Ungcoliseko lithosfere

Umhlaba - indlu yethu enkulu, njalo ufuna ukubona uzithobe, kodwa namhlanje usengozini enkulu, yaye simele ukuba ityala, abantu iimbandezelo zakhe. Umntu usoloko babekholelwa ukuba umhlaba apho ahlala, - zithembekile, engenasiphelo kwaye ngamabona nesisa, kodwa ukuba imisebenzi yabo kunokubangela ungcoliseko lithosfere akwazi ukucinga.

Namhlanje, sisoloko sizibuze umbuzo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko Umhlaba kunye nathi. Oku ngakumbi waphawula minyaka ilishumi yokugqibela, xa umonakalo kanye yabangela buya kubonakala.

Kuqala wacinga ukuba Umhlaba uza kuba ingatshintshwanga elinye iwaka leminyaka, kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje uluntu bajongene neengxaki ezinkulu ezifana ungcoliseko lithosfere. umbono Ebuhlungu eziveliswa baba ilizwe elichumileyo namhlanje ngamandla kwaye akafanelekanga ezolimo.

lithosfere ukungcoliswa kukhokelele kwinto yokuba inxalenye yentsimi awusokuze sele ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo, njengoko walahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo imveliso. Namhlanje, la mazwe abahlala phantse-1% yomhlaba komhlaba.

ixesha yethu kufanele ngokuba "Impucuko eyinkunkuma." Ngaphambili inzala ilifa kangangeenkulungwane ngasekhohlo iinqaba okanye ecaleni okubi neyentshabalalo inqaba, iindlalifa uya kwamkela kuthi entabeni inkunkuma yasekhaya, ezo efunde ngalo amadlelo. Oku kubangelwa nemisebenzi yabantu ungacinganga, umnqweno wakhe ukuba enze inzuzo ngalo naliphi na iindleko.

Izinto ezibangela ungcoliseko lithosfere - kukuthi, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ezibharhileyo zoshishino lwezolimo, ukwakha ongalawulekiyo, emigodini siswele kakhulu. Uluntu irrecoverably utshabalalisa oko kuye njengomthombo impilo. iinkampani ezinkulu, kungekhona umsitho, athululela emhlabeni izinto radioactive, oxides zesinyithi kunye namachiza ayityhefu. Isibakala sokuba ungcoliseko lithosfere kunokubangela i intlekele eziphilayo, apho kungekho mntu sikhuselekile, bona umdla kangako. Imiphumela yonke ngoku qwele kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo Umhlaba.

Yintoni na isakhiwo lithosfere, yintoni esiyaziyo ngaye? Ukuba sihlolisisa ukwakheka yemichiza yamawa ukuba ngamandlakazi komhlaba, ngokuthembekileyo kuphela kugwetywa ubunzulu 15-16 km. Kwenzeka ntoni enzulu, izazinzulu namhlanje azikhange kufundwe, ade ase ekupheleni, yaye malunga ngeziganeko ezininzi ukuba ndicinga kuphela. Ubunzima siyifumana yokuba lithosfere uphando ifumaneka kuphela ngqo kwiindawo umhlaba.

Ngamanye amaxesha ukubhidanisa ingqiqo ka "uqweqwe lomhlaba" yaye "lithosfere", kodwa bengengabo ncam, kodwa kufutshane nje ngokwaneleyo kwintsingiselo. Lithosfere - lo phezulu, iqokobhe esiluqilima yomhlaba. It iqulethe ziphakamileyo-amandla. Malunga Ebubanzini kuye bathi izazinzulu, abanye kubiza uluhlu 30-40 km, ngoxa abanye uye ucinge ukuba 60-70 km.

isakhiwo Lithosfere yile ilandelayo: noqweqwe, inxalenye engentla yokwaleka, kwakunye za uhambisa i indawo okanye ibhanti esongiweyo kunye neqonga izinzile. Xa siqwalasela isakhiwo yayo ngaphantsi kolwandle phantsi amazwekazi, oko yahluke kakhulu. Phantsi yokugqibela siquka lamanqanaba: lenyengane, abangelwe kunye sedimentary ukuya km 80 elingqingqwa, yaye ulwandle lweziqalelo zokulanda umkhondo: dunite kwaye harzburgites balo babulingana nesandla kule mimandla imalunga 5.10 km, kwaye umaleko lenyengane ayikho kwaphela.

imisebenzi kokonakaliswa le lithosfere: geodynamic, geochemical kunye yesimo. Bona kubangelwa, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuba izinto zazivelela kobasemhlabeni wethu. Eyokuqala ibandakanya iinkqubo zendalo kunye anthropogenic, ibonelela intuthuzelo kwaye, kakade, ukhuseleko yokuhlala bomntu. Nowesibini, nowesithathu - yintsimi geochemical kwaye yesimo, nto leyo echaphazela ngqo imeko uluntu eziphilayo kwaye, kakade, okusingqongileyo yabantu.

I Umhlaba ifana umzimba womntu, naluphi na uphazamiseko engafanelekanga kuya kuba neziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kwaye silindele umntu self-elawula kuphela imisebenzi kwemvelo lithosfere - ke kukungakhathali kwaye ixesha elizayo.