Zingaphi moya abathwali e-United States? Amagama kunye neentlobo US ifildi yodibaniso

Navy - kuba ngokuqinisekileyo ngumthombo sekratshi naliphi na igunya yomkhosi wamanzi mihla. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izithuthi lwehlabathi zinamandla ngaphandle kwemiqathango abe-United States of America. Eli lizwe ngenkuthalo isicelo ukubusa umhlaba, byi ingqalelo kuphuhliso lobugcisa ngeenqanawa zayo, ukwenza iindidi yokulwa lamaphulo kuzo zonke iindawo ehlabathini. Eli nqaku liza kuhlolisisa i US abathwali moya yabhalwa.

Ngendlela intshayelelo

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu mihla, kukho amazwe alishumi kuphela ehlabathini eziye njengenxenye abathwali zabo moya Navy. iinkokeli elililo rating enemiqathango ke baseMerika, abaye 11 abathwali moya. indawo yesibini wabiwe phakathi eItali ne Spain. La mazwe baye ezinjalo iinqanawa ezimbini. Oku kulandelwa China, Russia, France, Brazil, India, Thailand, United Kingdom. Kuzo zonke ezi amazwe kukho enye inkampani moya.

ukuqashwa

iziphathi Modern moya waseUnited States - enyanisweni, umqondiso ocacileyo amandla nokomelela. US wempi ebizwa ezi Unjengeenqanawa "ngumqolo" yonke nesinqanawa kwilizwe labo. Enyanisweni, akukho lula ukucacisa, kuba ezi mpahla ulwandle-okokoko bayakwazi iinyanga eziliqela ukuhlala off-line elwandle evulekileyo okanye ulwandle, kude neziseko zazo ilizwe, ngesantya esikhulu ukuya nayiphi na indawo emhlabeni, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi zomkhosi wokulwa ngenene naliphi na iqela kwaye ngaxeshanye ukuba kude kwi umgama omkhulu, ngaloo ndlela kwinqanaba eliphezulu ukhuseleko self.

iqela core

Nangona abathwali abaninzi eUnited States namhlanje nokuba bangaphi kubo iya kuba kwixesha elizayo, ezi iinqanawa ziye kwaye ziya kuba sisiseko yeqela carrier logwayimbo. Nangona kunjalo, naziphi na isikhephe esinjalo akanawo izixhobo zayo ezinamandla ukuzithethelela kwaye lulungiselelwe ukuba amanyathelo ezimeleyo. Aircraft carrier ehamba phezu kwamanzi phantsi ngesebe ezinye iinqanawa. A isici esasenza qela uqhankqalazo kukuba ukukwazi layo ukuba ngenye imini uye umgama omalunga 1,500 km kwaye nalo engaqatshelwayo ukuba ingozi utshaba.

imisebenzi sempi

Xa kuqwalaselwa alwayo lamaphulo abathwali moya, uyacebiswa ukuba aqhelane uthumo lonke iqela carrier kugwayimbo, leyo wadalwa ku:

• Ubetha ngezinto ekujoliswe ezahlukeneyo, usebenziso, okanye zombini phezu konxweme phezu komhlaba.
• cover Air nokuxhasa iiyunithi indiza emhlabeni, eziqulathe imisebenzi yabo wonxweme.
• Ukuphumelela nokugcina noludumileyo epheleleyo isithuba lokubanda kwindawo yokusebenza ezicwangcisiweyo emkhosini.
• Ukuqinisekisa ukukhusela ezinye iinqanawa, bafikela, convoys ngexesha intshukumo yolwandle.
• Kuvalwe iindlela komgca unxweme yotshaba.
• Ukuqhuba umoya okulwa sokuhlola.

Enyanisweni, xa kukho uxolo eUnited States ngokusebenzisa amaqela air umculo kulo lonke ihlabathi zibonisa amandla negunya labo kulo kwingongoma kwezopolitiko ezingundoqo ekubukeni imimandla yelizwe planethi.

