Zhan Bodriyyar: engobomi, kuchaphulo olu. Baudrillard njengoba photographer

Masiqalise ngala mazwi abalulekileyo: "Xa abantu besithi - Kuthatha ixesha. Xa ixesha uthi - abantu ashiye ". Xa malunga nombhali wolu quote intsingiselo walo ahlanganiswe amaxabiso amatsha. Xa kwakhe Zhan Bodriyyar, kwafumaniseka ukuba ininzi kangaka kuthi malunga nexesha kunye noluntu apho ahlala, ubuntu bakhe nobuchule Ndizuze ixabiso lixesha.

Wayeyindoda ukuba afune iindlela ezintsha kuyo yonke into esiyenzayo - yolwimi, kwabantu, intanda, uncwadi, nkqu ubugcisa kufota.

umzukulu a umlimi

Wazalwa kumantla eFransi, kwisixeko saseReims, Julayi 27, 1929. Iminyanya intsapho yakhe ebesoloko basebenza kulo ilizwe, kodwa abazali abasebenzi. Ukuze zenze isikolo eyaneleyo eziziiprayimari okanye zamabanga - njengokuba Baudrillard wayekholelwa entsatsheni. UJean akwazi ukubhalisa kwi-Sorbonne, apho wayefunda zaseJamani. Wathi emva koko yaba yeyokuqala kule ntsapho bafumana imfundo yaseyunivesithi, yaye oku sisizathu sokuba ikhefu kunye nabazali kunye nokusingqongileyo, apho wachitha ebuntwaneni bakhe. Okuqinileyo, indoda onesiqu ngeenxa ubuso ngumlimi owayethanda ukutshaya ngesandla-ezityikitywe, waya ngokuphathelele encinane French zizifundiswa eziphezulu.

Zhan Bodriyyar, ogama womfundisi enxulumene elide kunye ukufundiswa ngolwimi German kunye noncwadi, ukususela 1956 abasebenza kwizikolo eziphakamileyo. Ngelo xesha ancedisane kwiintlelo ezininzi iphiko "ekhohlo", ndivakalisa ukuba izincoko boncwadi nezibalulekileyo. Kula manqaku, kwakunye iinguqulelo uPetros Weiss kunye Bertolda Brehta, ezimilise ibengezela, isigqebelo, isimbo ngamazwi ka-ntetho esasibahlula nkqu izicatshulwa ezininzi entsonkothileyo yenzululwazi Baudrillard.

womfundisi yokuhlalisana

Ngowe-1966 wamela ithisisi yakhe yokuhlalisana kwiYunivesithi Nanterre-La Defense. Iikhampasi kwi ngaphandle Paris kwi 60s kade - yayiliziko iingcamango "leftist", iphalale abilayo kukungxawu kuyo iziphithiphithi umfundi ngo-1968. Radical iingcamango "leftist" itsale uhlobo encinane ezimeleyo Baudrillard, nangona ke wakhumbula ukuba inxaxheba kuqhankqalazo anti-imfazwe, nto leyo kwakhula logwayimbo - kwiziganeko ukuba phantse ekubhukuqweni urhulumente de Gaulle. Mhlawumbi ke wazalwa omnye amazwi abadumileyo Baudrillard: "zingxola ifuna cwaka ..."

In Paris X-Nanterre University, kwaye ukusukela 1986, Paris-eDauphiné IX - ezimbini nantathu ngoobani Sorbonne, uJean Baudrillard usesikhundleni umhlohli ophezulu (umncedisi unjingalwazi), yaye emva koko unjingalwazi wenzululwazi ngabantu. Ngoxa esebenza apho, ezininzi izazinzulu abadumileyo: Anri Lefevr, Rolan Pati, Per Burde. Emva kokupapashwa imisebenzi yokuqala enkulu Baudrillard waqalisa udumo olukhulu phakathi wabaseki bulumko mihla.

Marxists

Zhan Bodriyyar gqitha Marxism, nkqu iguqulelwe eminye yemisebenzi wabaseki Communism zenzululwazi - Marx kunye Engels. Kodwa lo impembelelo waye umlinganiswa ngamazwi, abonisa ngokwayo kwisifundo kwabo, kunye nezinye bulumko. Ukuze siqonde iingcamango kufuneka izicelo zabo ukuba uhlalutyo langoku, yaye yaphela zonke iinzame baguqule ukugxeka epheleleyo okanye elibukhali. Njengoko kucacisiwe omnye aphorisms zakhe - "iingcinga New zifana uthando: baya kuguga."

