22 LR (chuck): iimpawu, ukujonga ngokubanzi

.22 LR (i-cartridge) - iindibano ezidume kakhulu phakathi kwabazingeli kunye nabalandeli bemidlalo yokudubula (kwi-Long Rifle yasekuqaleni, ngesiNgesi translation - "isibhamu eside"). Iinqwelo kuye zikhupha okufutshane, ezibangelwa ubuncinci obuncitshisiweyo: ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuzingela umdlalo omncinci.

Ukungafani

.22 LR - i-cartridge encaneber encaneber with ignition annular. Oku kuthetha ukuba ipini yokudubula ayifaki ukupaka indawo, kodwa kwi-flange yecala le-cartridge (inxalenye yecandelo lezantsi). Ngaloo ndlela, kwiimpawu, i-capsule ayikho njengeyunithi ehlukeneyo, ukucwangciswa kwempembelelo epheleleyo kugxininiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwizantsi lekhodi ye-cartridge. Njengomthetho, iibhola ezijikelezayo zogxininiso lwe-annular, nangona ngamanye amaxesha kukho abanye. Iimpahla ezincinci ezisetyenzisiweyo zisetyenziselwa ukukhupha isilwanyana esincinci: ama-squirrels, ama-marmots, kunye nokuma ukudubula. Ngokomzekelo, e-US kuthathwa njengetyeksi efanelekileyo kakhulu yokudubulisa i-squirrels.

Imbali

Ngowe-1887, ihlabathi lizwe kuqala .22 LR. I-cartridge yakhululwa yinkampani yaseMerika J. Stevens Arm & Tool Company. Ngethuba lethu, iikharriji zokutshabalalisa ezijikelezayo azange zisetyenziswe, kodwa i-Long Rifle isasetyenziswa kwaye iyathandwa. Ungumnini-rekhodi ngenani lemiba.

Isizathu sokuthandwa

Kungabonakala ngathi indoda yanamhlanje ayinakwenzeka ukutsala .22 LR - i-cartridge esebeneminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu ubudala, kwaye iya kusetyenziswa kuphela ngabathandi bexesha elidlulileyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akunjalo. Kukho izizathu ezintathu zokubaluleka kwayo: iindleko eziphantsi, ngokungekho nto ifunyenwe kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo zebhola xa kuqhutywe ulwaphulo.

Ukuqhubela phambili kule nto, iimpawu zibe zilungele ukuzingela okude kwezilwanyana ezinobunzima obunzima kunye nokuqeqesha, kuba xa kuthelekiswa ne-central battle boss, .22 LR ingasetyenziselwa ukuya kumyalelo wokukhulula ngexesha elifanayo. Ngokukodwa kubandakanyeka ukudubula ekubhunjweni, xa kufikeleleka ixesha elifutshane kakhulu loqeqesho kubalulekile ukwenza amanani amabinzana amathandathu, kwaye ubuyiselo obuphakathi buba buhlungu.

Ncinane malunga nezixhobo

Kubalulekile kukuba isixhobo salo .22 I-cartridges ye-LR, mhlawumbi, malunga nexabiso elisezantsi kwiimarike zomphakathi, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo isixhobo sisilula kwaye sinokwethenjelwa kunokwenzeka, ngenxa yamandla aphantsi. Ezi zixhobo ziza kufanana nabaninzi abanamava.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zizingcingo kunye nemidlalo, kodwa kukho iipisto, ininzi yazo iqeqesho kunye nemidlalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo izibhobho zokuzikhusela phantsi kweLR. Ukutshintshaniswa kweenguqu ezihlukeneyo ze .22 caliber ayincinci, umzekelo, .22 Mfutshane kunye nexesha elide lingasetyenziswa kwizixhobo ngaphantsi kwe .22 LR, kodwa ezinye, ezifana .22 WMR (Magnum), ayiyi kusebenza ngenxa yohlukwano ngobukhulu be-sleeve (6.1 mm Na 5.75 mm ngeMagnum kunye neLR ngokulandelanayo).

Iinqwelo kwi-cartridge

Iimodeli zezixhobo .22 LR impela kakhulu. Oku kubandakanya bobabini abavukeli kunye neengqwelo zokupakisha, njengombhoxo kaMargolin (ibhotile yaseSoviet yokudutshulwa kwezemidlalo, esetyenziselwa kwimincintiswano ukususela ngo-1954 ukuya ku-1979), kunye ne-IL-34 kunye ne-MC-3. Iimodeli ezinokuzingela ezifana ne-TOZ-11 (i-Soviet hunting carbine, eyenziwe ngumbutho wezandla zeTula), i-TOZ-17 kunye ne-18, kunye ne-TOZ-78 ifanelekile kule mfuyo yokuzingela nezibhamu.