Titans american

Ngoko ke, makhe sihlolisise, abathwali abaninzi eUnited States. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, apho kukho ngamaceba elinanye. Uluhlu abathwali US imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• "Nimitz".
• "Duayt Eyzenhauer".
• "Teodor Ruzvelt".
• "Carl Vinson".
• "Abraham Lincoln."
• "Dzhordzh Vashington."
• "John C. Stennis."
• "UHarry Truman".
• "Dzhordzh Bush."
• "Ronald Reagan."
• "Gerald R. Ford."

Ngoku makhe simazi ngakumbi.

Inqanawa wesithandathu "Nimitz"

Kunjalo ngenxa ophethe moya "Dzhordzh Vashington". Inqanawa yaphehlelelwa ngoJulayi 1990. izakhono zobugcisa inqanawa ukuvumela ukuba asithwale moya nama-90 kunye ntaka, ezo ngqo ukuze kushenxiswe kumgangatho, bekwilift ezine kwempahla. Ummandla sinendawo lilonke 18 000 square metres. Le yenethiwekhi moya uyakwazi ukubeka ebhodini ngabantu 6250. Ukumisa inqanawa usebenzisa izikhonkwane ezimbini, ubunzima nganye neetoni ezingama-30.

Le nqanawa yaba US inqanawa isityalo amandla enyukliya, nto leyo ethe yabekwa ngokusisigxina kwisiseko zomkhosi kwilizwe langaphandle kuqala. Ke kaloku kwathi ngo-2008, xa umdlali ophethe wathunyelwa eJapan. Kulo nyaka kukho imeko kaxakeka emkhombeni - umlilo omkhulu. Eli qela lakwazi ukucima ngokupheleleyo umlilo kuphela emva kweeyure ezili-12, yaye umonakalo yaba malunga $ 70 ezigidi. Kakhulu kanti abantu 37.

abongameli lomkhumbi

"Carl Vinson" - an carrier moya, wangena inkonzo ngoMeyi 1982. Inqanawa ibizwa wokuwonga elaa States, eminyaka 29 wayeyintloko Committee on Services Armed. Indawo ephambili yenkonzo umkhumbi lowo Indian kunye Pacific Ocean, kwaye i-Arabhu Gulf. Inqanawa uye wabandakanyeka ukudutyulwa ifilimu "Top Gun."

Emva kokutshatyalaliswa Busted bin Laden entwasahlobo ka-2011, umzimba wakhe wahlangulwa kanye phezu carrier, ize emva koko ithunyelwe kwi amanzi oLwandle Inkolo. Neenyanga ezintandathu kamva, Barack Obama kunye nomfazi wakhe wabukela umdlalo yomnyazi phakathi amaqela umfundi, eyayibanjelwe kwi kumgangatho nelamaRafa yolwandle.

Thumela kwabesifazane

Nto Enyanisweni ezikhubekisayo kweli binzana ngenxa babengoomatiloshe no-abantu. Nje yenethiwekhi moya "Abraham Lincoln" yaba yeyokuqala hlobo yayo yi isitya apho wafumana imvume ukukhonza namabhinqa. Ngelishwa, oko akuzange ngaphandle yintlekele. Ngo-Oktobha 1994, ngexesha le ndlela ukuya ukufika emva kokuba igosa flight yoqeqesho wambulala Kara Haltring.

Ngexesha lomsebenzi ibambene Iraq ngo-2003 inqanawa ebibekiwe ngaphezulu kwe 16,500 nokuhlasela.

Aircraft yenethiwekhi - indawo apho yonke into ixhomekeke kuququzelelo ngqo kakhulu nocwangco. Ukususela Ubude moya - leemitha 150 kuphela, lo mbono ukusetyenziswa isuka-ebizwa ngokuba isilinge, leyo kuthiwa ngokoqobo kuphosa moya emoyeni.

