodwa kuxhomekeke yanyhashwa nokuba umbono, okanye inkqubo musculoskeletal, okanye ukuva.

Le mbono eyesihlanu egqwethekileyo uphuhliso, esibonakala indibanisela lweentlobo ngasentla.

Yesithandathu - yaphula inkqubo ukubunjwa yesazisi. Kulo mzekelo, imodeli boqobo na iintlobo ezahlukeneyo psychopathology.

Kakuhle eli imisebenzi ukuxhasa abantwana abakhubazekileyo izindlu zamabhoda

Ukulungiswa-ukuphuhlisa umsebenzi kunye nabantwana abakhubazekileyo - kukunceda kuphuhliso lwabo yengqondo nezentlalo (ukuyilwa imifanekiso yokuziphatha kakuhle zentlalo-yaye ukuba baziqhelanise kunye nenkcubeko yoluntu, izakhono nobuchule imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yokufunda).

Ubume imfundo noqeqesho yabantwana abakhubazekileyo wophuhliso na kumxonxi njalo ngexesha lobudala ngalinye baza banikwa imisebenzi ngokubanzi kwaye ethile okulungisa.

Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe ukuba baqwalasele ngokugcinwa kolu didi lwabantu imisebenzi?

Abantwana abakhubazekileyo unique, ngoko ukhathalelo yokulungisa kufuneka elowo nalowo, kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kufuneka onzima, nomonde kunye nomsebenzi okungqalileyo. Ootitshala kufuneka ukuba kucace gca ukuba uhlobo iindlela zokufundisa kuhle ukuba isicelo umfundi ethile, ukunceda ngayo ukumelana neenzima kwikhosi yoqeqesho, ikakhulu anxulumene yokugula kwakhe.

Ukusebenza nabantwana abakhubazekileyo abangathathi ubudala zabasakhasayo zibandakanywe nawo kwindawo zemfundo nophuhliso eyenzelwe ngokukodwa, kwakunye umbutho woqeqesho kufuneka neziqu, nto leyo kufuneka athathe ingqalelo leminyaka yabo kwaye neempawu psychophysical.

Ngoko ke, ekugqibeleni, kufuneka kwakhona kukukhumbuza okotshiweyo Siye sahlolisisa nesizathu ingqiqo. Abantwana abakhubazekileyo - udidi lwabantu, obubonakala ngokuba ukuphazamiseka (ngengqondo okanye ngokwasemzimbeni), nto leyo endinga indlela eziququzelelwe kakhulu ekufundeni.