Abadlali kakhulu ehlabathini: buchopho ezintathu ezinkulu

Kwiinkulungwane ezimbini zokugqibela imbali game chess banika ihlabathi inani elikhulu amagama amakhulu. Ke phakathi kwabo, usenakho kandziyisa abo nga ngokuba buchopho omkhulu. Bonke abadlali kakhulu - ezintathu. Oku Garry Kasparov, uBobby Fischer, Pol Morfi.

Garry Kasparov: biography kanye yokuqala impumelelo

Garry Kasparov - kubungqondi kakhulu wechess. Njengoko le ntshatsheli weshumi, washiya umsebenzi wakhe abakudidi yayo. Kodwa kude kube ngoku, abadlali phambili ehlabathini ukuxelisa wa kwephupha umdlalo wakhe.

Kasparov wazalelwa kwintsapho wafundiswa Baku ngo-1963. Abazali bakhe, bobabini kunye unina noyise iinjineli. Akukho mntu owaziyo ukuba zeziphi ubudala kuqala waba nomdla itshesi, uHarry. EyoQobo icala elinye kuphela - xa lo mfana wayeneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, wacebisa wakhe etude uyise isisombululo, eyapapashwa kwiphephandaba. Umzobo ingqalelo nokukwazi umntwana wabo, abazali ndagqiba kwelokuba ndimthumele kuye kwicandelo chess.

ukufumana isihloko

Kulo nyaka wokuqala wezifundo, uHarry liyifumene irenki yokuqala wechess. Kwangaxeshanye, uHarry ithunyelwa njengelungu leqela Azerbaijani e Vilnius. Kukho ikamva umdlali best chess ehlabathini Uqhelene kunye nomqeqeshi wakhe elizayo, umcebisi kunye nomhlobo Aleksandrom Nikitinym. Ngomhla icebiso Nikitin, Kasparov uqala izifundo zakhe esikolweni imbalelwano ichess Botvinnik yaye kungekudala waba chess solusapho oncedisayo.

Ngowe-1974, enkosi kwimisebenzi lonina, uHarry ifumana igama elitsha (igama lakhe ekuzalweni waba Weinstein), kunye ubuzwe. Ngowe-1975, Kasparov ihamba phambili eSoviet Itshesi Championship phakathi juniors. Ngowe-1980, yena kuqala wafumana itayitile nguGrandmaster. Ngowe-1984, oko iqala longquzulwano omkhulu phakathi kwamazwe amabini ngumdlalo - Garry Kasparov kunye Anatoly Karpov. Umlo kuba ubuntshatsheli ngowe-1985, enikezela isihloko Kasparov chess 13 undikho.

Pol Morfi: kwiminyaka yokuqala

Ranking abadlali kakhulu ehlabathini yaye usoloko iquka yintshatsheli sesine - Paul Morphy. Wazalwa e New Orleans, kwintsapho ngokwanelisayo esisityebi. Ukususela kwiminyaka ekuqaleni inkumbulo yakhe yabothusa abantu abadala abaninzi. Ngokomzekelo, ndaya kungena amagqwetha indlu bamangaliswa ukuba uPawulos oselula uyazi ngentloko yonke imithetho State of eLouisiana ikhowudi yoluntu. umalume wakhe Wayengomnye wabadlali ezinkulu chess yesixeko. akukho mntu Child wafundisa imithetho yomdlalo - uye yoncutshe yabo. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-10, Pol Morfi wayengomnye the best New Orleans.

Ukufumana isihloko intshatsheli

Qala chess umsebenzi of Paul Morphy sabekwa phezu chess tumente ngezizwe eLondon. Eneminyaka engama-20 waba chess umdlali best eMelika, zibetha zonke izitha zakhe. Ukuphelelwa nekhulu imidlalo waphulukana 5 kuphela - kwaye abo woyisa na abadlali kakhulu ehlabathini. Nakule wonke wechess nguGrandmaster yayingekho loo nto ibiya kufana nendlela play Morphy. Wayebalasele yi isantya, Ukuntsonkotha kunye ndlongondlongo.