"System of izinto" (1968) kunye "Consumer Society" (1970) - imisebenzi apho Zhan Bodriyyar esetyenziselwa ingqalelo iingxaki zale mihla isosioloji ezinye izibonelelo theory lwamaKomanisi.

Wasentsomini "abantu abazizityebi", oko kukuthi ingqalelo injongo romance ye revolution mveliso, uye abe yimpucuko, apho injongo ephambili - ukuphila ngemilinganiselo yavuma, owenza intengiso yempahla kunye neenkonzo. Umthetho-siseko umisele ngawo - ukusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo. umbono ngokweMarxist ubudlelwane lwemveliso, njengoko isibaluli zokuhlola uluntu kwihlabathi yanamhlanje iimpawu kunye nemiqondiso, kombiseke lixesha.

Neonigilist

ukugxeka zemeko yangoku yoluntu kuxhaphaka ngoku lubalaseleyo Baudrillard iincwadi zayo. Umsebenzi "Phantsi komthunzi uninzi cwaka, okanye isiphelo kwezentlalo '(1983) uqulathe ingxelo ukuba ilixa mihla umgca ngaphaya apho ukubola yokutshabalala. Ubume yeklasi endala yoluntu unyamalele, ngokudala void phakathi kwinginginya ngamnye yabantu, nabo ukulahlekelwa imilo.

emphakathini wabantu uba fiction. Zhan Bodriyyar, ogama kuchaphulo olu bahlukile nocoselelo imizwa, ubhala athi: "Abemi udliwano awayesoloko ukuba ulahlekelwe naluphi na uluvo." Uyaphika inyambalala ukukwazi ukwenzela umelo eyakhayo yezopolitiko. Zonke iingcamango - yonqulo, ezopolitiko okanye bulumko - i-non-ebomini, ngenxa yokuba anqunyulwe Okukodwa ngokuthi generalizing ukusuka Umthetho ukwahlula phakathi kwabo kunye nokufumaneka yokuqokelela esele zenziwe iilebhile ngazo sanikwa.

postmodernist

Iipropati Polemic izicatshulwa sigxeke Baudrillard yavusa yokusabela ngumsindo yoqhankqalazo esithile, ngoxa abanye banikwa isizathu ukubhengeza ngumbingeleli wayo eliphezulu postmodernism, awathi kananjalo uphikisa. Nangona xi aphezulu ukwaliwa iinkqubo zentlalo eqhubekayo, leyo imbues umsebenzi wakhe Baudrillard, intanda postmodern kubonakala ukuba amnike buhlungu, nkqu ukuqhubeka kwaba bafundi.

Kakuhle eli postmodern, nezibabandakanya ngokudlala olungenasiphelo kunye nemifanekiso ngesigama ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwi isizukulwana lwezi zixokelelwano zitsha ngumntu, kubonakala kungekho phambili neyobuchule. Kodwa ukuzincama ngokuthi "senyathi of postmodernism" zeeteksi yaba nzima kakhulu. ezicacileyo kakhulu waye virtuosity ngayo waveza amazwi izimvo, kwakukho umdlalo lwemifanekiso kunye neentsingiselo mesmerizing kakhulu kwiitekisi bakhe, njengoko isigqebelo kunye abamnyama uburharha of Baudrillard waba phantse meme ethile.

Ideologist of the "matrix"

Enye iingcamango ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze Baudrillard buzinze ethi "Simulacra kunye Ukulinganisa" (1981). Ihlala ingcamango "hyperreality," kukuba siphila kwihlabathi apho iimvakalelo eyenziwe namava ziye indawo into yokwenene. Ngabathwali le hyperreality, "izitena", apho ke iqulathe ezi simulacra. intsingiselo yazo Ngokubhekiselele kwinto okanye ingqiqo, nto leyo ethetha ukuba - a Ukulinganisa. Lubuye yonke: ihlabathi eziphathekayo kunye neemvakalelo. Asazi nto malunga ndikhulile, yonke into icikidwa ngengcamango omnye umntu, Inyondla ngemehlo yomnye umntu.

