Zokubasa - oku ... Production zeoli

Nokuba esikolweni, wonke umntu kufuneka bazazi ngexabiso "biomass" elide begazi. Le mbono inokuchazwa zizo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha biomass zandiswa, kunye ingqalelo eyodwa inikwe processing yayo. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba biomass - umthombo zeoli. Sele ingqalelo zonke iindlela processing. Emva kokufunda eli nqaku, uya kuba nako ukwandisa ulwazi olufunyenwe eklasini biology.

zokubasa

"Zokubasa" Masiqalise kunye isigama. Ngoko ke, njengoko kuchaziwe kwisikhokelo ezininzi, ubunzima kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Le biomass yenziwa ukubiza biota. Zombini iinketho zichanekile. Umzekelo, thatha biomass ngayo umhlaba wethu: kuba malunga 4.5 billion neetoni. Vuma, nani pretty umxhelo!

Ingqiqo ka "biota" yaye "ioli 'ukuba kuhlangene. Zokubasa ngumthombo exabisekileyo kunye unique amandla. Le resource amandla iqulethe anenani elifunekayo carbon, nto leyo endaweni namafutha enziwe ngeefosili anqongophele. Lo mthombo wamandla, nto leyo biomass - ewuhlaziyayo. Ngoku ngqo ngendlela processing kwenzeka biota.

zokubasa

Ngenxa yoko, i-biomass - ingqokelela yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ngoku khetha iindlela eziphambili processing. Kukho iinketho zilandelayo kwemveliso amandla biomass:

• uvutha;
• gasification;
• pyrolysis;
• ukubila;
• ukubila.

Le biomass inokujikwa ibe iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamafutha: ulwelo, okuqinileyo kunye negesi. Okwangoku indlela phambili ngakumbi ekufumaneni biofuels yi yokutsha ngqo.

elivuthayo

Zokubasa - wokuhlangana zonke izinto eziphilayo, leyo kuguqulwa amandla esiyifunayo. Kweli candelo, siza kuthetha inguqu le ndlela iqhelekileyo - ngokuyitshisa.

Kutheni olu khetho yeyona ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo? Yinto elula kakhulu, kuba kokutsha - yindlela elula imveliso yezamandla. Inkunkuma sitshiswe umphunga wambumba ziliqhubela plane generator efunekayo ukuze imveliso yezamandla.

Le ndlela ngawo awusebenzi zonke iindidi eziphathekayo ngenxa zokwanda koovimba ash kwi boilers, nto leyo eyandisa iindleko zabo ukugcinwa kunciphisa nemveliso. Ngaloo ndlela kusetyenzwa ngayo izinto ezithile.

gasification

Yintoni zokubasa? Le eziphilayo ubaphatha njenge ubunzima obuyi zonke izinto eziphilayo kwiplanethi yethu, uhlobo kuphela njengesibonelelo amandla ewuhlaziyayo. Ngoku ngokufutshane malunga nenkqubo yokurisayikilisha ebizwa "gasification".

Le ndlela isekelwe phezu imiphumo lobushushu eliphezulu kwi amafutha esiqinileyo. Luphawulwa omlilo ngqo kuloo ioksijini kuphela kumthombo. Ngoko sinako ukufumana irhasi kwamafutha eyahlukileyo ngenxa yerhasi. Umxube irhasi nala malungu alandelayo:

• carbon monoxide;
• carbon dioxide;
• nitrogen;
• hydrogen;
• methane.

Abaxhamla kule bugcisa ukuyilwa methane, enokusetyenziselwa ngenjongo efanayo naleyo yerhasi yendalo.

pyrolysis

Esithi ukuba le biomass, zifundo biology akukho kukhankanywa kwexesha pyrolysis - enye indlela processing, apho biomass (in umthi othile) phantsi amanyathelo lobushushu eliphezulu kunye nokungabikho mpilo ibolile zibe ziimveliso ulwelo kunye sukube. izinto engephi emva pyrolysis na namalahle. It kuqwalasele umlinganiselo ofanayo wamandla, kodwa ubunzima amafutha oluqinileyo umyalelo ubukhulu ezincinci, kananjalo kube lula kakhulu kwezothutho.

Ngoku kuphuhliswa ubuchwepheshe uguqula volatiles igesi amafutha. Iveliswe ngale ndlela irhasi ngumthombo esibalulekileyo hydrocarbon ezininzi.

ukubila

Le ndlela isekelwe processing ngolunya ngu iintsholongwane anaerobic, ezinako ukukulumkisela kudliwe izinto eziphilayo uyiguqula ibe yigesi. Ngoncedo ezi ntsholongwane ukuvelisa amandla umgquba, nkqu nezilwanyana. Apha indalo kunceda umntu. ZifunwaEzokugqibela kuphela kufuneka eyiyo ukusebenzisa ulwazi ekhoyo ukuze ufumane iigesi savela (kule methane mzekelo kunye hydrogen).

iintsholongwane anaerobic zikhona kwiindawo apho kungekho oksijini. Indawo iqhelekileyo nezimbuku. Kungenxa yoko le nto kufutshane kula maqumrhu amanzi ezinjalo ngxolisa.

ukubila

Xa abantu, abantu zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ethanol usebenzisa iswekile kunye nagwele. Ngoncedo zakutshanje kunokwenzeka inkqubo yokubola, kwaye ukubila kwayo isekelwe kule mgaqo. Kuphela imveliso yezamandla evela kwizinto sebenzisa uluhlu olubanzi izinto, de imveliso castings iinkuni.

Zokubasa kunye namafutha

Kwesi sifundo, siye sahlolisisa iindlela zokuvelisa amandla biomass, sadibana ingqiqo. Kodwa kufanele zongezwe ukuba ethanol ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo kakhulu. Lidla ngokusetyenziswa zibe kukudla zothutho, ngokuqinisekileyo hayi ngendlela esulungekileyo, kodwa xa ugalelwe ipetroli. Oku kubonakala kakuhle nje ukungcolisa ngaphantsi emoyeni, kodwa ukuthutha intsebenzo.