Kwimibala yemidlalo yamaphephancwadi nezemfundo, uluhlu lwezixhobo zeLR lungabandakanya i-BI-7-2 kunye ne-TOZ-9. Ukongezelela, ukuba sithetha ngokuzikhwela izibhamu, i-Long Rifle iya kusondela kwisibhamu sase-US AR-7, esaphuma kwiminyaka emashumi amahlanu. E-States naseNtshona Yurophu, isasaziwa kakhulu. Kuthathwa njengendlela efanelekileyo yokuqeqeshwa ukudubula, kwaye kuthathwa nabo ukuhamba ngabakhenkethi. Uluhlu lunokuxhaswa nge-TSV-1, i-Training Sniper Rifle, eyenziwe ngokusekelwe kwi-SVD. Oku, akunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukubizwa ngenxa yebala elifutshane lomlilo: kuphela i-100 m, kodwa oku kulungelelwanga ngokupheleleyo igama layo.

Omnye umqhubi omncinci wecalber sniper phantsi kwe .22 LR ngu-SV-99, esetyenzisiweyo kwezinye iziqephu zaseRussia. Isantya somlilo si malunga ne-10 imijikelezo nganye ngomzuzu, kwaye isantya se-bullet singama-345 m / s. Gcina iinqanaba ezihlanu, kwaye ububanzi bomlilo buyi 150 mitha.

IiForam eziZodwa

Iimpi ezikhethekileyo nazo zinesixhobo sezixhobo .22 LR. Umgangatho wale "zibhamu" ngumtsalane osile. Ezi zibhamu ezingenanto, umzekelo waseBrithani Welrod, eyaphuhliswa ngo-1942 ngezidingo zeengcali kunye neeyunithi ezizodwa. Into ebangel 'umdla yukuthi kumandla okhetha umagazini wee-cartridges ezisibhozo kwacetyiswa ukuba zixhobise ezintlanu kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka kokutya. Oku kuquka oko kuthiwa ngu "De Lisle" - i-De Lisle carbine, nesixhobo seNgesi: i-carbine ene-muffler ehlanganisiweyo. "De Lizl" yayisetyenziswe kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, ngaphezu kwemikhosi yaseBrithani, yayinamacandelo athile eMelika naseFransi.

Kukho eminye imizekelo yokuzingela kunye nemidlalo yezixhobo ze-cartridge .22 LR.

Impawu

Ubungakanani bekholaji ye-25.4 mm. Ijubane lokuqala lebhola liphantsi, ukususela kuma-250 ukuya kuma-500 m / s, kuxhomekeke kwisixhobo, edibene nebala elifutshane leentambo. I-Bullet yamandla kwi-J: ukususela kuma-55 ukuya ku-90-ukuya kuma-pistol kunye nokusukela kuma-125 kuya ku-259-ngamabhobho. Ububanzi beflethi (inxalenye yomda wezantsi) ngu-7.1 mm, ububanzi bomda wengu-5.74 mm, ubude bayo buyi-15.57 mm. Ubunzima bebhola bubangama-1.9 ukuya kwi-2.6 g, kwaye ubuninzi bomrhumo wefowuni esetyenziswayo lunokuba ngowama-0.07 ukuya ku-0.11 g.

Kwimicimbi yempi

Ukuba sithetha malunga nokusetyenziswa kwekhadijidi ebantwini, apha akanayo iimpawu ezibalaseleyo. Ngenxa yamandla ayo aphantsi, ngokuqhelekileyo ayisetyenziswanga kwimicimbi yempi, kuba nje ukukhubaza umntu, kwakudingeka ukuba ube nenani elikhulu leentsimbi. Nangona kunjalo, izicelo ezininzi eziphumelelayo ziyaziwa, umzekelo, kwimeko ye-American-180 submachine gun. Umlinganiselo ophezulu womlilo, ukuya kwii-1,500 ngeenxa zonke ngomzuzu, kunye nesitoreji esinamandla (ukususela kuma-165 ukuya ku-275 i-cartridges) kwenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuhlawulela iimpazamo kwi-Arrows and Pilot Long Rifle.

Esinye isicelo esithakazelisayo seempawu zafunyanwa ngexesha lokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi be-Red Army ngexesha langaphambi kwemfazwe. Ngaphambi kokudubula emshinini u-Degtyarev noMaxim, amajoni aqeqeshelwa kumshishini omncinci wecomputer Blum-indawo yokuqeqesha umpu wemishini yokulwa. Oku akuvumelekanga kuphela ukunciphisa inani lezengozi, kodwa kwanciphisa kakhulu iindleko zabaqeshwa boqeqesho. Emva koko, ngezinye izibhamu izibhamu zaseBlum zisetyenziswa njengezixhobo zeengcuka.