Ukufaneleka yalo mbono kuba umfundi Russian busisigxina kwi Pelevin «Generation P", kodwa ukuze ihlabathi liphela - kwi "matrix" trilogy ihlelo abazalwana Wachowski (1999). Link to Baudrillard kwi filimu ibonisa ngqo - ekwimo ethi "Simulacra kunye Ukulinganisa", apho umlinganiswa ophambili - hacker Neo - yindawo yokuzimela izinto ezingekho mthethweni, oko kukuthi le ncwadi iye yaba yokulinganisa le ncwadi ...

Zhan Bodriyyar kabuhlungu sithetha ngayo ukubandakanyeka kwakhe kule trilogy, besithi izimvo zakhe kulo akucaci nokuba ukuphazamiseka.

umhambi

Ngo-1970, izazinzulu ukusuka abaninzi uhamba ehlabathini jikelele. Ukongezelela Western Yurophu, waya Japan kunye Latin America. Isiphumo ngotyelelo lwakhe eUnited States ethi "America" (1986). Oku zefilosofi kunye nezobugcisa izincoko - hayi njengomkhokeli wabatyeleli, kungekhona isivakashi irekhodi. Le ncwadi inika ucazululo imilo ngokucacileyo "inguqulelo yokuqala modernity", xa kuthelekiswa ne eYurophu kombiseke emva bayakwazi ukutshintsha, ukudala hyperreality nephupha kunye ome.

Wabona iliso lam ebangela le hyperreality - superficiality of yinkcubeko yaseMelika, yena, ke, ayisigwebi, kodwa nje ithi. Baudrillard iingxoxo ezinomdla malunga neziphumo Cold War. Xa United States aphumelele ubunyani beli hlabathi nokuba nolulahlekisayo ngakumbi.

Uhambo eJapan yayikukuba Baudrillard into ephawulekayo ukuba waba umnini iyunithi mihla, ngoko ukuthatheka photo art bafikelela kwizinga elitsha.

photographer

Njengoko akazange acinge ngokwakhe-sobulumko kunye nam Andikubizanga umfoti, yaye ukuthandwa abeyiqwebile ngolo hlobo, kwakungekho umnqweno wakhe. Kucacile ukuba Baudrillard njengoko umfoti wahlala njenge njengomntwana onengqondo elizimeleyo original,-sobulumko okanye umbhali. Indlela yakhe ngokujonga izinto yahlukile. Wathi ukuba injongo yakhe - ukuphumeza cala vangama yento kwaye imeko yaso, apho indalo ngokwayo iya kubonisa ukuba yintoni na afuna ukuyenza ibonakale.

iifoto zakhe eyapapashwa albhamu eziliqela, indlela Baudrillard ngayo ngokudubula ziye sasingumba ingxoxo kakhulu phakathi iingcali. yomboniso wakhe Kubala of "ubuchule Banyamalale" kwimifanekiso 50 baba nomdla kakhulu kumazwe amaninzi.

Ubungqondi aphorism

Bambalwa abantu wayekwazi ukuvakalisa indlela ingcamango ngendlela yokuba ubunzulu bayo kunye nobukhulu rhoqo emva transfer. Ezinye aphorisms - ukuqhubeka iingxoxo imixholo zenzululwazi nentanda-bulumko, ngoxa abanye - kuba nempikiswano kuphela, esifanayo ayenechaphothi of an sesikwenzile zentengiso:

• "Amanzi Dry - yongeza amanzi nje."
• "Inkoliseko amanzi imvakalelo emilebeni yakhe ngakumbi ukusuka yokuginya kuyo."
• "Amanani - ngendlela efanayo umnqweno-kuzaliseka, kwakunye amaphupha."
• "Mna kuneengxaki kuphela ezimbini: inkumbulo kakuhle ... kwaye enye into ..."
• "Ukukhanya sinike indlela asiyeyamagorha; kwaye kuphela kakhulu sinika indlela kubo bonke."
• "Eyona nto ibuhlungu kakhulu basemoyeni, awunazo amaqhinga kunye ngoko ubukrelekrele."
• "UThixo ukho, kodwa andiyi kukholwa kuye."
• "Ndivakalelwa ngathi kukho ubungqina ukungabikho kwakhe."

"Ukufa ngamampunge" - la magama ekwasetyenziselwa bathi Zhan Bodriyyar. Biography ngokufutshane ibonakala imihla emibini (07/27/1929 - 06/03/2007), kunye, phakathi kwezinye izinto, umthamo isithuba umsebenzi yengqondo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukukholelwa inyaniso kwale ngxelo.