Zokuphawula Ithumba SCC: uvavanyo oluthile. Yeyiphi ebonisa omaka ithumba?

Oncomarkers kukho izinto eziveliswe emzimbeni ngexesha kuphuhliso ithumba. ebizwa ngokuba "abamakishi ithumba" nazo kusetyenziswa. Uninzi zonke amakishayo ezaziwayo ithumba-ethe kakhulu. Ukuchonga izifo ezithile, ezifana carcinoma le indlebe, impumlo, umqala, kuvuleke iminxunya, kwemiphunga kunye nomhlaza wesibeleko amabhinqa enza iimvavanyo, apho ema iantigens carcinomas cell carcinoma - SCC. Kweli nqaku siza kujonga kuyo iinkcukacha ngakumbi.

Yintoni na?

SCC Ithumba abamakishi ezi glycoproteins. Bona kuhlelwe kwizisele lwemizimba epithelium carcinomas. SCC-oncomarker - into uhlobo protein leyo Kuchaza ubume iiseli eziqhelekileyo, okukhokelela kwii-kwiproteni ngenxa ndizayo zabo.

Carcinomas cell carcinoma iantigens bobabo usapho serine proteinase inhibitors. Isixa iantigens egazini kuyahlukana nedlela eqongeni isifo kunye nobukhulu nethumba. Ukuba xi phambi kokuba amagosa amakishayo igazi unyango phezulu, i-ALS ngaphantsi kwe kwimeko zokusebenza eziphantsi.

Inani yabamakishi ithumba egazini inxulumene ngqo iqondo uphuhliso izifo, kodwa ezi data umntu ukufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza isigaba ngqo. Uvavanyo igazi zabamakishi ithumba ayikwazi kwenziwa ngeenjongo iimvavanyo zokuhlola ukuba kuyokufunyaniswa isifo ephambili, nje ukuba ungagcina umkhondo inkqubo yophuhliso ngesifo ekhoyo.

Yiyiphi inkcazelo inikwa yi-SCC bamakishi ithumba?

Uvavanyo zabamakishi thumba yeyona sisebenzayo ekulweni nomhlaza. umxholo wayo kwaye umthamo wegazi zinika umfanekiso opheleleyo esi sifo, kuquka isigaba. Kulo mzekelo, amagosa amakishayo ithumba Ungakwazi ukucacisa inkqubo ngokutsha kweeseli esempilweni zibe ngumhlaza kwindawo kusekwangoko kakhulu kwesi sifo.

Kwezinye iimeko, uhlalutyo?

Kuba kwingxelo ye uxilongo "umhlaza" oogqirha ukumisela uhlalutyo SCC ithumba isiphawuli kubanjiswene kunye nezinye iindlela yokujonga izinto ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu emzimbeni. Njengoko umthetho, uphando kuthatha ixesha elide. iingcali Ithumba abamakishi SCC onokulisebenzisa ukuchonga esi sifo, ukuba esweni inkqubela yawo, kunye nokulawula uphuhliso yayo.

Uvavanyo usebenzisa isiphawuli Ithumba advantageously yenziwe ngokuphathelele abantu abasemngciphekweni uphuhliso yamathumba amabi. It ikuvumela ukuba basibone ngokuchanekileyo. Ngexesha unyango lo iantigens rhoqo kwenzeka ukwanda igazi okubangelwe ukuwa yobubi, ngenxa apho umzimba Nedlac igazi. re-analysis emva kweeveki ezi-4 nekucetyiswa ukuba ukuchana kwale data. Ngexesha izifo ezithile ukudumba kwaye kungandisa igazi lamanani i iantigens, ezifana nesifo sephepha, iphika, izifo ezihlasela zosulele ngokuphefumla, izifo ezithile zolusu.

Kutheni uvavanyo?

SCC-test zabamakishi ithumba lwenziwa yi:

• Ekupheliseni ukusasazeka kwe metastases kwamanye amalungu kunye ukuqhubela phambili kwesifo.
• Ukuhlola ukusebenza unyango.
• Ukulawulwa sifo emva konyango ukuze uphephe likakade.