Kodwa nxalenye ibalulekileyo moya yi intambo wayaphula. Ngexesha ukugaleleka umqhubi-moya kufuneka akwazi ukubamba kwi hook ngenxa enye ezine elements locking ezinjalo. Ngelo xesha linye i-moya ochukumisa phantsi ngesantya ngokupheleleyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba xa ukungaphumeleli, uya kunyanzeleka ukuba babuyele kuba andize likaxakeka. Hi ndlela leyi, umkhombe na igumbi ebomvu ekuthiwa-, apho abaqhubi besemsebenzini ngeenxa ngaashi kwi qwa ngokupheleleyo, nalungela na umzuzwana undize ukuya kulo msebenzi.

Interesting Eneneni: kabini ngemini, zonke ilungu elinye ilungu ali- kumgangatho iya kwi hambo. Zonke ezi zomkhosi kufutshane omnye komnye nize ningaphindi nithethe ngokweenkcukacha kumgangatho ukuze ufumane iintlobo zezinto zasemzini ezinokubangela ayinqweneleki kakhulu umonakalo turbine eninzi.

Le wrestling ne LIH

yenethiwekhi Aircraft "uHarry Truman" laqaliswa nge-25 Julayi 1998 kunye inxaxheba koko US Mongameli Bill Clinton. Ukwakhiwa inqanawa ixabise mali yelizwe ibe $ 4.5 yezigidi zezigidi. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba i-US ikharakhtha a okuyimfihlo incwadi koovimba; eyenzelwe iminyaka 20-25.

Inqanawa imfazwe onogada yokuqala ukuvela ezidada nePersian Gulf ngoNovemba 2000. Ekupheleni kukaDisemba 2015 ophethe moya wathabatha inxaxheba ekusebenzeni nxamnye umbutho abanqolobi "Islamic State." Ukususela sinendawo of-moya enqanaweni nokuhlasela enzeka ukuphumeza uqhankqalazo kwi izikhundla silwe. Inqanawa kunye iphiko umoya basebenzisana kunye French Navy, ngubani nayo yathatha inxaxheba ukusebenza ngo-Aram.

umkhumbi elizayo

uhlobo Aircraft yenethiwekhi "Ford" - nqanawa yomkhosi American, owathatha iinqanawa sele lixesha "Nimitz". Ukuqaliswa komdlali ophethe inqwelo-moya entsha icetyelwe ukuba 2017.

Olona phawu lokwahlula ke kukho isitya esitsha kwaso umqhubi mass ukuba usebenza nge yinjini yomgama zombane. Isilinge yenza ukwenza abalwi lunikezelo kakuhle ngakumbi ngokuchanileyo, nto leyo eye yanciphisa sindisa sokubambela kulwakhiwo intsimbi i eninzi umoya loo ababetheki nganye.

Ukongeza, iperi kubenzi ezintsha eyenzelwe ngokukodwa le carrier, ziyakwazi ukuvelisa amandla-25% ngaphezulu zombane ngaphezu ufakelo amandla efanayo wangaphambili. Kuvele amandla reserve ivumela isitya ukwenza kakhulu recharge ngokukhawuleza isilinge. Oku kwanciphisa inani labasebenzi, leyo ngoku simi abantu 4660. Oku kunciphisa umthwalo lwabiwo-mali, ukususela kwi US moya carrier indleko ukusebenza eli lizwe ngaphantsi kwi billion 4, kuneyokuqala.

Wamashumi US uMongameli

yenethiwekhi Aircraft "Ronald Reagan" uye waba lilungu epheleleyo zithuthi ngoJulayi 2003. Umkhumbi isibini yomahluko ebalulekileyo ukusuka 'abazalwana' babo. Eyokuqala phambi kweentambo ezintathu (kunokuba ezine) wayaphula eliphezulu. Okwesibini - impumlo ze umkhumbi ibhalbhu-imilo eyenziwe ukwandisa uzinzo yonke yenethiwekhi.

"Ronald Reagan" ikwazi ukuthwala kwibhodi malunga ntaka asithoba kunye iinqwelo-moya. Ecwebezelayo amandla ephambili yokulwa moya wenqanawa bukaThixo multi-injongo F / A-18 imvakalelo yokudakumba, ethe ngokuphindaphindiweyo avavanywa practice kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo US imisebenzi zomkhosi.