Umdlali ixakayo kwimbali Bobby Fischer

Eleshumi elinanye World Chess Champion yaseMelika Bobby Fischer. Wazalwa eChicago ngo-1943. Nonina chess elizayo ungumYuda owayehlala eSwitzerland. Uyise - eziphilayo waseJamani owafuduka yiSoviet Union e Chile.

Bobby Fischer, ukongeza ubuntshatsheli bakhe, eyaziwa kunye neengxelo ezingaqhelekanga. Ngokomzekelo, xa ndandikwishumi elivisayo, wayesithi esikolweni - loo ndawo nganto ngokupheleleyo nabafazi mabangabi kufuneka basebenze apho ngenxa yobuyatha yakhe. Ngokubanzi, nangona Fisher kunye nabanye abadlali abaphambili kweli hlabathi kuluhlu enye, le misebenzi ibalwe njengenye yezona lenze kunye kakhulu wabacekisayo.

chule obungaqhelekanga, ebonakaliswa ebuntwaneni

Fischer wayedlala chess ekubeni eneminyaka emithandathu. Umntwana ukuze lasiwa umdlalo wechess, wayeka ukuncokola nabantwana yobudala bakhe, besithi phakathi kwabo akazange akwazi ukufumana liqabane ufanelwe ukuba umdlalo. Unina ekuqaleni bagqiba ukuya wengqondo, kodwa waqinisekisa umfazi, besithi ukuba ichess ikuba elungileyo kunye nto eziyingozi xa ukuziphatha yomntwana nto. Umama waqalisa ukukhangela neqabane kuba inkwenkwe umdlalo ngokusebenzisa iintengiso kwiphephandaba, kodwa akazange akwazi ukufumana. Kamva, uBobby Fischer wechess ebizwa lakhe "ukutshintsha ego."

Le zokucwangcisa idumileyo

Ngowe-1972 yena ebebambe Fischer tumente ezaziwayo-kakuhle kakhulu - kunye umdlali chess eSoviet Borisom Spasskim. Ukhuphiswano yabanjwa e Reykjavik. Apho Fisher amanqaku kwi-21 kwaye ufumane lobuntshatsheli. Kamva, Noko ke, Fischer, ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu, ungafuni ukukhuphisana Anatoliem Karpovym, uze emva koko iminyaka engamashumi wayephila ubomi reclusive.

umnqweno Strange Bobbi Fishera

uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo uthethe kakubi malunga kumazwe ahlukeneyo: kuthekani eRashiya, malunga eIceland, i-United States of. Fischer waba kwisiseko elungileyo kunye nabameli ezahlukeneyo kumaqela ahlelelekileyo - ezifana abashumayeli amahlelo ahlukeneyo, kwakunye Mafia. Kwakhona Fischer wazama ukuba ushiye inzala, eya kuba yemfuza twatse kunye naye - ukuba ilifa isipho sakhe.

Abadlali kakhulu ehlabathini. Ekuza kuba lula Abaphelelwe ngamandla?

Ngaloo ekhulisa bayahlelwa elinye chess buchopho omkhulu. Nangona kunjalo, oku asikokuphela kwayo. 10 abadlali kakhulu ehlabathini namhlanje - it Carlsen Magnus, uVladimir Kramnik, Aronyan Levon, teymur Radzhabov kunye nabanye. Ukubala amandla abadlali chess sebenzisa i ebizwa ngokuba yi-sobudala Elo. It siqulunqwe sisazinzulu American ayinjengeArpadi Elo. 1989, umgca yokuqala rating wathabatha bby Fischer emva - UGarry Kasparov.

Kuthekani nalwa computer?

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, nkqu abadlali best chess embalini ngoku udlalwa nge computer. Umdlalo wokuqala oko kwenzeka ngo-1996 xa Garry Kasparov salahlekelwa supercomputer Deep Blue, nto leyo ukuvavanya nama-200 ezigidi kwindawo yesibini nganye. Noko ke, kulo mdlalo yesibini, Kasparov endlebeni computer. Ke ngoko, emva imidlalo ezimbini lirholelwe ezimbini ezilandelayo zaye iphumelele ngabo.