Ukulungiselela nokuvavanywa kweelebhu

Kuba iziphumo ukuba inokuthenjwa, ingcali kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo yonke imibandela enxulumene nokuphelisa izifo kunokwenzeka arhabaxa.

iimeko ezizodwa sokuphuculwa kohanjiso yokuhlaziya ingafuneki. Igazi kwi SCC ithumba isiphawuli uzinikele kusasa, ungatyanga, ngosuku phambi kokuba Uhlalutyo Kucetyiswa isigulane ukuba phezulu ezinamanqatha, okroqiweyo, kunye nokutya zinongiwe. Ngosuku analysis kufuneka anditshayi kangangesiqingatha seyure phambi kokuba isampulu yegazi, ngokunjalo ukusebenzisa iti nekofu. Ukwenza umongikazi uphando elebhu ethatha igazi yomguli ukusuka apho iphuma khona xa kukho umthamo ml-5.

Kokuhlaziya iziphumo

Kaninzi sikwinqanaba lokuqala lophuhliso yamathumba amabi abazange bazenze aziwe. Ngoko ke, uhlalutyo igazi ixesha elichithwa ubukho ezisegazini egazini kunyusa amathuba yabaneziphumo ezihle.

Xa umntu okunempilo imali iantigens egazini ayidluli izinga 2.5 ng / ml. Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko nezifo ukudumba kutshanje kwiCEMIS, eli nani linokuba ngaphezulu. Emva koko ke kufuneka kwakhona aqhube isifundo igazi kwiiveki ezintathu.

Inani Ithumba abamakishi echazwe igazi inceda khetha izigulane ebekumele ukuba bangenele unyango radiation, okanye RAM, kwakunye ukunyenyisa unyango xa engekho iziphumo ezintle okanye kukwehla isigulane.

Ithumba marker SCC (okotshiweyo thaca kweli nqaku) ikuvumela ukuba ngoxilongo ngabantu umhlaza esophageal, ukuthetha kwam ngeempumlo, indlebe kunye nemiphunga. Xa nomhlaza wegazi isixa kuvuleke iminxunya miphungeni of iantigens eshiyekileyo ifunyanwa kummandla 1.5 ng / ml. Kwimeko isifundo yabafazi abaphethwe ngumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, kunye ubhaqo yamanqanaba eziphakamileyo le iantigens singatsho ngokuqinisekileyo malunga ukwenzeka sifo.

ithumba isiphawuli wesibeleko. SCC carcinomas cell carcinoma

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ichaphazela abesifazane kuphela aphakathi kweminyaka engama-40, esi sifo waqala kukukhulisa amantombazana aselula ukuya kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu. Umhlaza wesibeleko - isifo singanyangekiyo kakhulu, ngoko unyango kwangoko ivumela umfazi ukugcina amalungu esini.

Kuba ukuxilongwa oluchanekileyo sifo ukuya ugqirha kufuneka athathe ingqalelo zonke izinto ezinxulumene, kuquka ixesha isampuli yegazi kunye nokugcinwa echanekileyo. Uvavanyo zabamakishi ithumba na uvakalelo oluphezulu kakhulu kubaluleke kangaka nobunyulu yesixhobo otyiwa. A ubungakanani encinane namathe okanye ukubila kunokukhokelela ezinokosulela izinto eziphilayo, yaye oku kohlalutyo ukungathembeki.

Kuba ingxelo uxilongo lo mfazi "umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko" ukuqhuba uphando eziyimfuneko zabamakishi ithumba. Xa Uhlalutyo ingxenye igazi 2.5 ng / ml ukuba ithumba isiphawuli SCC - eqhelekileyo. Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kwi kusekwangoko kwimeko lokubhaqa uyondelelwano lwee- ngasentla 2.5 ng / ml. Ukuvavanya ukuchaneka kwedatha iphindiwe emva kweentsuku ezingama-20. excess kakhulu eziqhelekileyo avumelekile SCC ithumba isiphawuli egazini umguli ezinxulumene imbali abapasa sifo.

Ukubaluleka isigulo kwangethuba kwingxelo amabi wesibeleko

Uphando ubukho thumba abamakishi nendwe ibalulekile ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• Zomhlaza kwenkqubo okuzala yabafazi kunciphisa wenzala.
• Olu phando lunika ithuba ukuqaphela abafazi basengozini, nokujonga ukusebenza konyango.