"Ezimdaka 'carrier inqwelomoya

Zamob "Dzhordzh Bush" lo lesiqhulo banikwa ithuba, nangenxa zonke inqanawa rhoqo lutshitshe inkqubo ezincamathelayo ekufunxeni zangasese. Oko kukuthi, ngamanye amazwi, onke 423 kucocwe nqanawa yangasese. Iingxaki yokuqala kwavela nabo emva ngo-2011, xa umdlali ophethe yayisenza uhambo lwakhe ukusa kwiPersian Gulf ukuba zilwe ebufundisini.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu ezintle kule nqanawa. Ngokukodwa, zaphuculwa elektroniki kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano. Kwakhona, inkqubo ukwenza yokugalela amafutha ezithuthi waqalisa semi-level. Emgangathweni, eziphuculiweyo jet okukhuphela deflector.

Ithatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ezizodwa

Ukufunda abathwali US ekhoyo, asinako ngoyaba ingqalelo "Teodora Ruzvelta". Le nqanawa yaba yokuqala abathwali ekhoyo, apho badibana ukusetyenziswa loyilo yemodyuli. kwimodyuli nganye yakhiwe ngokwahlukileyo enye kwenye, yaye ukuhlanganisana la malungu eziveliswe sele kwindawo enye ngokuthi ukuwelda. Lo mgaqo yokwakha inqanawa iza kunciphisa kakhulu imiqathango echazwe ekuqaleni imisebenzi yokwakha. Ngenxa yoko, ngo-Oktobha 25, 1986 inqanawa wamkelwa ngenxa emkhosini waza waba lilungu ezele imikhosi yomkhosi wamanzi we-USA. Ukususela ngoJanuwari 16, 1991 ophethe moya zathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi ukulwa nePersian Gulf. Ekubeni sinendawo yaso 4.200 nokuhlasela zenziwa ukuba bavunyelwe ukuba ukuphulukana phantse zizigidi ezi-5 buziikhilogram ordnance kwi kummandla yotshaba.

Emva ukuhlasela ka-11 Septemba 2001, inqanawa yaya ekulweni iphulo nxamnye Al-Qaeda, esekelwe ngelo xesha e Afghanistan. Oktobha 4, 2001 kunye nenkampani moya uphathwe ukuhlaselwa enomjukujelwa buhlungu amanzi Arabia kwi izikhundla silwe. Ngenxa yokusebenza olwenziwa iintsuku inqanawa 159 elwandle, kunokuba wamisela ukuhlala irekhodi baneenqanawa elwandle ivulekile emva kokuba Second World War.

Kungakhathaliseki nokuba bangaphi na abathwali moya kwi US besemsebenzini, ngamnye kubo nakanjani rhoqo baye ukulungisa epheleleyo. Kwakukho ngaphandle kule nkalo "Teodor Ruzvelt". Ekubeni ngehlobo lika-2009 ukuya lasehlotyeni lika-2013 wahlala kuloo ndawo yokwakhela Iindaba imikhumbi Newport (Virginia). Ngesi ngokutsha inqanawa iya kuba nako ukuhlala kwi Navy US ubekwa kwindawo enye kwiminyaka engama-23. Iindleko zizonke umsebenzi yaba $ 2.6 yezigidi zezigidi.

umkhumbi umhlaba

Xa ndiqukumbela, ophela cinga zingaphi abathwali moya eUnited States, ziwuthathele ingqalelo lo hlobo nqanawa ebizwa ngokuba "Duayt Eyzenhauer".

Le nqanawa emkhosini athunywa ngo-1977. Kweli xesha ka 1985-1987 inqanawa wahlala yokuqala yokwakha ebelizicwangcisile, kwaye Weza nowesibini ngo-2001-2005. Phantse amabini iminyaka yenethiwekhi ndiza 'zoxolo "yaye abazange bathathe inxaxheba nayiphi na imisebenzi zomkhosi. Noko ke, ngo-1991, ukuba uthanda imfazwe - kwiPersian Gulf. Ngo-2000, inqanawa ngaphandle ummandla no-ngempukane Iran ngexesha lokusebenza "Southern Watch".