Yintoni na le radiation yangasemva microwave cosmic

Nangona nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo mihla kunye neendlela ezintsha ukufunda iphela, umbuzo ingenzeka yalo zisavuliwe. Oku akumangalisi, ngokuqwalasela yeminyaka yakhe: elowo data yakutshanje, oko isusela ukusuka kwiminyaka eli-14 ukuya kweli-15 billion .. Kucacile ukuba ekubeni kukho ubungqina encinci kakhulu bezifo inkqubo kanye wamazwi of endaweni yonke. Ngako oko yithi nantoni akukho mntu isonjululwe, yeengcinga limited. Noko ke, omnye wabo kutsha nje ifumene ingxoxo kakhulu - CMB.

Ngowe-1964, amalungu amabini kwilebhu ezaziwayo-kakuhle, wenza satellite iwotshi kanomathotholo "Echo", ukuba ufikelelo ahambelanayo izixhobo ultra-sensitive, wagqiba ukujonga ezinye imibono yazo malunga amadlozi lwerediyo izinto ezithile isithuba.

Ukuze ukususa kuphazamiseko kunokwenzeka evela kwimithombo ezisentlabathini, kwagqitywa ekubeni kusetyenziswe kwamaza ngo-7.35 cm, ke, into eyinqaba yabhaliswa emva kokuqinisekiswa kunye wasele kwe-eriyali :. In indalo yonke ndakutywina isandi, icandelo njalo imvelaphi. Ukunyulwa komntu akuxhomekekanga ekuzithandeleni nokuba nendawo koMhlaba nezinye iiplanethi, leyo nangoko ukususa Kwingcingane erediyo of zezinto yesiqalo, okanye ixesha losuku. Kanjalo R. Wilson, A. Penzias okanye ungazi nokuba ukuba imitha oyidingayo wendalo iphela wavula.

Ekubeni namnye kubo babengenalo nofifi oku, ukubhala off "ngasemva" ukuze izixhobo ethile (ngokwaneleyo ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba usebenzisa i-eriyali microwave ngoyena ethe ngelo xesha), wegqitha phantse ngonyaka, de kuye kwacaca mhlophe - ingxolo ibhalwe kuyinxalenye indalo ngokwayo. Ubunzulu umqondiso radio uthathwe ngogxininiso radiation kakhulu ncam blackbody lobushushu e Kelvin 3 (1 Kelvin ulingana ukuya -273 degrees Celsius). Thelekisa zero Kelvin lihambisana lobushushu yenjongosenzi atom zokubhala. Amaza radiation kukuba kuluhlu 500 MHz ukuya GHz 500.

Ngeli xesha, nkolelo amabini yasePrinceton University - Dicke and E. Pibbls ezisekelwe imifuziselo ezintsha iphela, ngokwezibalo kubalwa ukuba zikhona imitha kwaye kuqatshelwa yonke indawo. Akubuzwa ukuba Penzias, ngempazamo wafumanisa ngale sihloko lectures, ndaqhagamshelana eyunivesithi wathi ukuba le radiation oyidingayo, kubonakele.

Ngokusekelwe imfundiso the Big Bang, yonke into namandla wendalo iphela kwesiphumo dubulo eyenziwe ngabantu. Amawaka 300. Iminyaka yokuqala emva kokuba isithuba ludibaniso amasuntswana cebetshu radiations. Kamva, ngenxa lobushushu ukwanda i yaqala ukuna, eyenza kube lula ukufumana atom. Le oyidingayo radiation ebhalisiweyo - an echo baloo maxesha akude. Logama nje indalo imida, loxinano yamasuntswana iphezulu kangangokuba kwimitha "uhlobene" njengoko ubunzima amasuntswana ibonisa naluphi na uhlobo kwamaza, angavumeli ukuba ukusasaza. Ku kuphela emva ekuqaleni ukuyilwa athom, isithuba kuye "transparent" kwi ngamaza. Ekukholelwa ukuba CMB wabonakala ngaloo ndlela. Okwangoku, kuzo zonke sentimitha cc va iqulethe malunga 500 ziluhlaza yokuqala, Noko ke, amandla abo Sehle amaxesha phantse 100.

I-radiation ngemvelaphi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo wendawo yonke lobushushu eyahlukileyo. Oku kungenxa kwindawo le nto iphambili an yonke landayo. Apho lexinene le amasuntswana elizayo yaba abaninzi imitha, yaye ngenxa yoko iqondo layo lifinyele. Kuyinto kwezi nkalo kamva kwasekwa izinto ezinkulu (iminyele kunye Izihloko zazo).

Ukufundisisa CMB Uphakamisa umkhusane ukungaqiniseki phezu ezininzi iinkqubo ezikhoyo ekuqaleni kwexesha.