Xa Isigaba sesithathu esi sifo isixa iantigens sidlula izinga izihlandlo ezithathu. Njengoko iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ugqirha ubeka CT scan, negazi kunye nocazululo nomchamo.

Xa zoxilongo somatic njengoko kusenokwenzeka ukuba amagosa amakishayo thumba ziyazibhaqekela SCC carcinomas cell carcinoma. Kwiimeko ezinjalo kuyimfuneko ukufunda zabafaki, yaye oku ukongeza uhlalutyo eqhelekileyo zabamakishi Ithumba lwenziwa zoviwo histological of kwinyama achaphazelekileyo emzimbeni wakhe.

Inani utshintsho yabamakishi ithumba kwimeko metastases. Njengoko inani labo kuchaphazela ubungakanani ithumba, indawo yayo kunye nobungakanani yethishyu iiseli zomhlaza umonakalo.

Uhlobo abamakishi ithumba

uhlobo ngalunye ithumba ukhupha abamakishi zayo ezikhethekileyo asetyenziswa ukubona ukuba ngaba udidi oluthile lomhlaza:

• Isilwa Carcinoembryonic (inqanaba kuvumelekile - 3 ng / ml) - lichazwa ukuxilonga colorectal carcinoma xa zidityaniswe ne-SCC e carcinoma wesibeleko.
• Alpha-fetoprotein (inqanaba kuvumelekile - ngezantsi 15 ng / ml) - a iantigens ethe kakhulu esetyenziswa ngenxa uxilongo yokuqala carcinoma hepatocellular.
• umhlaza Isilwa esiswini (inqanaba obuvumelekileyo -. Ngaphantsi kwe-4 U / ml) yasetyenziswa esweni ukusebenza konyango lwe carcinoma esiswini.
• glycoprotein Mucin-ezifana (inqanaba obuvumelekileyo -. iiyunithi ngaphantsi kwe-28 / ml) - ngokufuthi, le umaka enokusetyenziswa ukujonga iziphumo emva unyango yobubi webele.
• CA 19-9 (inqanaba kuvumelekile - iiyunithi ngaphantsi kwe-37 / ml.) - amakishe ukumiselwa carcinoma pancreatic.
• Ithumba marker SCC (norm ayidluli 2.5 ng / ml) sasetyenziswa esweni iziphumo carcinoma wesibeleko Rajka unyango, ukuthetha kwam ngeempumlo, iindlebe, umphunga.
• CA 125 (kwinqanaba avumelekile -. Ngaphantsi kwe 35 U / ml) yasetyenziswa esweni ikhosi lwesifo kunye unyango carcinoma-cofa amatyhalarha.
• NSE (inqanaba kuvumelekile - ngaphantsi kwe-12 ng / ml) isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa esweni impumelelo amakhambi ezincinane carcinoma cell semiphunga.
• HCG (inqanaba kuyavumeleka ukuba amadoda - 0-5 IU / ml) imiphumela ephakamileyo amadoda nabafazi non-abakhulelweyo ibonisa ubukho ithumba.
• A kweceba cytokeratin-19 (inqanaba kuvumelekile - ngaphantsi kwe 3.2 ng / ml) zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo carcinoma iseli encinane wemiphunga carcinoma carcinomas kwemiphunga.
• Prostate-specific iantigens (inqanaba kuvumelekile - ngaphantsi kwe 4.0 ng / ml) zisetyenziswa ngempumelelo ngenxa uxilongo wendlala carcinoma.

Ukubaluleka zokufumanis isifo kusekwangoko

Ukwenzela ukuphepha imiphumo ebuhlungu kunye nokukhusela kakuhle bona nxamnye umhlaza onobungozi, kubalulekile ixesha ukubona ugqirha xa kukho izifo, ingakumbi xa entsatsheni kwakukho amatyala lomhlaza.

Uxilongo esi sifo kusekwangoko kwaye lokwaluka kwangethuba unyango kuwugcina umgangatho wobomi, ukuthintela uphuhliso iingxaki kunye nokwanda Ukudlulela. Ngoko ke uhlalutyo kakhulu efundisayo igazi ithumba abamakishi SCC, ngempumelelo ichaza ukuguqulwa iseli kumanqanaba zokuqala zomhlaza.